年轻人与中年人肝癌肝切除的预后比较:倾向评分匹配分析

目的比较年轻人(18~40岁)和中年人(41~65岁)肝细胞癌(HCC)的临床特点和预后。方法回顾性分析东方肝胆外科医院2008年1月至2010年12月初诊为的HCC患者临床资料,纳入18~65岁行根治性肝切除术的患者,其中年轻组466例、中年组2918例。采用倾向评分匹配法(Propensity Score Matching,PSM)平衡两组间基本资料不均衡的变量并获得匹配患者,采用Log-rank检验Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Cox比例风险模型预测独立危险因素。结果 PSM前,年轻组和中年组1、3、5年累计生存率分别为96.1%、73.0%、42.5%和1、3、5年累计生存率分别为96.5%、76.8%、45.2%,两组间无统计学差异(P=0.139);按1∶1 PSM后分别获得452例患者,1、3、5年累计生存率分别为96.2%、72.3%、41.4%和97.5%、80.6%、48.5%,两组间统计学差异(P=0.004)。亚组分析显示,肿瘤最大径大于3 cm的年轻人肝癌预后较差(P=0.001),而小于3 cm和中年人无差异(P0.05)。多因素分析得出年龄≤40岁、肿瘤最大径3 cm、多发肿瘤、微血管侵犯等4个因素为18~65岁肝癌患者术后死亡的独立危险因素。结论年轻人较中年人肝癌切除术后预后差,且肿瘤最大径3cm的年轻肝癌患者预后更差。     

不同体质指数患者行腹腔镜全子宫切除术的近期临床疗效分析

目的：探讨不同体质指数（body mass index,BMI）的患者行腹腔镜全子宫切除术（total laparoscopic hysterectomy,TLH）的临床治疗效果。方法：回顾分析为244例患者行TLH的临床资料。将患者分为理想、超重和肥胖3组,体重过轻的患者并入理想组。理想组128例（52.5%）,BMI范围17.7~23.9kg/m2;超重组66例（27.0%）,BMI 24.1~27.9kg/m2;肥胖组50例（20.5%）,BMI 28~38.2kg/m2。观察各组病例近期临床治疗效果。结果：理想、超重和肥胖组平均手术时间分别为（81.3±25.5）min、（89.5±27.8）min和（90.7±26.0）min,理想组的手术时间短于其他两组（P〈0.05）,超重组和肥胖组的手术时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。估计术中出血量分别为（41.8±21.3）ml、（47.4±22.7）ml和（47.0±32.8）ml;手术前后血红蛋白含量变化分别为（-6.8±8.4）g/L、（-6.4±8.2）g/L和（-4.4±7.7）g/L;术后肛门排气时间分别为（1.8±0.7）d、（1.9±0.7）d和（1.9±0.7）d;术后平均住院时间分别为（8.3±1.7）d、（8.4±1.3）d和（8.6±1.7）d;术后平均体温第1天分别为（37.0±0.3）℃、（37.0±0.4）℃和（36.9±0.3）℃,第2天分别为（36.8±0.3）℃、（36.9±0.3）℃和（36.8±0.3）℃,第3天分别为（36.7±0.2）℃、（36.7±0.3）℃和（36.7±0.2）℃,3组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。3组总并发症发生率为2%,理想组术中膀胱损伤2例（0.8%）;超重组术后感染3例,包括不明原因的发热2例（0.8%）,上呼吸道感染1例（0.4%）。结论：BMI对TLH的近期临床疗效影响较小。需要全子宫切除的肥胖患者行TLH安全有效,严格掌握腹腔镜的手术适应证,部分肥胖患者可将TLH作为全子宫切除术的新选择。     

Prediction of postoperative complications in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Background

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether advanced age was associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications and identify the predictive factors for postoperative complications in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Between January 2000 and December 2010, 256 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC were investigated. Elderly patients were defined as those aged ≥75 y. The clinicopathologic data and outcomes after hepatectomy for 64 elderly and 192 younger patients were retrospectively collected and compared.

