Differentiation between benign phyllodes tumors and fibroadenomas of the breast on MR imaging

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that contribute to the differentiation between phyllodes tumors (PTs) and fibroadenomas (FAs) on MR imaging.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included 19 PTs and 18 FAs with ≥2 cm diameter. The presence or absence of a capsule and internal septum, the extent of lobulation, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were determined. The presence or absence of a cystic component, the time–intensity curve, and the signal intensity on delayed-phase contrast-enhanced T1WI were also evaluated in 31 patients (16 PTs and 17 FAs) who underwent a contrast-enhanced study.

Results

Cystic components were seen in 10 of the 16 PTs (63%) and in 4 of the 17 FAs (24%; P = 0.03). The PTs showed strong lobulation more frequently compared to the FAs (14/19 [74%] vs. 7/18 [39%], respectively; P = 0.04). Though there was no significant difference, PT tended to be heterogeneous more frequently on the delayed phase of the contrast-enhanced T1WI compared to the FA (11/16 [69%] vs. 7/17 [41%], respectively). No significant difference was found in the other findings.

Conclusions

Although PTs and FAs show similar MR findings, the presence of a cystic component, strong lobulation, and heterogeneity on delayed-phase contrast-enhanced T1WI suggests a PT.     

乳腺叶状瘤的影像诊断

目的 总结分析乳腺叶状瘤X线钼靶照片和超声检查的影像学特征。方法 搜集1991年1月至2003年5月经手术、病理证实的25例乳腺叶状瘤，其中13例行X线钼靶摄片，17例行超声检查，回顾性分析其临床特点及影像学征象。结果 25例乳腺叶状瘤中病理诊断Ⅰ级者17例，Ⅱ级7例，Ⅲ级1例。13例行乳腺X线钼靶检查患者病灶表现为圆形(7例)或浅分叶状(6例)密度高于邻近腺体的肿块，边界清楚(8例)或部分不清(5例)，所有病例均未发现钙化及邻近皮肤增厚、乳头回缩、周围乳腺结构扭曲等恶性征象。行乳腺超声检查的17例患者，病灶表现为低回声者16例，边界规整者16例，出现囊变者10例，11例出现后方回声增强。结论 乳腺叶状瘤的影像学表现有一定的特点，但这些表现为非特征性，与纤维腺瘤等边界清楚的实性病灶的鉴别有一定的困难，对可疑病灶行切除活检非常必要。     

乳腺叶状瘤的X线表现与病理特征

目的　探讨乳腺叶状瘤 (phyllodestumor,PT)的X线表现与病理特征 ,以期从影像学角度提高对该病的认识。方法　回顾性分析 13例经病理证实的PTX线表现与病理。结果　 13例PT中9例肿块表现为圆形、边缘光整有“透明晕”(病理上有完整“包膜”) ,6例为低度恶性 ,3例为中度恶性。 4例肿块部分界限模糊 (病理上 3例呈浸润性生长 ,“包膜”不完整 ) ,3例为中、高度恶性 ,1例为低度恶性。肿瘤直径 <5 0cm的 8例中 ,中、高度恶性 5例 ;肿瘤直径 5 0～ 10 0cm的 5例中 ,低度恶性4例。结论　中年妇女乳房内肿块大而周边有“透明晕”是PT较特征的X线征象 ,近期迅速增大有助于诊断。PTX线表现与组织学分级有一定关系 ,边界不清楚提示恶性程度较高 ,但并非完全可靠     

MRI在乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 分析乳腺叶状肿瘤(PTs)的MRI特征,提高PTs与纤维腺瘤(FAs)的鉴别诊断水平.方法 搜集经手术病理证实、行MRI检查的PTs患者10例及FAs患者33例,分析其MRI表现,并进行统计学分析,比较两者的差异.结果 10例PTs中,术后病理诊断良性2例,交界性8例.叶状肿瘤具有短期内明显增大病史,在最大横径、深分叶、T1WI上存在高信号区域、T2囊性成分、低信号的分隔、不均匀强化、增多的血管、时间-信号强度曲线上,与FAs有统计学差异(P =0.026).在T2WI信号、胆碱(Cho)峰值上,两者没有统计学差异.结论 PTs和FAs在MRI表现上有一定差异,有助于PTs的正确诊断.     

