Circumferential endoscopic resection of Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade dysplasia or early adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Barrett's esophagus-related high-grade dysplasia or mucosal cancer can be treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), but the adjacent metaplastic epithelium remains at risk for developing further lesions. Our objective was to evaluate the results of the circumferential EMR in removing not only the neoplastic lesion but also the remaining Barrett's epithelium. METHODS: Forty-one consecutive patients (mean age: 66 years) with Barrett's esophagus were submitted to 63 EMR sessions in one single-referral endoscopic unit. All patients had high-grade dysplasia, and cancer was detected in 23 of these cases, most of them classified as T1N0 (20 patients) by endosonography. Mucosectomy after saline submucosal injection was performed for the neoplastic lesions and, if necessary, the residual Barrett's epithelium was removed by the same technique one month later. RESULTS: A retrospective evaluation showed that, during a mean follow-up of 31.6 months, Barrett's epithelium was completely replaced by squamous epithelium in 31 (75.6%) cases. There were 10 complications, all of which were managed endoscopically: 8 cases of bleeding and two perforations occurred in 9 (14.3%) patients. One patient developed an esophageal stricture. Barrett's epithelium recurred in 10 (24.4%) patients and recurrent or metachronous early cancer was detected in 5 (12.2%), all but one of which were treated again by EMR; the fifth patient was referred to surgery. Argon plasma coagulation was used in 6 cases to treat Barrett's epithelium, and two patients received concomitant chemoradiotherapy as adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential EMR provides an effective endoscopic approach to the management of Barrett's esophagus-related high-grade dysplasia and mucosal cancer. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term results.     

The modern treatment of early gastric cancer: our experience in an Italian cohort

Background  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been developed as treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) by Japanese authors. However, there are no reports about its possible implementation in the Western setting. The aim of the present work is to determine the safety and efficacy of the endoscopic treatments for EGC in an Italian cohort. Methods  Forty-five patients for a total of 48 gastric lesions were enrolled in the study. Thirty-six EMR procedures were performed with the strip biopsy technique using a double-channel endoscope. En bloc resection refers to resection in one piece, while piecemeal refers to resections in which the lesion was removed in multiple fragments. A total of 12 ESD were performed and completed with IT knife. We define as curative treatment lateral and vertical margins of the resected specimens free of cancer and repeat endoscopic finding of no recurrent disease. Results  Out of 36 EMR procedures, 10 were piecemeal resections (28%), while 26 were en bloc (72%). ESD led to en bloc resection in 11/12 cases (92%). Histological assessment of curability in the EMR group was achieved in 56% of the cases, and in 92% of the ESD group. Mean follow-up period was 31 months (range: 12–71 months). There was no local recurrence or distant metastasis in the curative group patients. Conclusions  These results seem to confirm the safety and the clinical efficacy of the ESD procedure in the Western world too.     

内镜下黏膜切除术治疗消化道早期癌和癌前病变

目的探讨内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)在治疗消化道肿瘤中的临床应用价值。方法对2001年4月至2005年12月间行EMR治疗的28例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果28例患者共计42个病灶。内镜分型：隆起型(Ⅰ型)9个,其中亚蒂型(Ⅰsp)2个,无蒂型(Ⅰs)7个；平坦型(Ⅱ型)33个,其中平坦隆起型(Ⅱa)23个,平坦隆起加平坦凹陷型(Ⅱa加Ⅱc)4个。表面平坦型(Ⅱb)6个。直接用圈套器切除38个病灶；另4个用透明帽切除病灶大小为0．6 cm×0．6 cm至3．0 cm×3．5 cm,均为扁平病灶。40个病灶取到组织进行病理检查,36个病灶(90．0%)获完全切除,其中2个病灶2次分割切除、1个病灶3次分割切除；4个病灶未完全切除；另2个病灶无病理结果,无法判断是否完全切除和进行病理分型。切除后病灶的组织学分型：早期癌4个(活检仅1个)；重度不典型增生11个(活检仅8个),中度17个(活检20个)；单纯腺瘤6个(活检7个)；非腺瘤性息肉2个(活检4个)；24个病灶(60．0%)手术前后病理诊断一致；EMR术后病理诊断早期癌和重度不典型增生较活检比例高。全组术中未发生大出血或穿孔等严重并发症。有5次在切除后局部出现少量渗血。结论EMR操作简单、安全,病灶切除完全。     