Results

There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications (P = 0.936) or the long-term survival after hepatectomy (P = 0.641) between the elderly and younger patients. In multivariate analysis, the estimation of physiological ability and surgical stress-preoperative risk score (PRS) was an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity in the elderly patients (P < 0.01). Moreover, the patients were analyzed according to the PRS for the assessment of their general preoperative condition and liver damage grade based on the hepatic reserve. The rate of postoperative complications in the patients with a PRS ≥0.5 and liver damage B was significantly higher in the elderly patients (P < 0.01), whereas a PRS and liver damage grade did not affect the incidence of postoperative morbidity in the younger patients (P = 0.516).

Conclusions

Hepatectomy for elderly patients with HCC is feasible as well as safe, and the preoperative assessment using the estimation of physiological ability and surgical stress scoring system, combined with the liver damage grade, can help to improve the safety of this procedure for elderly HCC patients.     

Port site metastases following laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

A laparoscopic approach is being used increasingly in specialist centres for the resection of hepatocellular carcinomas and compares favourably with the traditional open approach, in terms of perioperative morbidity and mortality as well as long-term survival. We present a case of port site recurrence in a patient who underwent a laparoscopic left lateral segmentectomy for a hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed during investigation of symptomatic gallstones. Nearly three years following surgery, surveillance computed tomography demonstrated a suspicious lesion at the site of one of the laparoscopic ports. Further resection was carried out and the lesion was confirmed histologically to be an isolated recurrence of the primary hepatocellular carcinoma, involving peritoneum and adominal wall. This case demonstrates that it is possible to encounter port site metastasis following laparoscopic resection of primary liver tumours although the incidence is very rare.     

腹腔镜与开腹肝叶(段)切除治疗肝癌的近期效果对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜肝叶切除治疗肝癌的近期效果. 方法将2001年1月～2004年6月17例肝癌行腹腔镜肝叶(段)切除者与同期22例肝癌开腹肝切除者进行对比,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、手术前后肝功能和血象、并发症等. 结果腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(中位数300 min vs 145 min,u=107.05,P=0.023).两组术中出血量、输血量相近.腹腔镜组胆红素、丙氨酸转氨酶改变比开腹组小.两组手术前后血象改变无显著差异.腹腔镜组术后无并发症,开腹组有伤口感染、膈下积液、胸腔积液及术后出血各1例. 结论电视腹腔镜肝叶(段)切除治疗肝癌有明显微创效果,安全、有效.     

高龄肝细胞癌病人的临床特点和肝切除的治疗效果

目的探求年龄超过75岁的肝细胞癌能否通过肝切除术获益。方法 2007年1月至2011年1月间796例肝细胞癌进行了根治性肝切除术。68例年龄超过75岁的病人定为高龄病人组,从剩余的728例病人中随机选择500例(年龄小于75岁)作为对照组,两组的临床病理资料和肝切除术后的结果进行了比较。结果同对照组相比较,高龄病人具有较高的丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染发生率(P0.001),较多的术前基础病,如:高血压(P0.001)和冠心病(P0.001),较少的术中出血(P0.001)和较高的术后肺部感染发生率(P0.001),两组其他术后并发症发生率和手术期病死率差异无统计学意义。高龄病人的总体生存率显著低于对照组(P=0.022);但无病生存率两组相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.095)。多因素分析表明,较高的术前甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平和较大的肿瘤直径是影响高龄病人总体生存期和无瘤生存期的独立危险因素。结论尽管总体生存率高龄组较对照组差,但术后无瘤生存率两组比较差异无统计学意义。对于年龄大于75岁的肝细胞癌病人来说,年龄本身不是肝切除术的禁忌证。经过选择的高龄病人可以通过肝切除术获得一定的治疗效果。     

