大鼠腹腔注射纳洛酮对电针镇痛效应及其脑内儿茶酚胺含量变化的影响

<正> 中枢儿茶酚胺(CA)主要有去甲肾上腺素(NA)和(DA)。我们曾观察到电针后大鼠脑内 NA 和 DA 含量发生显著变化,这种效应与所用的电针频率和强度有密切关系。许多实验研究也支持 NA 和 DA参与针刺镇痛过程。此外,阿片受体拮抗剂纳洛酮广泛被用来间接检查某一生理过程是否有内源性吗啡样物质参与。大量实验表明,无论全身性或脑室注射纳洛酮可以阻断或降低针刺的效应。由于脑内多种神经化学物质在代谢和功能上有着密切的联系。在本工作中,我们观察了大鼠腹腔注射纳洛酮对电针镇痛效应及其脑内 NA 和 DA 含量变化的影响,以便探讨阿片受体在针刺镇痛中对中枢 CA 的调节作用。     

大鼠腹腔注射荷包牡丹碱和阿托品对电针镇痛效应及其脑内去甲肾上腺素含量变化的影响

<正> 我们以前的研究发现,针刺镇痛时大鼠脑内去甲肾上腺素(NA)含量发生明显变化,而且它与针刺镇痛有密切的关系。许多研究资料也支持中枢 r-氨基丁酸(GABA)和乙酰胆碱(ACh)参与针刺镇痛过程。由于脑内各种神经介质在代谢和功能上存在密切的联系和动态平衡。在本工作中,我们观察了大鼠腹腔注射     

电针耐受时大鼠脑内cAMP和cGMP含量的变化

<正> 许多工作证明,作为第二信使的环核苷酸可能参与了痛觉的调节机制。我们曾经观察了电针镇痛时大鼠全脑及各脑区环-磷酸腺苷(cAMP)环-磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)含量的变化。发现电针镇痛时端脑cAMP含量下降,而脑干部位cGMP明显升高,这些变化可被阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮所翻转。反复电针时,电针镇痛作用会逐渐下降发生     

Effect of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms on biogenic monoamine levels in the rat brain

The extract of the stem bark of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms (ASH) is known to have healing and protective effects on stress-induced disturbance of mental status. We have analysed whether a single or chronic (2 week) administration of ASH can affect concentrations of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and their metabolites in the normal rat brain. A single p.o. administration of ASH elevated the NA and DA levels in the whole brain of rats in a dose-dependent manner. A single or 2 week administration of ASH (500 mg/kg) showed a marked increase in the DA level only in the striatum. However, NA levels were increased by a single dose of ASH in a wide range of brain regions such as the cortex, hypothalamus, striatum, hippocampus, substantia nigra and pons. When administered for 2 weeks no increase in NA levels was seen in these brain regions, except for an increase in the frontal cortex and anterior hypothalamus. The present results suggest that ASH may act by regulating NA and DA levels in specific brain regions related to stress response and Parkinson's disease.     

两种不同电针刺激强度和频率对大鼠脑内单胺类神经介质影响的比较

<正> 目前针刺临床和针刺原理研究中常常采用电针代替手法捻针,因此,电针刺激参数成为针刺临床和针刺原理研究中的一个基本重要研究问题。这方面的研究对阐明针刺原理和提高针刺治疗效果将是非常必要的。电针刺激参数包括波形、波幅、波宽、频率、节律和持续时间等。本文比较了两种不同电针刺激强度和频率对大鼠不同脑区内5-羟色胺(5-HT)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)和多巴胺(DA)水平的影响。     

Hange-koboku-to, a Kampo medicine, modulates cerebral levels of 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine), NA (noradrenaline) and DA (dopamine) in mice

