肾损伤分子-1在急性缺血缺氧再灌注大鼠肾组织中的表达及意义

目的 观察肾损伤分子-1(kidney injury molecule-1,KIM-1)在急性缺血缺氧再灌注肾损伤(acute ischemia reperfusion kidney injury,AIKI)大鼠肾组织中的表达及分布规律,探讨其在诊断急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)中的价值.方法 采用清洁级SD大鼠128只,随机分为对照组和模型组,模型组按国际标准建立大鼠AIKI模型,分别于2h、6h、24h、48h、72h、1周、2周、4周处死(n=8),取肾组织,常规HE染色,参照Sayhan等标准对肾小管间质损伤进行半定量评分;免疫组织化学、Western blot法检测KIM-1蛋白的表达及分布;生化法测定血清肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)水平.结果 (1)大鼠缺血再灌注后2h即出现明显肾小管间质损伤,随着再灌注时间延长损伤加重,48h达高峰后逐渐减轻,但仍高于对照组(P<0.01);(2)Western blot和免疫组织化学检测发现,缺血再灌注后2h肾组织KIM-1的表达明显升高,KIM-1表达水平与肾小管间质损伤评分呈显著正相关(r=0.887,P=0.003);(3)大鼠缺血再灌注后2h Scr明显升高,48h达到最高值后降至正常,其升高与肾小管间质损伤评分无相关性(r=0.280,P=0.502).结论 AIKI模型中大鼠肾组织KIM-1蛋白表达水平显著增加,其表达水平与肾小管间质损伤评分呈正相关,与Scr相比,KIM-1可能为更准确地反映肾损伤情况的指标.     

环孢霉素A相关肾毒性标志物的研究进展

环孢霉素A(cyclosporine A,CsA)是治疗激素依赖型和激素耐药型肾病综合征常用药物之一,但是在CsA治疗肾病综合征的同时往往会发生肾脏毒性,从而限制了CsA的使用.CsA可导致急慢性肾脏病,缺血的肾组织发生炎症以及纤维化.目前临床上通过尿系列微量蛋白、血肌酐等对CsA肾毒性进行监测,但尚不能早期发现肾脏损害.寻找一种无创且敏感性高的标志物来检测CsA的肾毒性是目前研究的热点.该文就目前已知的急性肾损伤标记物在监测CsA肾毒性方面的研究进展进行综述.     

黄芪对实验性IgA肾病大鼠肾小管间质损害及NF-κB MCP-1表达的影响

目的：观察黄芪对实验性IgA肾病大鼠肾间质损害及肾组织核转录因子-κB （NF-κB）、单核细胞趋化蛋白（MCP-1）表达的影响,探讨黄芪防治IgA肾病肾小管间质损害的作用机制。方法：28只SD大鼠分为模型组、干预组、对照组3组。模型组和干预组复制IgA肾病模型,干预组给予黄芪颗粒剂口服,并以正常SD大鼠为对照组。应用全自动生化分析仪检测尿红细胞、24 h尿蛋白定量、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）活性;应用免疫荧光法检测肾组织冰冻切片IgA免疫复合物沉积情况,利用免疫组织化学方法,观察大鼠肾组织NF-κB p65,MCP-1表达的影响;半定量评分法计算病理积分以观察肾脏病理损害程度。结果：①干预组大鼠的尿红细胞、尿蛋白、尿NAG酶含量较模型组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);②模型组大鼠肾组织NF-κB、MCP-1的表达与干预组、对照组相比均明显增高(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义;③干预组大鼠肾脏病理评分较模型组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01 )。结论：黄芪能减轻模型组大鼠的尿红细胞数、尿蛋白和尿NAG酶活性;能减轻IgA肾病模型大鼠肾小管间质病理损害,其减轻肾小管间质损害作用可能与下调NF-κB,MCP-1表达有关。     

Sickle cell diseases: current therapeutic options and potential pitfalls in preventive therapy for transcranial Doppler abnormalities

Sickle cell disease is an important and common hemoglobinopathy that is highly prevalent worldwide. Recent clinical research has clarified the natural history, and newer, exciting therapeutic maneuvers have been developed, including stem cell transplantation, a curative, albeit toxic strategy. There is a need for early identification of a severe disease profile so that these newer therapeutic interventions can be offered before severe organ damage occurs. Investigative methodologic research by radiologists to discover early organ damage can be important to successful planning of treatment protocols. Stroke is one complication, which, if diagnosed early, can be satisfactorily managed with more aggressive therapy. The advent of transcranial Doppler and MRI have greatly increased the ability to detect early CNS disease.     

动脉粥样硬化幼兔血管壁LOX-1表达水平及意义

目的探讨高胆固醇饮食诱导的早期动脉粥样硬化（AS）幼兔血管壁低密度脂蛋白受体-1（LOX—1）的表达水平及其在粥样硬化血管病变发生发展中的作用。方法16只幼兔随机分为对照组和高脂组,12周后检测外周血脂、腹主动脉组织学变化,RT—PCR法检测腹主动脉血管壁LOX—1、单核细胞化学吸引蛋白质1（MCP—1）和血管细胞间黏附分子-1（VCAM—1）mRNA表达水平,免疫组化检测LOX—1的蛋白表达水平。结果高胆固醇饮食诱导幼兔早期AS模型,高脂组外周血脂、血脂比值,腹主动脉平均内膜厚度（I）、粥样斑块面积（Sp）以及血管壁LOX—1、MCP—1和VCAM—1mRNA表达水平及LOX—1蛋白表达水平均显著高于对照组;LOX—1mRNA表达水平与外周血脂和血脂比值、Sp以及MCP—1和VCAM—1基因表达水平均呈高度正相关。结论高胆固醇饮食所诱导的早期AS存在血管壁LOX-1基因和蛋白表达水平的显著上调,LOX—1是脂质代谢紊乱与AS发生中的炎症和氧化过程及其粥样化病变程度间重要的关联环节。     

川崎病患儿外周血单核细胞趋化蛋白1的表达及其与冠状动脉损害的关系

目的 观测川崎病(KD)患儿单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)的血浆浓度及外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中MCP-1 mRNA表达的变化,并分析其与KD及冠状动脉损害的关系.方法 采用ELISA方法及荧光定量PCR技术测定56例KD患儿急性期与缓解期血浆MCP-1浓度及PBMC中MCP-1 mRNA表达变化,并与60例非感染患儿、66例非KD发热患儿进行比较.结果 KD患儿急性期血浆MCP-1水平[(409.55±97.42)pg/ml]与PBMC中MCP-1 mRNA表达水平(1.97±0.77)明显高于非感染对照组与发热组;KD患儿缓解期血浆MCP-1水平[(301.64±71.55)pg/ml]与PBMC中MCP-1 mRNA表达水平(1.31±0.39)明显高于非感染对照组,与发热组相比差异无统计学意义;KD组中冠状动脉损害者血浆MCP-1水平和PBMC中MCP-1 mRNA表达水平在急性期与缓解期均明显高于无冠状动脉损害者.结论 MCP-1在川崎病患儿体内持续增高,可能参与了促使单个核细胞聚集于冠状动脉局部的趋化作用过程,有可能作为判断KD病情活动状态及冠状动脉损害的免疫学指标之一.     

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and acute kidney injury in children: A comprehensive review

AKI in the setting of HSCT is commonly investigated among adult patients. In the same way, malignancies requiring treatment with HSCT are not limited to the adult patient population, AKI following HSCT is frequently encountered within pediatric patient populations. However, inadequate information regarding epidemiology and pathophysiology specific to pediatric patients prevents development of appropriate and successful therapeutic strategies for those afflicted. Addressing AKI in the context of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, chemotherapy, thrombotic microangiopathy and hypertension post chemotherapy, glomerulonephritis, and graft versus host disease provides greater insight into renal impairment associated with these HSCT‐related ailments. To obtain a better understanding of AKI among pediatric patients receiving HSCT, we investigated the current literature specifically addressing these areas of concern.     

Prospective evaluation of acute and chronic renal function in children following matched related donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Ileri T, Ertem M, Ozcakar ZB, Ince Unal E, Biyikli Z, Uysal Z, Ekim M, Yalcinkaya F. Prospective evaluation of acute and chronic renal function in children following matched related donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14: 138–144. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Abstract:  Acute and chronic renal impairment are important complications after HSCT. A prospective study was conducted to investigate the glomerular renal function in children who received allogeneic HSCT from matched related donors. Non-radiation conditioning regimens were used in all but one patient. CrCl and serial measurements of serum creatinine were evaluated prior to HSCT, within the first 100 days and one yr after. AKI was defined as at least a 1.5-fold rise in pre-HSCT serum creatinine within the first 100 days and classified as grade 1 to 3 according to the new definition criteria proposed by AKI Network. Fifty-seven patients were enrolled in the study and 24 patients (42%) had AKI. CsA, amphotericin B, and SOS were found as risk factors for AKI. One yr after HSCT five patients (10%) had CKD and none of them required dialysis. None of the parameters were found as a predictor for CKD. We conclude that AKI is an important complication of HSCT. Careful monitoring of renal function, minimizing the use of nephrotoxic medication, prophylaxis, and effective treatment of SOS might be effective preventive measures to decrease the incidence of AKI.     