腹腔镜与开腹肝左叶部分切除治疗肝癌的临床疗效分析

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨腹腔镜肝左叶部分切除治疗肝癌的近期及远期临床疗效。方法〓回顾性分析2008年5月~2012年6月我科51例腹腔镜下肝左叶部分切除术(腹腔镜组)与50例开腹肝左叶部分切除术(开腹组)的临床资料,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、并发症、住院费用和生存率、复发率。结果〓腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(128.6±29.7 min vs 106.3±26.5 min, P<0.05),术中出血量多于开腹组(180.5±53.6 mL vs 130.2±44.5 mL, P<0.05),住院时间短于开腹组(6.8±1.4 d vs 11.4±3.0 d,P<0.05),住院费用少于开腹组(3.1±0.5万元 vs 3.3±0.6万元, P<0.05),两组术后并发症发生率(3.9% vs 6.0%)无差异。腹腔镜组中位生存时间为40个月,1、2、3年生存率分别为90.2%、80.4%、68.6%;开腹组中位生存时间为41个月,1、2、 3年生存率分别为90.0%、82.0%、66.0%。腹腔镜组中位无瘤生存时间为29个月,l、2、3年复发率分别为19.6%、45.1%、54.9%;开腹组中位无瘤生存时间为31个月,1、2、3年复发率分别为22.0%、42.0%、50.0%。结论〓腹腔镜肝左叶部分切除安全可行,不影响肝癌患者的预后,与开腹手术相比,具有微创,术后恢复快,住院时间短,费用低的优势。     

Impact of body mass index on hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation through long-term follow-up

BackgroundObesity is associated with increased oncological risk and outcomes but the evidence surrounding the effect of body mass index (BMI) on increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) is still questionable. The purpose of this retrospective study of a large cohort of adult patients transplanted for HCC was to investigate the effect of BMI on the incidence of HCC recurrence and outcome.MethodsData from 427 adult recipients transplanted for HCC between 2000 and 2017 were collected. Patients were classified at time of LT according to the World Health Organization BMI classification into 3 groups; group 1: BMI <25 (n=166), group 2: BMI 25–29.9 (n=150) and group 3: BMI ≥30 (n=111).ResultsThere were no significant changes of mean BMI overtime 26.8±5.0 kg/m2 at time of LT and 28.8±23.1 at 5 years. The recurrence rates of HCC after LT in the three groups were 19%, 16% and 17% respectively. The 5, 10 and 15-year recurrence free survival (RFS) rates were respectively 68.6%, 47.3% and 40.8% in group 1, 73.3%, 66.2% and 49.5% in group 2 and 68.8%, 57.5% and 47.7% in group 3 (log rank P=0.47).ConclusionsRecipient BMI at time of transplant and during follow-up didn’t impact the incidence of HCC recurrence nor long-term patient survival, irrespective to the status of the patients and their tumor characteristic at time of LT. The present study clearly confirms that obesity should not be considered, when selecting patients with HCC to LT, as a predictive factor of recurrence.     

Impact of body mass index on survival of patients with surgically treated renal cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: Population studies link increased BMI with an increased risk of cancer and cancer mortality and in particular a greater risk of RCC. We evaluated the impact of BMI and other clinical/pathological characteristics on survival in patients with RCC treated with radical or partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 2003 patients undergoing radical (760) or partial (399) nephrectomy for RCC were entered into a database. BMI data were available on 1,137 of 1,159 (98%). Demographic and clinical/pathological parameters were analyzed. World Health Organization BMI definitions (normal-less than 25 kg/m(2), overweight-25 to 29.9 kg/m(2), obese-30 kg/m(2) or more) were used. RESULTS: A total of 75% of patients had greater than normal BMI with 472 (41.5%) overweight and 387 (34.0%) obese. Median followup was 33 months with a median overall survival of 110 months and a 5-year overall survival probability of 0.79. BMI categories were similar in age, gender, smoking status, presenting symptoms, tumor size, stage, and type of surgery. Significant increases in blood loss and operative time (p <0.05) were seen with increasing BMI. Although BMI 30 kg/m(2) or greater was associated with a higher proportion of clear cell histology (p = 0.002), it did not translate into an increased pathological stage, or incidence of metastasis. Multivariate analysis revealed age older than 65 years, systemic symptoms, surgery type, and pathological stage impacted overall survival (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although an increased BMI was associated with a greater proportion of clear cell histology, comorbidity, and surgical morbidity, BMI did not adversely impact overall or progression-free survival.     