基层医院开展内镜下黏膜切除术的临床体会

目的探讨基层医院开展内镜下黏膜切除术的特点与注意事项。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年12月我们对结直肠黏膜可疑病灶行内镜下黏膜切除术的17例患者的临床资料。结果结直肠黏膜可疑病灶的17例患者均行的内镜下黏膜切除术,取材完整;病理检查均为早期结直肠癌,切缘无癌浸润;创面出血少。结论在基层医院对结直肠黏膜可疑病灶行内镜下黏膜切除术是能够一次性完成诊断与治疗的,具有费用低、操作简单的应用价值。     

A prospective analysis of extended endoscopic mucosal resection for large rectal villous adenomas: an alternative technique to transanal endoscopic microsurgery

INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic mucosal resection is a safe resection tool for selected flat, sessile and lateral spreading tumours of the colon. Transanal microsurgical resection of select rectal neoplastic lesions is another accepted modality. Recent data suggests transanal microsurgery may have high complication rates. We conducted a prospective clinicopathological evaluation of an extended endoscopic mucosal resection technique for highly selected lesions of the rectum and assessed outcome data over a maximal 24-month period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-three patients with known rectal neoplastic lesions underwent chromoscopic colonoscopy and on-table staging using a high-frequency (12.5 MHz) mini-probe EUS by a single endoscopist. Patients with T2 or node positive disease were referred for surgery. Following extended endoscopic mucosal resection patients were followed-up at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post 'index' resection with chromoscopic endoscopy and EUS. Procedural complications, recurrence rates and outcome data were collected. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. Median procedure time was 48 mins (range 32-126). Lateral spreading tumours (median diameter 30 mm; range 18-42 mm) and sessile lesions (median diameter 38 mm; range 25-86 mm) accounted for 19% and 81% of lesions, respectively. Ninety-seven percent of patients undergoing EMR were discharged within 6-h of procedure. Thirty-day re-admission and death rate was 0%. Bleeding complications occurred in 5/62 (8%) of patients with all achieving complete haemostasis using endo clips. None required transfusion. There were no procedural related complications or perforations. Overall 'cure' rate at a median follow-up of 16 months was 98%. CONCLUSIONS: Extended endoscopic mucosal resection for rectal neoplastic lesions can achieve superior results to those of per-anal excision and trans-anal microsurgery with regard to complications and recurrence rates. Extended endoscopic mucosal resection may be an alternative therapeutic modality in selected patients.     

Reliability of endoscopic esophageal mucosectomy using TxHood,a multipurpose treatment hood

Endoscopic mucosectomy, comprising both endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), is a minimally invasive treatment for patients with early esophageal carcinoma. The use of ESD is appropriate for mucosal lesions of any size. However, ESD techniques are relatively difficult and can lead to serious complications such as perforation and massive bleeding, which have been reported more frequently after ESD than after EMR. This study describes a novel technique for ESD using a newly designed multipurpose treatment hood (TxHood) as well as basic experiments to ensure its safety. The TxHood includes various therapeutic tools such as an electric needleknife, a snare wire, and an injection needle, and the lines can be selected freely before insertion of an enodoscope covered by a TxHood. The main techniques for ESD are endoscopic submucosal saline injections on demand through a working channel of the endoscope or TxHood and a cut or swing cut with a needleknife attached to the TxHood. Moreover, the target area can be grasped with a grasping forceps through a working channel of the endoscope to obtain effective countertraction. In these experiments, an electric needleknife set parallel to the shaft of the endoscope offered safety and ease of handling for the dissecting procedures. Altogether, 16 resections of mucosa with an average size of 3.5 × 2.5 cm (range, 2 × 2 to 7 × 4 cm) were performed. The average time required for each targeted endoscopic resection area was about 15 min. No perforations or instances of uncontrollable bleeding occurred. In conclusion, this basic study demonstrates that the new ESD technique with the TxHood provides a useful treatment for early esophageal carcinoma and may be applicable for all mucosal or submucosal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. Presented at the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) 2006 meeting in Dallas, April 2006, during the New Technology session.     