Differentiation of phyllodes breast tumors from fibroadenomas on MRI

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the MRI appearance of phyllodes breast tumors and to differentiate them from fibroadenomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images were obtained on a 1.5-T imager. T1- and T2-weighted sequences and dynamic 2D fast-field echo T1-weighted sequences were performed. MR images of 23 patients with 24 phyllodes breast tumors (one malignant, 23 benign) were analyzed with respect to morphology and contrast enhancement. The tumors were compared with the MRI appearance of 81 fibroadenomas of 75 patients. RESULTS: Well-defined margins were seen in 87.5% of the phyllodes tumors and 70.4% of the fibroadenomas, and a round or lobulated shape in 100% and 90.1%, respectively. A heterogeneous internal structure was observed in 70.8% of phyllodes tumors and in 49.4% of fibroadenomas. Nonenhancing internal septations were found in 45.8% of phyllodes tumors and 27.2% of fibroadenomas. A significantly greater increase in signal was seen on T2-weighted images in the tissue surrounding phyllodes tumors (21%) compared with fibroadenomas (1.2%). Most of both lesions appeared with low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. After the administration of contrast material, 33.3% of phyllodes tumors and 22.2% of fibroadenomas showed a suspicious signal intensity-time course. CONCLUSION: Phyllodes breast tumors and other fibroadenomas cannot be precisely differentiated on breast MRI. Phyllodes tumors have benign morphologic features and contrast enhancement characteristics suggestive of malignancy in 33% of cases.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤 MRI表现特征分析

目的：分析乳腺叶状肿瘤（PTB）的MRI表现,提高对该病的认识和诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的13例PTB的M RI表现,包括肿瘤的形态特征、平扫信号强度、动态增强表现及时间信号强度曲线,类型、DWI信号特征,并与病理结果对照。结果13例PTB均单发。病灶大小为6．2cm ×4．2cm～1．2cm×1．1cm。4例分叶状呈多发结节融合样改变,9例边缘轻度分叶,8例在分叶间见条状分隔延伸至肿瘤内部。M RI平扫T1 WI呈等或稍低信号, T2 WI 9例呈混杂高信号,4例呈均匀高信号。DWI（b值＝800s／mm2）8例呈较高信号,5例呈稍高信号;6例同时检测了ADC图,呈高信号。动态增强扫描11例较均匀明显强化,2例不均匀明显强化,见囊变未强化区。T IC 10例呈Ⅱ型,Ⅰ型2例,Ⅲ型1例。术后病理诊断：良性9例,交界性4例,未见恶性 PTB。结论 PTB的 M RI表现具有一定特征性, M RI检查有助于该病的诊断。     

Imaging findings in phyllodes tumors of the breast

Purpose

To study the radiological appearance and pathological features of breast phyllodes tumors (PTs), and to enhance the recognition of the tumor.

Materials and methods

Clinical and imaging findings were retrospectively reviewed in 24 women with PTs confirmed by surgical pathology. All of the 24 patients had preoperative MRI and sonography, and 10 had preoperative mammography.

Results

The histologic findings were benign, borderline and malignant PTs in 16.7% (4/24), 45.8% (11/24) and 37.5% (9/24) of cases, respectively. The tumor size (p = 0.001), irregular shape on sonographic imaging (p = 0.039), internal non-enhanced septations (p = 0.009), silt-like changes in enhanced images (p = 0.006) and signal changes from T2-weighted to enhanced images on MRI (p = 0.001) correlated significantly with the histologic grade; the BI-RADS category of the MRI could reflect the PT's histologic grade with a correlation coefficient of 0.440 (p = 0.031). If the category BI-RADS ≥4a was considered to be a suspicious malignant lesion, the diagnostic accuracy of mammography, US and MRI would be 70% (7/10), 62.5% (15/24) and 95.8% (23/24), respectively.

Conclusion

The tumor size and several US and MRI findings can be used to help preoperatively determine the histologic grade of breast PTs. When a patient presents with a progressively enlarging, painless breast mass, MRI should be recommended first.     