Perspective of laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

Liver resection(LR) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease(CLD) is associated with high risks of developing significant postoperative complications and multicentric metachronous lesions, which can result in the need for repeated treatments. Studies comparing laparoscopic procedures to open LR consistently report reduced blood loss and transfusionsrequirements, lower postoperative morbidity, and shorter hospital stays, with no differences in oncologic outcomes. In addition, laparoscopic LR is associated with reduced postoperative ascites and a lower incidence of liver failure for HCC patients with CLD, due to the reduced surgery-induced parenchymal injury to the residual liver and limited destruction of the collateral blood/lymphatic flow around the liver. Finally, this procedure facilitates subsequent repeat LR due to minimal adhesion formation and improved vision/manipulation between adhesions. These characteristics of laparoscopic LR may lead to an expansion of the indications for LR. This editorial is based on the review and meta-analysis presented at the 2nd International Consensus Conference on Laparoscopic Liver Resection in Iwate, Japan, in October 2014(Chairperson of the congress is Professor Go Wakabayashi from the Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine), which is published in the Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences.     

体质量指数对机器人辅助腹腔镜全子宫切除术的影响

目的:探讨体质量指数(Body mass index,BMI)对机器人辅助腹腔镜全子宫切除术的影响。方法:收集中国医科大学附属第一医院妇科行机器人辅助腹腔镜全子宫切除术的131例患者的临床资料,根据体质量指数的不同,将患者分为正常体重组(BMI<24kg/m²)、超重组(BMI为24~28kg/m²)和肥胖组(BMI≥28kg/m²),比较三组患者年龄、术前有内科合并症(高血压、冠心病或糖尿病)患者的占比、手术时间、中转开腹率,以及术后血红蛋白下降程度、排气时间、术后住院日等。结果:超重组和肥胖组术前有内科合并症(高血压、冠心病或糖尿病)患者的比例超过正常体重组。而在年龄、手术时间、术后血红蛋白下降程度、排气时间、术后住院日方面,体重正常组与超重组及肥胖组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),所有患者无1例中转开腹。结论:机器人辅助腹腔镜全子宫切除术对于超重及肥胖的患者是安全、可行的,在患者基础条件不佳的情况下,可以获得与正常体重患者相似的术中及术后结局,是一种可以选择的手术方式。     

复发性肝癌再次手术方式的选择:一项基于倾向评分匹配的研究

目的本研究基于倾向评分匹配(PSM)比较挽救性肝移植(sLT)及再次肝切除(RR)的疗效,同时探讨影响复发性肝癌患者预后的危险因素。方法回顾分析2012年1月至2018年8月宁波大学附属李惠利医院124例肝癌切除术后肝内复发再手术的患者,按照再次所行手术方式的不同,分成sLT组(46例)和RR组(78例),通过1∶1倾向评分匹配(PSM),筛选出34例患者用于数据分析,比较匹配前后两组的临床基本资料、总生存期(OS)及无瘤生存期(DFS)来探讨两种手术方式的优劣以及影响患者预后的因素。结果匹配前sLT组的术前血清总胆红素、多发肿瘤的比例、术前行经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)的比例及符合米兰标准的比例均要高于RR组(P<0.05),最大肿瘤直径sLT组要小于RR组(P<0.05);手术时间、术中出血量、微血管侵犯(MVI)阳性率及术后ClavienⅢ级以上的并发症的比例均要高于RR组(P<0.05)。匹配后sLT组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症ClavienⅢ以上的比例均高于RR组(P<0.05);sLT组的1、3、5年OS与RR组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),sLT组的1、3、5年DFS与RR组相比较优(P<0.05);甲胎蛋白(AFP)≥100μg/L是OS的独立危险因素,手术方式、AFP≥100μg/L是DFS的独立危险因素。结论sLT组术前病情更重,手术时间、术中出血量及术后严重并发症率高于RR组;sLT组较RR组可取得更长的DFS,但对OS来说,两组之间差异无统计学意义。     

腹腔镜下微波固化联合手术切除治疗合并严重肝硬化肝癌

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨腹腔镜下微波固化联合手术切除治疗合并严重肝硬化肝癌的可行性和安全性。方法〓回顾分析20例接受腹腔镜下微波固化联合手术切除的合并严重肝硬化的肝癌病例资料。结果〓全组20例病人手术均获得成功,无中转开腹。平均手术时间112.8±25.2 min,术中平均出血量115.5±29.3 mL,平均住院时间10.7±2.5 d。全组病人术后均康复出院,未出现胆漏、腹腔大出血、腹腔感染及肝功能衰竭等并发症。1例病人术后出现肺部感染,2例出现短暂性凝血功能异常,经治疗后均恢复正常。结论〓对于经过选择的合适病例腹腔镜下微波固化联合手术切除治疗合并严重肝硬化的肝癌是安全、可行的。     

Long-term survival outcome of laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

Long-term survival is the most important outcome measurement of a curative oncological treatment. For hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the long-term disease-free and overall survival of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is shown to be non-inferior to the current standard of open liver resection (OLR). Some studies have reported a superior long-term oncological outcome in LLR when compared to OLR. It has been argued that improvement of visualization and instrumentation and reduced operative blood loss and perioperative blood transfusion may contribute to reduced risk of postoperative tumor recurrence. On the other hand, since most of the comparative studies of the oncological outcomes of LLR and OLR for HCC are non-randomized, it remained inconclusive as to whether LLR confers additional survival benefit compared to OLR. Despite the paucity of level 1 evidence, the practice of LLR for HCC has gained wide-spread acceptance due to the reproducible improvements in the perioperative outcomes and non-inferior oncological outcomes demonstrated by large-scaled, matched comparative studies. Meta-analyses of the outcomes of these studies by multiple systematic reviews have also returned noncontradictory conclusions. On the basis of a theoretical advantage of LLR over OLR in preventing tumor recurrence, the current review aims to dissect from the current meta-analyses and comparative studies any evidence of such superiority.     

Long-term surgical outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing laparoscopic vs. open liver resection: A retrospective and propensity score-matched study

Background/objectivesThere is limited availability of well-designed comparative studies using propensity score matching with a sufficient sample size to compare laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) vs. open liver resection (OLR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to compare the feasibility and safety of LLR and OLR in patients with HCC.MethodsWe enrolled 168 patients who underwent elective LLR (n = 58) or OLR (n = 110) for HCC in two tertiary medical centers between November 2009 and December 2018. Patients who underwent LLR were propensity score-matched to patients who underwent OLR in a 1:1 ratio. Perioperative and postoperative outcomes and disease-free and overall survival rates were prospectively evaluated.ResultsAmong the 116 patients analyzed, 58 each belonged to the LLR and OLR groups. We performed 85 segmentectomies or sectionectomies, 19 left-lateral-sectionectomies, 9 left-hemihepatectomies, and 3 right-hemihepatectomies. There was no significant difference in age, sex, Child-Pugh class, original liver disease, preoperative alpha-fetoprotein, tumor size, tumor location, overall morbidity, and operative time. There was a significant difference in the length of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (LLR vs OLR; 8 vs 10 days, p = 0.003). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates in the LLR and OLR groups were 96.6%, 92.8%, and 73.3% and 93.1%, 88.8%, and 76.1%, respectively (p = 0.642). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates in the LLR and OLR groups were 84.4%, 64.0%, and 60.2% and 93.1%, 67.4%, and 63.9%, respectively (p = 0.391).ConclusionLLR for HCC can be performed safely with acceptable short-term and long-term outcomes compared with OLR.     

解剖性肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的安全性及疗效探讨

目的探讨解剖性肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的安全性以及临床疗效。方法38例肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的患者分为2组：解剖性肝切除术组15例，非解剖性肝切除术组23例，对两组病例的手术和随访情况进行分析评价。结果两组患者均无手术死亡，术中出血、并发症发生率、住院时间差异无统计学意义。解剖性肝切除标本切缘满意率（〉2cm）较高、术后近期复发率显著降低，1年无瘤生存率高于非解剖性肝切除。结论解剖性肝切除术是治疗原发性肝癌安全有效的术式，对有适应证的病例应尽可能采用此种手术方式，有望获得较好的疗效。     