Cerebral monoamine systems play important pathogenic roles in various psychiatric and neurologic diseases, such as depression, anxiety and swallowing disturbance. Hange-koboku-to, a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, has been successfully used for the treatment of these disorders. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying its clinical efficacy for these disorders, the effects of Hange-koboku-to (500 mg/kg, p.o.) on the cerebral monoamine systems were examined. Regional levels of 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine), NA (noradrenaline), DA (dopamine) and their metabolites in mouse brain were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography system. Hange-koboku-to increased the 5-HT and NA levels and decreased 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid), thus decreasing 5-HT and NA turnover (metabolites/monoamine ratio) in the hypothalamus. The levels of DA, DOPAC (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) and HVA (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylacetic acid) were all increased, resulting in a decreased DA turnover in the striatum. Since decreased 5-HT turnover has been observed after administration of various antidepressants, Hange-koboku-to-mediated reduction of 5-HT turnover may be related to the clinical efficacy of this Kampo medicine on certain psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, the beneficial therapeutic effects of Hange-koboku-to on swallowing disturbance may be related to the increased cerebral DA level brought about by this Kampo medicine.     

Effect of Bacopa monniera on stress induced changes in plasma corticosterone and brain monoamines in rats

Bacopa monniera (BM) is well known for its neuropharmacological effects. Our previous studies indicated the adaptogenic effect of standardized extract of BM in various stress models. In the present study, effect of BM was evaluated on acute stress (AS) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) induced changes in plasma corticosterone and monoamines-noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in cortex and hippocampus regions of brain in rats. Panax root powder (Panax quinquefolium) was taken as standard. Subjecting animals to AS (immobilization for 150 min once only) and CUS (different stressors for 7 days) resulted in significant elevation in plasma corticosterone levels, which was significantly countered by treatment with BM at a dose of 40 and 80 mg/kg p.o. similar to the effects of Panax quinquefolium (PQ) at 100 mg/kg p.o. AS exposure significantly increased the levels of 5-HT and decreased NA content in both the brain regions while DA content was significantly increased in cortex and decreased in hippocampus regions. In CUS regimen, levels of NA, DA and 5-HT were significantly depleted in cortex and hippocampus regions of brain. Treatment with BM (40 and 80 mg/kg) attenuated the stress induced changes in levels of 5-HT and DA in cortex and hippocampus regions but was ineffective in normalizing the NA levels in AS model, whereas PQ treatment significantly reverted back the effects of stress. In CUS model, pretreatment with BM and PQ significantly elevated the levels of NA, DA and 5-HT levels in cortex and levels of NA and 5-HT in hippocampus regions. Hence, our study indicates that the adaptogenic activity of BM might be due to the normalization of stress induced alteration in plasma corticosterone and levels of monoamines like NA, 5-HT and DA in cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain, which are more vulnerable to stressful conditions analogous to the effects of PQ.     

电针对帕金森病大鼠中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元氧化应激损伤的影响

目的:观察电针对帕金森病(PD)大鼠的中脑黑质超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及对中脑黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)表达及多巴胺(DA)能神经细胞凋亡的影响,探讨电针治疗PD的可能机制。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组(n=10)、模型组(n=11)、电针组(n=11)和西药组(n=11)。皮下注射鱼藤酮溶液制备PD大鼠模型。电针组选"百会""三阴交""太冲"穴电针10min,每天1次,7d为1个疗程,治疗2个疗程;西药组给予美多巴混悬液灌胃(1.67mg/kg)。治疗后行酶法测定右脑中脑黑质SOD、GSH-Px活力,比色定量分析法测定GSH、MDA含量;免疫组化(SP法)染色检测左脑中脑黑质TH,TUNEL法检测DA能神经细胞凋亡。结果:模型组SOD、GSH、GSH-Px均低于正常组(P0.05),模型组MDA高于正常组(P0.05);电针组SOD、GSH、GSH-Px均高于模型组(P0.05),电针组、西药组MDA均低于模型组(P0.05);电针组SOD、GSH-Px均高于西药组(P0.05)。电针组、西药组与模型组相比中脑黑质DA能神经元细胞形态较规则,体积较正常,核仁较明显,神经纤维排列较整齐,结构较密集;西药组改善差于电针组,优于模型组。电针组、西药组与模型组相比TH改善明显,阳性神经元数目增多(P0.05),神经元胞体轮廓及突起清晰;西药组改善差于电针组(P0.05)。电针组、西药组与模型组相比,DA能神经细胞凋亡减少(P0.05)。结论:电针可通过提高PD大鼠中脑黑质SOD、GSH-Px活力和GSH含量,降低MDA含量,增加TH免疫反应阳性神经元数目,抑制DA能神经细胞凋亡来治疗PD。     