乳腺髓样癌的X线表现--与病理对照并与纤维腺瘤鉴别

目的　评价乳腺X线片鉴别髓样癌与纤维腺瘤以及鉴别典型髓样癌与不典型髓样癌的可能性。资料与方法　回顾性分析乳腺髓样癌 2 7例 ,纤维腺瘤 34例 ,观察X线片表现 ,并与病理进行对照。结果　乳腺髓样癌与纤维腺瘤均以无钙化的肿块常见 ,各占 78%和 74 %。髓样癌为高密度肿块 (19/2 5 ) ,纤维腺瘤多为等密度肿块 (19/2 8) ,两者有显著性差异 (P =0 .0 0 1) ;髓样癌边缘多呈浸润性或小分叶状改变 (2 3/2 5 ) ,而纤维腺瘤表现或为边缘清晰 ,或呈某一投照位置边缘清晰、而另一位置不能见肿块的特殊改变 (2 5 /2 8) ,两者有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1)。 2 7例髓样癌中 ,9例为不典型髓样癌 ,典型髓样癌与不典型髓样癌在肿块形状 (P =0 .6 70 )、边缘 (P =0 .394 )及密度(P =0 .6 37)改变上无明显差异。结论　乳腺髓样癌的X线表现有一定的特征 ,与其病理基础密切相关 ,可与纤维腺瘤作出鉴别。髓样癌病理上又可分为典型髓样癌与不典型髓样癌 ,两者在X线片上无法鉴别     

乳腺叶状肿瘤超声特征及与病理对照分析

目的:研究乳腺叶状肿瘤的超声声像图特征,并与病理结果相对照,以期从超声角度提高对本病的认识。方法:分析经病理证实的16例乳腺叶状肿瘤的二维及彩色多普勒超声表现,并与病理结果对照分析。结果:二维图像肿块体积大小范围变化大,形态不规则可分叶,可有包膜,内部多为不均匀弱回声,可有液性暗区。CDFI良性血流0~Ⅰ级,恶性Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,阻力指数偏高。结论:乳腺叶状肿瘤的二维声像图具有一定特点,但无明显特异性,肿块的大小与良恶性之间无明显联系,结合肿块内部囊性变、彩色多普勒超声显示丰富的血流及高速高阻频谱,对提示恶性有意义。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤的MRI特征及鉴别诊断

乳腺叶状肿瘤（PT）是一类少见的乳腺肿瘤,具有上皮和间叶细胞双向分化的特点,表现多样,在临床及影像上可与纤维腺瘤、边缘光整的乳腺癌或乳腺肉瘤相似,在治疗及预后方面则明显不同。传统影像学诊断PT价值有限,而在乳腺增强MRI及功能成像上,PT的影像表现具有一定特征性,对术前诊断及活检穿刺定位有重要意义。就PT的临床表现、病理、MRI特征及鉴别诊断予以综述。     

Phyllodes tumors of the breast

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, mammographic, and sonographic findings of phyllodes tumor of the breast and correlate them to the benign or malignant pathological nature of the lesion and its clinical behavior. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of 12 cases of phyllodes tumors diagnosed in our hospital in the past 6 years, 6 of which were malignant. The surgical management and clinical course of the patients were also reviewed. Mammographically, soft tissue masses ranging from 2.5 to 15 cm were present in all patients. One patient had a mixed fat and water density mass and 2 patients had masses associated with coarse calcifications. At sonography, all tumors were well circumscribed; two of them were homogeneously hypoechoic, and the rest had heterogeneous internal echoes. Eight patients showed internal cystic areas. None of these characteristics proved to be useful in ascertaining the benign or malignant nature of the tumor. At surgery, 5 patients underwent mastectomy and 7 patients local excision of the tumor. Three of the later tumors, one benign and two malignant, recurred after several months. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy suggested the diagnosis of phyllodes tumor in only 3 cases. After surgery, six tumors were classified as benign and six as malignant, three of which being of low-grade malignancy. None of the clinical or radiologic characteristics of the tumors were useful in predicting their histological nature or their behavior after surgery. Preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy often misdiagnosed the tumor as benign fibroadenoma. Only the histopathologic features of the excised mass proved to be helpful in assessing malignancy. Received: 3 July 1997; Revision received: 18 December 1997; Accepted: 28 April 1998     

Breast cancer in women 35 years old or younger: clinical and mammographic features

The purpose of our work was to describe the clinical and mammographic patterns of breast cancer in women aged 35 years old or less. From 1980 to 1985, 92 women 35 years old or younger were treated in our institution for breast cancer. Their mammograms were reviewed to determine the breast density and to describe the mammographic lesion. The clinical examination found a palpable breast mass (n = 84), nipple discharge (n = 2), axillary lymph node involvement (n = 3), metastasis (n = 1) or was normal (n = 2). The mammograms exhibited dense (n = 59), mixed dense/fatty (n = 29) or fatty (n = 4) parenchymal breast. The mammograms showed opacity with well-defined (n = 13) or ill-defined borders (n = 34), spiculated opacity (n = 11), architectural distortion (n = 9), isolated clusters of microcalcifications (n = 13) or were normal (n = 18). The diagnosis of breast cancer in young womensis difficult, because mammographic accuracy is less reliable and benign disease is far more prevalent.     

Phyllodes tumors of the breast

Our objective was to study the color and pulse Doppler ultrasonography of phyllodes tumors of the breast. The data of 36 phyllodes tumors (19 benign, 5 borderline, and 12 malignant) were reviewed retrospectively. The median age of the patients was 41.5 years (range 13–62 years), and the tumors varied in size from 1.5 to 20 cm (median 4.6 cm). Most of the phyllodes tumors were lobulated masses with smooth margins, mildly hypoechoic internal echo texture, a heterogeneous internal echo pattern, and no microcalcification. Vessels were detectable on 35 of these tumors, with 51.4% having resistance index >0.700, 45.7% having pulsatility index >1.300, and 51.4% having V_max >15 cm/s. The color Doppler characteristics were of no significant use in predicting the histological nature of the phyllodes tumors. If the sonographic features suggest a phyllodes tumor, a histological examination should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis. Electronic Publication     

Appearence of breast masses on sonoelastography with special focus on the diagnosis of fibroadenomas

The aim of this study was to show and correlate the imaging features of breast masses, especially fibroadenomas, using sonoelastography. Two hundred thirty-five patients with 302 breast lesions referred for core needle biopsy participated in the study. All lesions appearing as solid masses on conventional US were included. Out of the included lesions (270), 115 (42.6%) corresponded to histologically confirmed fibroadenomas and 155 (57.4%) to lesions with histologically confirmed diagnoses other than fibroadenomas. These were further subdivided into fibrocystic changes, lesions with low malignancy potential, and malignant lesions. Fibroadenomas were also divided according to histological presentation into three subgroups to allow comparative study based on elastographic scores. All lesions were classified using a four-point scoring system based on ultrasound elastography imaging characteristics. Different presentations were observed for elastographic scores according to histological presentation of fibroadenomas, whereby fibroadenomas with benign characteristics tended to have elastographic classification similar to fibrocystic changes, and complex and hypercellular fibroadenomas had classifications similar to harder lesions. Fibroadenomas are generally classified as category 3 in the BI-RADS® lexicon and are the most commonly found lesions in breast biopsies. Sonoelastography can provide additional information to conventional studies and be used as an auxiliary tool in assessing these masses in clinical practice.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤声像图特征及误诊分析

目的 探讨不同类型乳腺叶状肿瘤(PTB)的超声声像图特征并分析其误诊原因.方法 选取61例不同类型PTB患者乳腺肿块的位置、大小、数目、形态、回声等形态学特征,对比超声检查确诊PTB以及误诊患者声像图特征,并与病理结果对照分析,总结误诊原因.结果 1)本组PTB 61例,良性43例(70.5％),交界性10例(16.4...     

乳腺摄影微钙化的Le Gal分型与病理的关系

目的：探讨乳腺摄影时微钙化病灶的LeGal分型与病理表现的相关性。方法：经病理证实的伴有乳腺微钙化灶的女性患者106例,术前均行数字化乳腺摄影检查,分析微钙化的影像学表现并进行LeGal分型。结果：本组患者中共发现111个微钙化病灶（5例为双乳病变）,经病理证实,恶性病灶50个（45．0％）,良性61个（55．0％）。微钙化LeGal分型中恶性病变的比例分别为：Ⅱ型29．6％（16／54）,Ⅲ型31．0％（9／29）,Ⅳ型87．0％（20／23）,Ⅴ型100％（5／5）。良恶性病灶的微钙化类型的差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）,且随分型的升高,恶性病变的比例逐渐递增。Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型中,微钙化单位面积数量以及是否合并肿块在良恶性病变间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：乳腺微钙化病灶的LeGal分型与其病理学表现间有明显相关性,结合其它影像学表现能提高对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断准确性。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌的早期X线诊断(附22例报告)

目的：为进一步提高早期浸润性导管癌的 Ｘ 线诊断水平。方法：作者总结了经手术病理证实２２ 例女性直径＜ ２ ｃ ｍ 早期浸润性导管癌症的 Ｘ 线表现。结果：２２ 例中,８ 例呈肿瘤结节,３ 例出现恶性钙化,５ 例局部结构紊乱,４ 例出现小灶致密影,２ 例表现为条索状改变,３ 例显示为星芒征。结论：对上述诸多特殊表现的认识,在浸润性导管癌的早期诊断中具有重要价值。     

乳腺癌不典型X线表现

目的 :进一步提高对乳腺癌早期、不典型X线征象的认识。方法 :对 97例经手术病理证实的乳腺癌不典型X线征象作回顾性分析。结果 :乳腺癌不典型X线表现分非结节型和结节型。非结节型共 49例 ,包括 :①孤立成簇、微小、多形少量钙化 16例 ;②肿瘤呈“礼花样”表现 7例 ;③乳头后导管异常改变 10例 ;④局部腺体结构不良 12例 ;⑤乳腺内无异常表现 4例。结节型共 48例 ,包括 :①单发结节 3 7例 ;②多发小结节 11例。结论 :①每平方厘米内成簇、微小多形钙化灶少于 5枚是乳腺早期癌的重要依据 ;②癌瘤呈“礼花样”改变是诊断乳腺癌的一个新的征象 ;③局部腺体结构不良、乳头后导管异常改变对乳腺癌早期、不典型X线诊断具有重要价值 ;④边缘光滑或部分光滑的单、多发小结节也是乳腺癌重要的不典型X线征象。     

乳腺分叶状肿瘤的临床及X线钼靶表现分析

目的：探讨乳腺分叶状肿瘤的临床及影像学表现。方法：回顾性分析5例经手术、病理证实的乳腺分叶状肿瘤患者的临床和乳腺X线摄影资料．良性1例,恶性1例。患者均为女性．年龄20～51岁,病程1周～4年。首发症状为乳腺无痛性包块,3例患者肿块近期迅速长大。结果：所有肿块触诊质地坚韧．表面光滑,活动度好。乳腺X线摄影片共显示瘤体6个．多位于乳腺外上象限（46）,均为高密度．无毛刺肿块,分叶形3个、圆形1个、椭圆形2个。肿块直径2．5～7．5cm。4个肿块边缘;青晰、光滑．3个可见薄层透明晕环绕;另2个瘤体边缘部分清楚。肿块内未见钙化,未见异常血管像,邻近结构紊乱及腋下淋巴结增大。结论：分叶状肿瘤在临床及影像学表现上与纤维腺瘤有很多相似之处,但年龄较大的女性、乳腺发现较大肿块且短期内迅速长大应高度怀疑分叶状肿瘤可能。     

乳腺良恶性肿块的钼靶X线误诊分析

目的:总结乳腺癌的X线征象,分析误诊原因,提高对乳腺良恶性病变X线征象的认识。方法:搜集以乳腺肿块就诊的乳腺疾病患者300例,从中选出术后病理诊断为乳腺癌的病例28例,良性病变6例;误诊病例6例。误诊病例中4例病理报告为良性而X线诊断为恶性肿瘤,包括纤维瘤2例,浆细胞性乳腺炎1例,特发性肉芽肿性炎1例;2例病理报告为乳腺癌而术前误诊为良性病变。分析乳腺癌及误诊病例的X线表现,总结误诊原因。结果:乳腺癌高发年龄段为41～50岁,多位于外上象限,大多数可见肿块影,边界模糊,有沿导管分布的泥沙样、断针样钙化,病侧血管增粗;4例误诊的良性病例因具有部分恶性病变特征而误诊,回顾分析时可见它们与恶性肿瘤的不同之处在于无明显肿块影,钙化点较粗大且分布不规则;2例因肿块边界清晰而误诊为良性病变,回顾分析时见其部分边界不清,且伴病侧血管及Cooper韧带增粗等恶性征象。结论:仔细分析钼靶X线病变特征并结合临床资料可提高乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断诊断符合率。