腹腔镜解剖性肝切除治疗位于中央部位肝癌单中心经验

目的探讨腹腔镜解剖性肝切除治疗中央部位肝细胞癌的安全性和可行性。方法2015年1月至2019年12月,12例肿瘤位于肝中央部位的肝细胞癌患者在佛山市第一人民医院肝脏外科实施了腹腔镜肝切除;其中男9例、女3例,平均年龄(55.5±6.8)岁,平均肿瘤直径(3.7±2.5)cm,术前肝脏储备功能ICG-R15(3.9±2.82)%,肝功能Child-Pugh分级A级。实施肝Ⅳ~Ⅷ段切除5例、肝Ⅴ~Ⅷ段切除6例、肝Ⅳ段切除1例。统计分析手术时间、手术切缘、术中出血量、术后并发症及住院时间等。结果12例患者均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无中转开腹,平均手术时间(398.8±115.4)min,平均术中出血量(420.8±279.2)ml,有1例输血,术后平均住院时间(9.1±2.2)d,无围手术期死亡病例,术后并发症包括肝断面出血1例、胆漏1例、膈下包裹性积液1例,平均手术切缘(1.2±0.6)cm。结论对位于肝中央部位的肝细胞癌,行解剖性肝Ⅳ~Ⅷ段切除、肝Ⅴ~Ⅷ段切除以及肝Ⅳ段切除是安全、可行的。采取肝内Glissonian鞘外的方法预先控制肝蒂有利于掌握断肝平面,术前精准的评估,术中有效的控制出血以及娴熟的腔镜外科技术能有效帮助术者安全实施手术。     

术后肝动脉栓塞化疗对肝癌合并门脉癌栓患者手术疗效的影响及预后因素分析

目的 探讨术后肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)对肝癌(HCC)合并门脉癌栓手术切除疗效的影响并分析其预后因素.方法 2005年至2009年共358例患者接受了HCC切除术,其中55例合并门脉主干和(或)一级分支癌栓.收集该组病例的临床和随访资料.按术后是否接受TACE治疗分为A组(术后TACE组)和B组(术后非TACE组).统计分析两组可能影响预后的临床资料差异,重点考察术后TACE对手术疗效的影响及其可能影响预后的因素.结果 55例患者中术后接受TACE治疗者29例,未接受26例,二组临床资料比较差异无统计学意义.55例总1、2、3年生存率分别为63.3％、51.4％和43.5％,中位生存时间为26.0个月.其中A组1、2和3年生存率分别为71.4％、60.1％和50.1％,B组为56.7％、21.7％和10.4％ (P＜0.001).术后TACE无论在单因素分析还是在多因素分析中均为显著影响术后生存的因素.此外,肿瘤多发、肝静脉癌栓、肝内转移、浸润型癌栓在单因素分析中是预后差的显著相关因素.多因素分析中,浸润型癌栓、肝静脉癌栓及肝内转移是预后不佳的独立相关因素.结论 部分HCC合并门脉一级分支和主干癌栓患者手术切除后可获得较长的术后生存期.术后TACE可显著改善此类患者的预后,其他影响预后的因素有浸润型癌栓、肝静脉癌栓及肝内转移.     

A review of the prognostic factors in patients with recurrence after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation achieves better results when hepatocellular carcinoma fits the Milan criteria. This study investigated predictors of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma exceeding the Milan criteria. METHODS: Among 285 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma fitting the Milan criteria who underwent curative resection, 143 patients suffered initial recurrence (92 had tumors fitting the criteria) and 71 patients suffered a second recurrence (40 conforming tumors). RESULTS: Survival after hepatectomy was significantly worse when initial recurrence was nonconforming. Similarly, survival after initial recurrence was significantly worse when the second recurrence was nonconforming. A preoperative increase of protein induced by vitamin K absence/antagonist II, a tumor diameter of 3 cm or greater, age of 65 years or younger, and intraoperative blood transfusion increased the risk of nonconforming initial recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplantation should be considered initially for younger patients with hepatocellular carcinoma fitting the Milan criteria, larger tumors, and an increase of protein induced by vitamin K absence/antagonist II.