动态观测电针对脑缺血再灌注大鼠纹状体内多巴胺及其代谢产物的影响

目的:探讨纹状体细胞外液中多巴胺(DA)及其代谢产物在电针抗脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。方法:将50只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组、假手术+电针组、模型组、模型+电针组。用右侧大脑中动脉阻塞方法制成脑缺血再灌注模型。电针各组电针"风池"20min后,休息10min,再电针20min。通过微透析及高效液相色谱技术测定大鼠纹状体细胞外液中DA及其代谢产物3,4-二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)、高香草酸(HVA)的浓度。结果:在实验过程中,正常组、假手术组、假手术+电针组纹状体内胞外DA、DOPAC、HVA含量无明显变化。在脑缺血后30min以及再灌注后15min,DA含量出现两次明显升高(P<0.05),再灌注后120min也观测到1次上升的趋势;而DOPAC含量在缺血后15min、75min以及再灌注后75min出现3次高峰(P<0.05)。经电针治疗后,DA含量于再灌注后90min、120min明显低于模型组(P<0.05);而DOPAC含量在再灌注后维持在基础水平,未出现第3次高峰。HVA的变化趋势与DOPAC相似,经电针治疗后HVA含量于再灌注75min明显低于模型组。结论:电针可减少脑缺血再灌注后大鼠纹状体内细胞外液中DA及其代谢产物的蓄积,发挥脑保护作用。     

电针“足三里”穴激活多巴胺机制减轻肠缺血-再灌注大鼠心肌损伤

目的:探讨电针"足三里"对大鼠肠缺血/再灌注(I/R)引起的急性心肌损伤的保护作用。方法:雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组、模型1h组和4h组、电针1h组和4h组,每组6只。采用夹闭大鼠肠系膜上动脉30min,恢复灌流1h和4h,制备肠I/R模型。电针组于肠缺血后即刻行电针双侧"足三里"穴30min。再灌注1h和4h后,腹主动脉取血,酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和多巴胺(DA)水平,并使用全自动生化分析仪测定血浆肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH);取心肌组织,酶联免疫吸附法检测髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;HE染色观察左心尖组织病理变化。结果:与假手术组比较,模型1h组和4h组血浆DA水平下降,而TNF-α、CK-MB、LDH水平及心肌组织MDA含量、MPO活性升高(均P0.05),心肌组织病理损伤明显。与相应时段模型组相比,电针"足三里"穴治疗后血浆DA水平升高,血浆TNF-α、CK-MB、LDH水平及心肌组织MDA含量、MPO活性降低(除CK-MB 4h、MPO 4h和MDA 1h外,余均P0.05),心肌组织损伤减轻。I/R损伤1h时电针抑制心肌MDA含量、MPO活性的百分比分别是9%、13%,4h时分别是30%、15%。结论:电针"足三里"穴能显著减轻大鼠肠I/R后心肌损伤,其保护机制可能与电针"足三里"穴升高血浆DA,降低血浆TNF-α和心肌组织MPO、MDA,清除氧自由基,减轻炎性反应有关。     

远近配穴电针对自体髓核移植大鼠脊髓p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶及环磷酸腺苷表达的影响

目的:探讨远近配穴针刺对自体髓核移植腰痛大鼠机械缩爪阈和脊髓中p 38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p 38 MAPK)及环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)表达的影响,为理解不同针刺处方作用机制提供实验依据。方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、假手术组、全穴组、近穴组和远穴组,每组13只,采用自体髓核移植方法建立腰痛模型。全穴组电针双侧腰5(L 5)"夹脊""大肠俞""委中"和"昆仑",近穴组电针双侧L 5"夹脊"和"大肠俞",远穴组电针双侧"委中"和"昆仑"。电针治疗每天1次,每次20min,连续治疗7d。于术前1d和术后3、5、7d观察大鼠行为学和机械痛阈值;于术后8d,取脊髓L 4-L 6节段,用免疫组织化学法和免疫蛋白印迹法测定p 38 MAPK表达,用酶联免疫吸附法测定cAMP含量。结果:与正常组相比,模型组在术后3d表现出明显痛觉过敏,持续至术后7d;与模型组比较,3个针刺组机械痛阈变化百分率提高(P0.01);全穴组、近穴组痛阈升高趋势优于远穴组(P0.01,P0.05)。与正常组相比,模型组脊髓p38MAPK表达水平显著上升(P0.01);与模型组相比,近穴组、远穴组、全穴组p 38MAPK表达水平显著下降(P0.01,P0.05),以近穴组最为明显,全穴组次之。与正常组相比,模型组脊髓cAMP表达明显升高(P0.01);与模型组相比,近穴组、全穴组cAMP表达下降(P0.01,P0.05)。结论:远部取穴、近部取穴和远近配伍取穴电针均能对内源性髓核刺激导致的腰痛模型大鼠7d内痛阈和脊髓p 38 MAPK、cAMP(除远穴组外)表达产生调节作用,近部取穴和远近配伍取穴调节作用更加明显。     

逍遥散对大鼠脑中单胺类神经递质含量的影响

应用高效液相色谱电化学检测方法测定了逍遥散对大鼠不同脑区单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物含量的影响。逍遥散10、20g/kg po,一日两次,连续6天,显著升高下丘脑NA含量,同时升高纹状体DA含量,降低DOPAC含量,但对所研究各脑区5-HT及5-HIAA含量无任何影响。提示逍遥散选择性地作用于中枢儿茶酚胺能种经系统,这种作用与其治疗神经精神疾病及内分泌功能失调有关。     

针刺对肥胖大鼠杏仁核作用的研究

本实验采用高脂饲料喂养SD雄性大鼠制造肥胖动物模型 ,并观察针刺对其摄食、体重、脂肪、杏仁核组织单胺类神经介质含量的影响。结果显示 ,针刺可以明显降低肥胖大鼠摄食量、体重、Lee’s指数、脂肪量 ,说明针刺具有减肥作用。本文可见 ,肥胖大鼠杏仁核酪氨酸 (Tyr)、多巴胺 (DA)和去甲肾上腺素 (NA)的水平明显低于正常 ,而 5 羟色胺 (5 HT)和 5 HT/ 5 羟吲哚乙酸 (5 HIAA)的水平明显高于正常。针刺治疗取得良好减肥效应 ,同时肥胖大鼠杏仁核Tyr、DA水平明显回升 ,5 HT和 5 HT/ 5 HIAA水平明显回降。提示 ,针刺对肥胖大鼠杏仁核的良性作用可能是其实现减肥效应的中枢作用机制之一     

电针对全脑缺血再灌注大鼠血中一氧化氮、内皮素含量的影响

目的:研究一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)在全脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及电针的保护作用机理。方法:SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针治疗组(取左侧“肩”“外关”“髀关”“足三里”穴)、穴位对照组(取左侧“清冷渊”“灵道”“箕门”“漏谷”穴)、非穴位对照组(取左侧“天泉”与“曲泽”连线中点、“曲泽”与“郄门”连线中点、“五里”与“阴包”连线中点和“膝关”与“中都”连线中点),电针参数为连续波,频率10Hz,波宽0.6ms,电压1.5-3V(以肌肉轻微抽动为度),时间10min。每天1次,共3d。假手术组和模型组只固定不针刺。三动脉结扎法造成大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,硝酸还原酶法测定血清NO含量,放射免疫法测定血浆ET含量,原子吸收分光光度计测定脑组织Ca2+含量,干湿重法测定脑组织含水量。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组结扎颈总动脉30min的血清NO含量明显降低,血浆ET含量无明显变化;再灌注30min,血清NO含量显著降低,血浆ET含量显著增加,再灌注120min,脑组织Ca2+含量和含水量显著增加。电针能显著升高再灌注30min后血清NO含量,降低血浆ET含量、脑组织Ca2+含量和含水量,与模型组比较有显著性差异。结论:脑缺血再灌注急性期存在血液NO含量降低而ET含量升高,电针治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制可能与升高血清NO含量和降低血浆ET含量有关。     