内镜黏膜切除术治疗消化道无蒂及亚蒂息肉

目的探讨内镜黏膜切除术（endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR）治疗消化道无蒂及亚蒂息肉的安全性及效果。方法 2010年6月～2012年4月,胃息肉85例（88枚）、大肠息肉62例（113枚）,直径〈1.0 cm 95枚,1.0～2.0 cm 101枚,2.0～3.5 cm 5枚;无蒂72枚,亚蒂129枚。最多一例为5枚。采用黏膜下注射-切除法治疗直径〈2.0 cm的无蒂或亚蒂胃、大肠息肉;透明帽负压吸引切除（EMR-C）治疗直径〉2.0 cm的无蒂胃息肉,圈套困难的直径〈2.0 cm的无蒂及亚蒂胃息肉;分片黏膜切除术（endoscopic picemeal mucosal resection,EPMR）治疗直径〉2.0 cm的亚蒂胃息肉,直径〉2.0 cm的无蒂、亚蒂大肠息肉。结果 1枚胃窦部扁平息肉行EMR-C;5枚直径〉2.5 cm的大肠亚蒂、无蒂息肉行EPMR;其余均行黏膜下注射-切除法。术中、术后无出血、穿孔。术后病理检查增生性息肉69枚,管状腺瘤64枚,炎性息肉47枚,管状绒毛状腺瘤10枚,绒毛状腺瘤5枚,锯齿状腺瘤2枚,腺瘤伴高级别上皮内瘤变2例（2枚）,腺瘤伴局部癌变2例（2枚）。腺瘤伴高级别上皮内瘤变的2例中,1例行肠段切除术,术后病理检查未见病变残留;1例EMR术后6个月未复查。腺瘤伴局部癌变的2例中,1例即行结肠癌根治术,术后病理直肠黏膜局部缺损,未见病变残留,区域淋巴结转移癌;1例拒绝手术,亦未复查。16例胃息肉及10例肠息肉术后1年内镜复查,2例肠息肉术后2年肠镜复查,均未见息肉复发。结论采用EMR治疗无蒂和亚蒂息肉安全、有效。     

内镜下分片黏膜切除术治疗早期食管癌及癌前病变

目的评价内镜下分片黏膜切除术(endoscopy piecemeal mucosal resection,EPMR)对早期食管癌及癌前病变治疗的可行性及疗效。方法 2005年1月～2011年1月,应用EPMR治疗110例111处病灶,病灶直径2～10 cm。黏膜下注射肾上腺素-亚甲蓝溶液,病灶充分抬举后,使用透明帽法对病灶进行分片切除。结果上皮内瘤变92处,早期食管癌19处。完全切除96处(86.5%),不完全切除15处(13.5%)。出血率5.4%(6/111),穿孔率6.3%(7/111),不同病变直径、切除标本数量、病变环周范围的出血、穿孔发生率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。食管狭窄8例(7.2%),病变范围>1/3周、标本≥5片的狭窄率更高[病变范围>1/3周vs.≤1/3周:18.2%(6/33)vs.2.6%(2/78),χ2=6.283,P=0.012;标本≥5片vs.2～4片:15.8%(6/38)vs.2.7%(2/73),χ2=4.562,P=0.033]。110例随访6周～5年1个月,其中58例>2年。17处病灶复发(15.3%)。不完全切除、病灶范围>1/3周、标本≥5片的局部复发率更高[不完全切除vs.完全切除:40.0%(6/15)vs.11.5%(11/96),χ2=6.096,P=0.014;病变范围>1/3周vs.≤1/3周:30.3%(10/33)vs.9.0%(7/78),χ2=8.134,P=0.004;标本≥5片vs.2～4片:28.9%(11/38)vs.8.2%(6/73),χ2=8.279,P=0.004]。结论 EPMR适用于食管癌前病变的治疗,对早期食管癌需进一步验证。     

早期结直肠癌非治愈性内镜切除术后追加腹腔镜手术的临床分析

目的 探讨早期结直肠癌非治愈性内镜切除术后追加腹腔镜手术的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2020年12月间于华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院经非治愈性内镜切除术后追加腹腔镜手术的早期结直肠癌病人的临床资料.结果 全组共35例病人,其中男性20例,女性15例,年龄(59.1±9.4)岁.肿瘤位于右半结肠6例...     

Twenty-two metachronous multiple signet-ring cell carcinomas treated with repeated gastrectomies and repeated endoscopic mucosal resections: Report of a case

A 45-year-old Japanese woman underwent an endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for early gastric cancer at the Cancer Institute Hospital in July 1996. The patient then underwent a distal gastrectomy in 2002 because of a new early gastric cancer and repeated EMR for a total of six early gastric cancers in 2007. Finally, a total gastrectomy was performed in February 2008. The pathological examination of the resected specimen indicated 14 synchronous multiple early gastric cancers. Although the incidence of multiple gastric cancers has been reported to range from 5% to 15%, there is usually only a double or triple lesion. Moreover, multiple gastric cancer is typically observed in male elderly patients as differentiated adenocarcinomas. The present case was a young female patient and all of the lesions were intramucosal signet-ring cell adenocarcinomas. The carcinogenetic mechanism in this case may therefore be different from that in typical multiple gastric cancers. A thorough preoperative examination and regular postoperative follow-up are therefore essential for detecting multiple gastric cancers in their early stages.     

内镜下黏膜切除术及黏膜剥离术治疗早期胃癌和癌前病变的疗效对比研究

目的对比分析内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）和内镜下黏膜剥离术（ESD）对治疗早期胃癌（EGC）和癌前病变的效果和安全性。 方法选取2015年1月至2016年1月无锡市第二人民医院收治的60例EGC和癌前病变患者为研究对象,根据治疗方式分为EMR组（32例）和ESD组（28例）,对比分析两组患者的手术时间、禁饮禁食时间、术中出血情况、术后病理、整块切除率、治愈性切除率、肿瘤局部复发率、肿瘤残留率和术中、术后不良反应及预后情况。 结果ESD组患者手术时间长于EMR组［（53.35±7.12）min vs（34.23±5.74）min,t=2.009,P=0.043］,术中出血量多于EMR组［（10.26±3.42）ml vs（3.35±0.71）ml,t=2.511,P=0.018］,差异有统计学意义。ESD组患者病灶整块切除率（92.9% vs 62.5%,χ²=7.693,P=0.006）及治愈性切除率（78.6% vs 43.8%,χ²=7.545,P=0.006）均高于EMR组患者,差异有统计学意义。ESD组不良反应率为14.3%（4/28）,高于EMR组的3.1%（1/32）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=8.765,P=0.001）。两组患者术后2年总生存率比较,差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.643,P=0.423）。 结论与EMR相比,ESD可能是治疗EGC及癌前病变的一种较为安全有效的手术方式。     

内镜下治疗早期胃癌及癌前病变的安全性分析

目的：探讨内镜下黏膜切除术（ endoscopic mucosal resection , EMR ）和黏膜剥离术（ endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）治疗早期胃癌及高级别上皮内瘤变的安全性。方法2009年2月～2014年4月,对胃镜、色素内镜、内镜窄带成像（ narrow band imaging ,NBI）、超声胃镜发现的早期胃癌及高级别上皮内瘤变85例进行EMR或ESD治疗。16例病变位于黏膜层、病灶＜5 mm者行EMR,其余行ESD。结果85例病变均成功切除,其中EMR 16例,ESD 69例。81例（95．3％）整块切除,4例（4．7％）分次切除。80例（94．1％）完整切除,5例（5．9％）病灶残留,其中切缘残留2例,基底部残留3例。手术时间15～69 min,平均40 min。术后病理证实高级别上皮内瘤变34例,黏膜内癌4例,黏膜上皮层癌3例,黏膜固有层癌11例,黏膜肌层癌23例,黏膜下层癌10例。术中出血3例（3．5％）,用氩离子凝固（argon plasma coagulation,APC）、热活检钳电凝或金属止血夹夹闭处理后成功止血。术中穿孔3例（3．5％）,均为ESD治疗者,穿孔直径＜10 mm,均用金属夹成功夹闭;术后迟发型出血7例（8．2％）,口服肾上腺素盐水及静脉药物止血、抑酸等治疗后缓解,无迟发型大出血。追加外科手术8例（9．4％）,其中5例因病灶残留,2例因ESD术后病理结果为病变侵及黏膜下层,无病灶残留,但病理类型为低分化腺癌,1例36岁患者ESD术后病理为中分化腺癌。无死亡病例。结论 EMR、ESD在治疗早期胃癌及高级别上皮内瘤变中完整切除率高,安全性高。     

Laparoscopic wedge resection for gastric perforation after endoscopic mucosal resection: report of a case

We performed laparoscopic wedge resection to treat gastric perforation that occurred as a complication of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in a 53-year-old man. We believe this is an appropriate procedure to treat gastric perforation after EMR for early gastric cancer because it is safe and minimally invasive, and faster recovery can be expected than after conservative therapy. Received: October 31, 2001 / Accepted: March 5, 2002     

Endoscopic resection of early-stage esophageal cancer

Summary Early-stage esophageal cancerous lesions in four clinical cases were endoscopically resected via a newly developed procedure, endoscopic esophageal mucosal resection using a transparent tube (EMRT). In the complete resection of cancer-bearing mucosa, more than half of the circumferential mucosal resections did not involve major complications such as perforation or massive bleeding. Large ulcers artificially induced by this procedure disappeared within 3 weeks, exhibiting no stenotic changes. Resected specimens contributed well to microscopic examination for histological classification and determination of the depth of cancer invasion and possible vascular involvement. No signs of recurrence were observed during the 15-month follow-up period. We conclude that EMRT is a safe and minimally invasive local treatment for early-stage esophageal cancer that also provides specimens that are suitable for accurate histopathological diagnosis.     

放大肠镜在结直肠肿瘤样病变诊断治疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨应用放大肠镜诊断结直肠肿瘤样病变及指导治疗的价值。方法 用放大肠镜对61例结直肠肿瘤患者的78个病灶进行了染色后的放大观察，按工藤分型进行了腺管开口类型诊断；同步进行镜下摘除或手术切除后，将放大肠镜诊断结果与组织病理诊断结果相比较，分析其一致性。结果（1）依据放大肠镜所见，诊断腺瘤等肿瘤性病变，总体符合率为96.2％，敏感性98.4％，特异性85.7％；（2）依据放大肠镜的诊断，对70个（89.7％）良性病变进行了同步微创治疗；（3）结合放大观察的肠镜检查，为决定其他8个病灶的治疗方案提供了重要依据。结论 放大电子肠镜诊断结直肠肿瘤样病变及时、准确，利用它可以同步完成病变的微创治疗。     

内镜下黏膜多环套扎切除术治疗食管癌前病变和食管早癌的近期疗效和安全性分析

目的探讨内镜下黏膜多环套扎切除术（EMBL）治疗食管癌前病变和早癌的近期疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2012年1-11月在复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心接受EMBL治疗的21例食管癌前病变和早期食管癌患者的临床资料,总结治疗效果及术后并发症发生情况。结果21例患者均顺利完成EMBL术。手术时间（21．0±8．3）min。术后无皮下气肿、纵隔气肿、气胸及迟发性出血病例。2例患者术后1个月出现食管创面狭窄,经气囊扩张术后症状缓解。术后病理示：中度不典型增生1例,中-重度不典型增生2例,重度不典型增生10例,原位癌2例,早期鳞癌6例。除1例早期鳞癌患者因癌灶距离切缘仅1mm,遂追加开胸食管癌根治术外,其余患者切缘均阴性。随访期间未见复发病例。结论EMBL术可有效治愈食管癌前病变和早期食管癌,具有微创、安全、操作简单的优点。     

Laparoscopic management for local recurrence of early gastric cancer after endoscopic mucosal resection

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a widely accepted technique for early gastric cancer because it is minimally invasive; however, incomplete resection with subsequent cancer recurrence in the remnant remains a difficult problem. Generally, the margins of the local recurrence lesions are unclear, and second EMR is difficult to perform because of scar formation after the first EMR. We performed a laparoscopic treatment on six patients with residual lesions after EMR and reviewed the safety and efficacy of this management. Laparoscopic management consisted of two techniques: laparoscopic wedge resection with a lesion-lifting method and laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy with mini-laparotomy. Cancerous lesions were completely resected with sufficient surgical margins circumferentially. Mean operative time was 171 min, mean estimated blood loss was 16.5 g, time to first walking was 1 day, duration of epidural analgesia was 2.2 days, and mean length of hospital stay was 13.5 days. There were no intra- and postoperative complications, no conversion to open surgery, and no recurrence after surgery. No patients died of gastric cancer during a median follow-up of 60.3 months (range, 38–84). Laparoscopic management for residual lesions of early gastric cancer after EMR is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive procedure by which curative resection can be expected.Part of this article was presented at the Fifth International Gastric Cancer Congress, Rome, Italy, May 2003, and also at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Denver, Colorado, USA, March–April 2004     

Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with laparoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy after endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer

Background There has been a trend toward minimally invasive treatment of early gastric cancer. We report the preliminary results of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with laparoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy after endoscopic mucosal resection. Methods Six patients underwent laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy after endoscopic mucosal resection between February 2002 and October 2005 at Mie University Hospital. These patients first underwent laparoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy and then laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy. Results No patient underwent conversion to open surgery during the operation. None of the patients had any postoperative complications. The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 11.3 days. Sentinel lymph nodes were identified laparoscopically in five patients. There were 20 sentinel and 85 nonsentinel lymph nodes in the six patients. Postoperatively, tissue sections showed that none of the lymph nodes were metastasized. Immunohistochemistry with D2-40 antibody showed that there were normal lymphatics in the submucosal layer with mucosal defects at the endoscopic mucosal resection site. No patients had any tumor recurrence during followup. Conclusions Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy after endoscopic mucosal resection was a safe and curative procedure. Endoscopic mucosal resection before sentinel lymph node biopsy was acceptable for early gastric cancer.     

内镜下治疗伴发静脉曲张的上消化道早癌患者的出血风险

目的研究内镜下治疗伴发食管胃静脉曲张的上消化道早癌患者的出血风险。方法回顾性分析2005年4月至2011年8月行内镜下治疗伴发食管胃底静脉曲张的7例上消化道早癌患者的临床资料。静脉曲张采用LDRf分型进行分型。对于早癌或癌前病变采用内镜下黏膜剥离术（ESD）或内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）治疗。结果本组7例患者行ESD或EMR,7例患者中4例早期胃癌,3例早期食管癌;6例食管静脉曲张,1例胃底静脉曲张。均完整切除病变,内镜下早癌治疗术中及术后均未发生静脉曲张出血。结论内镜下治疗伴发食管胃静脉曲张的上消化道早癌不增加静脉曲张的出血风险。     

Endoscopic characteristics of gastric adenomas suggesting carcinomatous transformation

Background  Currently, endoscopic resections, including endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), are widely performed for the management of gastric neoplasia. This study aimed to evaluate the potential predictive factors for carcinomas on the basis of endoscopic features. Methods  This study investigated 114 samples from 114 patients. Gastric adenoma was diagnosed initially for all the patients. The endoscopic findings were reviewed for location, size, gross appearance, surface nodularity, ulceration, surface color, and number of biopsy samples. These variables were analyzed and compared between an adenoma group (51 cases) and a carcinoma group (63 cases) on the basis of postresection diagnosis. Results  The mean age of the patients was 62 years (range, 43–82 years), and 83 of the patients were men. The diameter of the lesions was 14.6 ± 8.2 mm in the adenoma group and 15.4 ± 7.4 mm in the carcinoma group. Depressed type, combined high-grade dysplasia, red discoloration, and mucosal ulceration were significant variables associated with carcinomas. In the multivariate analysis, combined high-grade dysplasia was a significant independent predictor of carcinomas. Conclusions  The results suggest that patients with high-grade dysplasia on forceps biopsies should be considered candidates for endoscopic resection. Characteristics of gastric adenomas such as a depressed type, red color, and ulceration that may have foci of carcinomas in other parts of the adenomas also should be considered for endoscopic resection.