托莫西汀在注意力缺陷多动障碍患儿中的精准药学研究：CYP2D6基因检测和治疗药物监测

约3%的孕妇患有慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）。该文复习了关于CKD母亲（包括透析和肾移植患者）的新生儿结局的文献。文献显示：妊娠合并CKD会增加新生儿发生早产、低出生体重及小于胎龄儿的风险,但不增加发生先天结构畸形的风险;从远期结局来看,对子代体格发育、免疫功能无显著影响;子代的神经发育结局与早产、低出生体重相关,与宫内药物暴露无关。仍需更进一步的研究及随访以探讨CKD母亲的新生儿结局。     

RENAL MEDULLARY CARCINOMA: A Potential Sickle Cell Nephropathy of Children and Adolescents

An extremely aggressive malignant epithelial neoplasm of the kidney has recently been described and named renal medullary carcinoma. The finding of this tumor is highly predictive of drepanocytes (sickle cells) in tissue sections and thus the presence of sickle hemoglobin, specifically sickle cell trait, in the patient. We present a case report of this rare tumor in a 10-year-old male. The tumor displayed a variable histologic architecture including gland-like areas with intra- and extracytoplasmic material resembling mucin with hematoxylin and eosin stain. This material was negative with periodic acid-Schiff and mucicarmine stains, stained only weakly with Alcian Blue, and was positive using antibodies against peanut agglutinin. Tumor cells stained positively with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, vimentin, and Ulex europaeus lectin. The luminal face of tumor cells stained with peanut agglutinin. Stains using antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein were negative. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells were characterized by short microvilli lining the luminal surface and lateral complex infoldings of adjacent plasma membranes. We discuss the relationship of this neoplasm to another renal pelvic neoplasm, collecting duct carcinoma, which may rarely occur in children. Renal medullary carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of gross hematuria, which is most commonly benign self-limited hematuria, in young patients with sickle cell trait.     

常染色体隐性遗传性多囊肾病合并Caroli病一家系报告

常染色体隐性遗传性多囊肾病(autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease,ARPKD)又称婴儿型多囊肾,是肾脏和肝内胆管的遗传性畸形,常见于新生儿期和婴儿期,童年型罕见,可有肝脾肿大、肾功能异常、贫血、高血压、呼吸衰竭等,最终可进展至终末期肾病[1].而Caroli病是一种...     

Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce pain in children with sickle cell disease: A systematic review

Background

Pain is the clinical hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD) leading to hospitalization, psychological sequelae and a decreased health-related quality of life. The aim of this systematic literature review is to evaluate the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in reducing sickle cell related pain in children with SCD.

Methods

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, a comprehensive literature search up until October 2022 was performed to identify studies that investigated the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions on (1) pain frequency and/or intensity, and (2) analgesic and health service use in children with SCD until the age of 21. Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental designed (QED) studies were considered for inclusion.

Results

Ten articles (five RCTs and five QED studies) with 422 participants were included. They investigated cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (n = 5), biofeedback (n = 2), massage (n = 1), virtual reality (n = 1) and yoga (n = 1). The majority of the interventions were psychological (n = 7) and were performed in the outpatient clinic (n = 6). CBT and biofeedback significantly reduced frequency and/or intensity of SCD-related pain in outpatient settings, while virtual reality and yoga significantly reduced pain in inpatient settings. Biofeedback also significantly reduced analgesic use. None of the included articles reported reduced health service use.

Conclusion

Non-pharmacological interventions may be effective in reducing pain in paediatric patients with SCD. However, due to the heterogeneity of the included studies a quantitative analysis could not be performed. Awaiting further supporting evidence, healthcare providers should consider implementing these interventions as valuable part of a comprehensive pain management strategy plan.