大鼠脑内P物质在针刺镇痛中的作用及其与脑啡肽的关系

<正> P物质(SP)在痛觉感受方面已有不少研究。多数学者认为,在脊髓水平它是传递痛信息的神经递质;而在中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)或脑室注射SP则出现镇痛作用。因此,人们考虑到脑内SP是否参     

芳冰鼻吸剂对大鼠镇静助眠的药效研究与评价

目的：开展芳冰鼻吸剂对大鼠镇静助眠的药效研究,评价其可能的作用机理。方法：采用改良多平台水环境法造模。观察大鼠造模前后行为、体重、血常规等变化,并采用ELISA测定给药后大鼠血清、海马区5-HT、DA、NA的含量变化。结果：睡眠剥夺后给予药物治疗,低剂量组可显著缩短大鼠入睡时间,同时与环境对照组比较,造模后大鼠血清中的5-HT 及海马中的DA含量均降低,中剂量组血清中DA及NA的含量明显低于阳性对照组;与模型组比较,环境对照组、阳性对照组和高剂量组海马中DA的含量显著增加。结论：芳冰鼻吸剂具有较好的镇静助眠的疗效,其作用机理主要是通过升高大鼠血清中5-HT、NA的含量,降低海马中NA含量来达到镇静助眠的功效。     

保神开郁冲剂影响失眠鼠中枢递质的实验研究

通过建立失眠大鼠模型 ,予保神开郁冲剂高、低剂量组及各对照组灌胃治疗 ,利用荧光分光光度法检测大鼠中脑、桥脑、延脑等 5-羟色胺 (5 - HT) 、5-羟吲哚乙酸 (5 - HIAA) 、去甲肾上腺素 (NA) 、多巴胺(DA) 含量的变化 ,分析保神开郁冲剂增加深睡 ,提高睡眠质量的机理。结果显示 ,保神开郁冲剂高、低剂量组能够使 5- HT含量增加 ,NA、DA的含量降低 ,并与其它对照组呈显著性差异(P<0 .0 5 ) ,保神开郁冲剂增加深睡的内在机理是影响脑内 5- HT、NA、DA的含量而作用于睡眠—觉醒机制的。     

脑室注射促甲状腺素释放激素对电针镇痛及脑内CAMP含量的影响

<正> 我们曾报道,脑室注射促甲状腺素释放激素(TRH)能对抗电针(EA)和吗啡的镇痛效应,,其机理不清楚。有资料表明,TRH对抗戊巴比妥的镇痛作用是通过影响神经细胞内cAMP实现的,脑内注入     

The role of substance P in electroacupuncture analgesia and its relation to enkephalins in the rat brain]

In order to understand the role of substance P (SP) in the brain and the relationship between SP and enkephalins in the electroacupuncture analgesia (EA), we have observed the influence of SP-antagonist, (D-Arg', D-Phe5, D-Trp7.9, Leu11) -SP (DADPDTL) injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) on EA and the change of the level of SP in the brain regions of the rat during EA. We have made a further observations on the influences of the naloxone (NX) on the che change of the content of SP induced by EA and DADPDTL on the increase in Leu-enkephalins (LEK) induced by EA. The Wistar rats were used in the experiment. The latency of the tail flick, immersing the tip of rat tail (4 cm) into hot-water of 50 degrees C, was taken as the pain threshold. The drugs were injected icv via plastic cannulae implanted in the bilateral ventricles. The EA was applied to the point of "Zusanli" (S36). The contents of SP and LEK were determined radioimmunoassay in the hypothalamus, mid-brain, striatum and pons-medulla-oblongata. The pain threshold was increased by 48 +/- 9% (P less than 0.01) after EA. But icv injection of DADPDTL decreased the pain threshold by 14 +/- 7% after EA. The result suggests that DADPDTL can antagonize the effect of EA and that SP in the brain is involved in EA. After EA the contents of SP in the hypothalamus and mid-brain of the rats were decreased by 29% and 28% in comparison with that of the control group respectively (both of them, P less than 0.05), but the contents of SP in the striatum and pons-medulla-oblongata had no significant change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)