急性缺血性卒中动脉溶栓和取栓治疗的研究进展

发病时间窗内采用静脉溶栓是治疗急性缺血性卒中的首选方法。然而对于大血管闭塞性 脑梗死,静脉溶栓血管再通率偏低,血管内治疗可提高血管再通率。本文主要对动脉溶栓及机械取 栓的研究进展进行综述,旨在指导未来的临床工作。     

Impact of Treatment Time on the Long-Term Outcome of Stroke Patients Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy

Objective

To assess the long-term functional outcome of stroke in patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) performed during work hours (on-hours) versus after-hours, weekends, and official holidays (off-hours).

Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Pregnancy

Intravenous recombinant tissue-plasminogen-activator (rtPA) and mechanical-thrombectomy (MT) are currently the only approved treatments for acute ischemic stroke. Their effectiveness was demonstrated in several clinical trials, and is therefore standard of care. Pregnant women were not included in these studies and consequently the effectiveness and safety in this group are unclear. We present a rare case of a patient in the third-trimester of pregnancy that underwent MT. A 29-year-old woman of 39 weeks’ gestation presented with left facial-paresis, hemiparesis, and neglect. Her CT-Angiogram showed a large occlusive thrombus within the right M1-M2 segments. During pregnancy she had developed thrombocytopenia. There was initial treatment decision dilemma. In view of her history of thrombocytopenia, there was concern about administering rtPA due to the risk of bleeding. As the thrombus was large, rtPA may also be ineffective. MT was proposed by the Stroke Physician as the preferred treatment option. A concern from the Interventional-Radiologist was the risk of exposure to radiation and contrast agents. As the patient had a disabling stroke at a young age, decision was made to proceed with MT which started 141 minutes after symptom onset. The clot was aspirated without complications. Final check angiogram showed complete resolution of flow within the right middle cerebral artery territory. The patient underwent elective uncomplicated Caesarean-section 5 days later delivering a healthy new born. Severe stroke in pregnancy is rare, but has grave consequences for both mother and infant. Timely decision-making is crucial. Our case demonstrates that MT can be provided safely and effectively in the third trimester of pregnancy.     

Clinical Outcomes of Valvular versus Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Anterior Circulation Occlusive Stroke Undergoing Endovascular Treatment

Background

Thrombectomy is the first choice for cardioembolism due to atrial fibrillation (AF), however, whether valvular AF and nonvalvular AF had different safety and functional outcomes has not been reported yet. We aimed to investigate the differences between patients with valvular AF and patients with nonvalvular AF on safety and functional outcomes in acute large artery occlusion undergoing thrombectomy.

支架样取栓装置对急性缺血性卒中血管再通治疗临床效果观察

目的 探讨应用支架样取栓装置对前循环大动脉闭塞所致急性缺血性卒中患者机械取栓治疗的临 床效果。 方法 连续纳入采用支架样取栓装置治疗的前循环急性颅内大动脉近端闭塞患者。分析纳入患 者的临床特征、影像学资料、治疗及术后90 d临床随访结果。以术后90 d改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale,mRS）评分为主要指标评估治疗有效性,以症状性颅内出血率、术后90 d死亡率评估治疗 的安全性。 结果 共纳入30例患者,29例应用Solitaire,1例应用Trevo。平均年龄（65.97±11.67）岁。入院时美国 国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分中位数13.50（9.75, 18.00）。包括颈内动脉闭塞9例,大脑中动脉M1段闭塞20例,大脑前动脉A1段闭塞1例。术后90 d随访, 56.7%（17/30）患者预后良好（mRS评分0～2分）。术后发生症状性颅内出血率13.3%（4/30）,术后 90 d死亡率20%（6/30）。 结论 支架样取栓装置在前循环大动脉闭塞性急性缺血性卒中取栓治疗中临床效果较好,其有效 性、安全性能够在真实世界中得到体现,是治疗急性颅内大动脉闭塞的有效方法。     

Trends in Interhospital Transfers and Mechanical Thrombectomy for United States Acute Ischemic Stroke Inpatients

Objective: Stroke care in the US is increasingly regionalized. Many patients undergo interhospital transfer to access specialized, time-sensitive interventions such as mechanical thrombectomy. Methods: Using a stratified survey design of the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2009-2014) we examined trends in interhospital transfers for ischemic stroke resulting in mechanical thrombectomy. International Classification of Disease—Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes were used to identify stroke admissions and inpatient procedures within endovascular-capable hospitals. Regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with patient outcomes. Results: From 2009-2014, 772,437 ischemic stroke admissions were identified. Stroke admissions that arrived via interhospital transfer increased from 12.5% to 16.8%, 2009-2014 (P-trend < .001). Transfers receiving thrombectomy increased from 4.0% to 5.2%, 2009-2014 (P-trend?=?.016), while those receiving tissue plasminogen activator increased from 16.0% to 20.0%, 2009-2014 (P-trend < .001). One in 4 patients receiving thrombectomy were transferred from another acute care facility (n?=?6,014 of 24,861). Compared to patients arriving via the hospital “front door” receiving mechanical thrombectomy, those arriving via transfer were more often from rural areas and received by teaching hospitals with greater frequency of thrombectomy. Those arriving via interhospital transfer undergoing thrombectomy had greater odds of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01-1.42) versus “front door” arrivals. There were no differences in inpatient mortality (AOR 1.11, 95% CI: .93-1.33). Conclusions: From 2009 to 2014, interhospital stroke transfers to endovascular-capable hospitals increased by one-third. For every ～15 additional transfers over the time period one additional patient received thrombectomy. Optimization of transfers presents an opportunity to increase access to thrombectomy.     

急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗无效再通的研究进展

血管内治疗是急性大血管闭塞性卒中的重要治疗手段。有研究表明,超过40%接受血管内 治疗的患者虽然术后血管造影显示闭塞的颅内动脉已实现再通,但不能获得90 d功能独立,即无效再 通。无效再通严重影响血管内治疗的疗效,近年来逐渐引起临床重视。目前多项研究对无效再通的 相关机制及影响因素展开了探索,旨在寻找有效的干预措施,减少无效再通的发生,为改善血管内治 疗患者的预后提供依据。     

Early Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Brain Stem Score for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy

Background

The diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) brain stem score (BSS) is an easy to use and can predict the clinical outcome of acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) who underwent endovascular thrombectomy. The purpose of the current study was to validate its performance in Chinese acute BAO patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy.