慢性胰腺炎的分型与术式选择

目的 探讨慢性胰腺炎的分型与术式选择及其外科治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析我院外科1983-2004年收治的54例慢性胰腺炎患者的临床资料,并将其分为慢性钙化性胰腺炎及慢性梗阻性胰腺炎两组。结果男性41例(76％),女性13例(24％),平均年龄53．7岁。嗜酒者25例(46％),合并胆石症者21例(39％),原因不明特发性者2例(4％),既往有急性胰腺炎发作者18例(33％)。主诉腹痛者38例(70％),合并黄疸者27例(50％)。慢性钙化性胰腺炎与慢性梗阻性胰腺炎在某些临床表现问存在显著性差异,后者临床表现更趋复杂多样。34例患者分别采用9种不同的手术方式,无围手术期死亡。Puestow手术及胰十二指肠切除可有效地缓解疼痛,并可改善胰外分泌功能,对胰内分泌的影响不大。Puestow手术并行胆肠吻合适于合并胆道狭窄的慢性胰腺炎患者;胰头肿块型胰腺炎以黄疸为主要表现,应行胰十二指肠切除等切除术式,仅行胆道引流减黄效果良好,但胰头病变的演变尚待进一步观察。结论慢性梗阻性胰腺炎临床表现复杂,外科治疗应采用个体化原则。     

从病理解剖学探讨慢性胰腺炎手术治疗的合理性

目的 探讨病理解剖学改变对慢性胰腺炎手术方式选择的指导意义,评价外科治疗的远近期效果,为设计合理化手术方案提供临床依据。方法 回顾性研究北京大学第一医院2000-2010年外科治疗60例慢性胰腺炎病人的临床资料。结果 围手术期死亡1例（1.7%）。60例慢性胰腺炎病人合并腹痛43例（71.7%）,42例手术后疼痛获缓解,远期复发17例（40.5％）。合并胰管扩张和（或）胰管结石行改良Puestow术21例,远期复发8例（38.1%）;6例行不同范围胰头切除术者未见症状复发,11例仅行胆肠吻合者2年内疼痛复发9例（81.2%）。合并胆道梗阻者33例（55%）,单纯或联合其他手术的胆肠吻合均能缓解黄疸,单纯胆肠吻合后33.3%（4/12）新发腹痛,5例胰头切除术后病人长期随访无黄疸和腹痛复发。结论 根据慢性胰腺炎病理解剖学改变选择具针对性手术效果良好,合理的切除加充分的胰胆引流可显著改善临床症状。     

慢性胰腺炎手术中扩大引流和胰十二指肠切除的比较

扩大引流（纵形胰空肠Puestow吻合术和胰头局部切除）和幽门保留型胰十H指肠切除（PPPD）已用于缓解慢性胰腺炎病人的疼痛等治疗。作者比较了这两种手术的效果，取德国汉堡大学外科收治的价例慢性胰腺炎病例，计扩大引流术31例，PPPD30例，两者的手术时间分别为245士62分钟和328士76分钟（P＜0．05），平均输血量分别为1．2土0．8单位和3．2士2．6单位（P＜0．05），并发症率分别为19％和53％（P＜0．05）。1例扩大引流者死于心肌梗塞。随访中位期24个月。31例扩大引流者中，28例症状缓解（90％）；3O例PPPD手术中，26例症状缓解（8…     

慢性胰腺炎胰,胆管梗阻的处理：附6例报告

在３７例慢性胰腺炎病人中，８例合并胆道梗阻（２２％），４例合并主胰管梗阻（１１％）；６列同时或异时合并胰、胆管梗阻（１９％）。其中１例在发现胰管扩张１年后，出现胆管梗阻；２例同时发现胰、胆管梗阻。３例因黄疸在外院先行胆道手术，术后腹痛持续，影像检查证实尚伴有胰管梗阻，而再次行胰管减压手术。未合并胆石和（或）胆管炎的单纯胆道梗阻一般不引起严重的腹痛。对腹痛症状较重，而又无胆管结石的慢性胰腺炎病人应特别警惕是否同时合并胰管梗阻。     

慢性胰腺炎致梗阻性黄疸的外科治疗方式与合理性分析

目的探讨慢性胰腺炎所致梗阻性黄疸的外科治疗及其合理性.方法回顾性研究我院1985年1月至2004年12月20例慢性胰腺炎伴非结石性梗阻性黄疸的临床特点及诊治措施.结果（1）本组病例主诉黄疸,90.0%无典型慢性胰腺炎临床表现及影像特征,胰内段胆总管狭窄是特征性影像表现;（2）本组病理诊断为弥漫性胰腺慢性炎症,并造成胰内段胆总管狭窄;（3）本组选择Oddi括约肌成形术（2例）或胆肠吻合术（18例）,胆道引流效果稳定;（4）单纯T管引流者无法撤除引流管.结论本研究关注慢性胰腺炎病例中伴胆道梗阻,但缺乏典型临床及影像表现者,占同期住院慢性胰腺炎的15.0%;其伴发梗阻性黄疸与胰腺炎症直接相关;胆道引流术可缓解梗阻,胆囊或胆总管空肠吻合是安全、经济的治疗措施;单纯T管引流不是理想的选择;无胰管病变及慢性胰腺炎其他症状时无须针对胰腺进行手术操作.     

慢性胰腺炎的CT表现对治疗选择的意义

目的探讨慢性胰腺炎CT形态学分型及其对治疗选择的指导作用。方法回顾分析经治疗证实的59例慢性胰腺炎的CT影像和治疗方法，结合文献总结讨论不同病理形态改变的慢性胰腺炎在治疗方法选择上的区别。结果59例中27例（46％）表现为全胰腺萎缩伴不同程度胰实质钙化，采取内科保守治疗：7例为单或多发囊肿型（12％）表现为胰腺及其周围多发假性囊肿形成，对最长径大于5cm者行切开引流和吻合：7例（12％）表现为胰管狭窄或扩张，行胰管减压引流术；5例（8％）为表现为胰头胰腺局限性软组织样肿块，全部手术切除。13例（22％）为以上两种或以上的混合表现，以外科手术为主。对合并有胆道梗阻的病例做减压引流。结论慢性胰腺炎可分萎缩钙化型、假性囊肿型、胰管狭窄或扩张型、肿块型、混合型5型，CT形态学分型对治疗方案选择及明确病因有一定的意义。     

幽门保留型Whipple手术的再评估

近期在许多胰腺外科中心公认胰十二指肠切除术已成为慢性胰腺炎的首选手术而替代 Puestow手术 ,死亡率和并发症均逐渐下降 ,总计约有 6 5%病人受益。作者重点分析幽门保留和胃窦切除的结果 ,即幽门保留型胰十二指肠切除 (PPPD)和标准 Whipple手术的区别。前者适用于慢性胰腺炎 ,后者多应用于疑有胰腺癌者。两种手术的主要问题是延迟胃排空 ,在 PPPD和标准式 Whipple手术的发生率分别为 33%和 12 % ,主要的影响是延长住院日期平均 3天。延迟胃排空可发生在多种胃手术后 ,包括半胃切除、胃空肠吻合、幽门成形术或十二指肠空肠吻合术 ,其…     

慢性胰腺炎所致的部分胆道梗阻——胆道手术引流指征的估价

据估计3～29%慢性酒精中毒性胰腺炎病人发生胰内胆管狭窄.在合并黄疸时,常常考虑进行胆道手术引流,预防发生急性胆管炎和胆汁性肝硬化.本文作者回顾了Minneapolis退伍军人管理局医院1973～1985年间治疗的38例慢性胰腺炎所致的胆道狭窄病人,平均年龄49.5岁(23～66岁),男性37例.所有病人均有长期酗酒史,60%以上的病人有1次及1次以上急性胰腺炎发作史.临床体征和症状包括:腹痛(92%),体重下降(34%),黄疸(29%),恶心(24%),呕吐(16%),疲劳(11%),胃肠道出血(8%),食欲     

不能切除的胰头癌外科可行性治疗

本文报道不能切除的胰头癌８０例，临床上均表现有梗阻性黄疸，采用外科的秫治疗可以：（１）解除胆道梗阻；（２）解除十二指肠梗阻；（３）对控制和减轻疼痛有一定作用，起到改善症状，提高生存质量和延长寿命。本组手术死亡６例（７．５％），平均生存时间为５．１个月，最长１例达２３个月。     

控制胰腺炎慢性疼痛的去神经胰腺皮瓣

慢性胰腺炎常使患者遭到丧失劳力的长期疼痛,对其处理外科医学一直感到很棘手。胰管细小而壶腹部正常的病例,则尤难处理,因为 Puestow 手术、经内窥镜或直接手术均未能有效地解决壶腹部狭窄。近似全胰(95%)切除可控制疼痛,但有发生胰岛素依赖性糖尿病的缺点。内脏神经阻滞、内脏神经切除和腹腔神经节切除已广泛采用,但收效有限。作者特别注意到那些非胆道性、非洒精性胰腺炎的青年患者,他们的健康情况严重受损。为了控制疼痛但又不发生胰岛素依赖性糖尿病,作者设计了一种手术,切除了大部份胰头而保留胰体和胰尾,使成为一个去神经的胰腺瓣。     

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??Rationality of surgical managements according to the pathological anatomy of chronic pancreatitis GAO Hong-qiao, CAI Meng-shan, MA Yong-su, et al. Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
Corresponding author: YANG Yin-mo, E-mail: yangyinmo@263.net
Abstract Objective To investigate the outcome after surgery directed by pathological anatomy of chronic pancreatitis and provide evidence for surgical procedures. Methods The clinical material of 60 patients with chronic pancreatitis who underwent surgical treatment between 2000 and 2010 were investigated retrospectively. Result 43 cases (71.7%) presented with abdominal pain, Perioperative mortality was 1.7% (1 case). Forty-two patients with abdominal pain were all relieved after surgery, but long-term recurrence occered in 17 cases (40.5%). Modified Puestow procedure was performed on 21 patients with dilatation of pancreatic duct and/or lithiasis, long-term pain recurrence occered in 8 cases (38.1%); Six patients undergoing pancreatic head resection had no recurrence in the long-term follow-up; Pain recurrence rate of 11 cases with only cholangioenterostomy was 81.2% (9 cases) within 2 years. Chronic pancreatitis with common bile duct obstruction occurred in 33 cases(55%), cholangioenterostomy alone or combined with partly pancreatic resection or pancreatic duct drainage procedures could alleviate symptoms of biliary obstruction, 4(33.3%) cases after pure biliary drainage emerged abdominal pain, 5 cases of pancreatic head resection had no recurrence of jaundice and abdominal pain after long-term follow-up. Conclusion Surgical procedures should be selected according to the pathological anatomy of chronic pancreatitis. Reasonable pancreatic head resection and adequate bile and/or pancreatic drainage could significantly improve the long-term outcomes.     

胰管开口炎性病变导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的诊断和外科治疗

目的 探讨胰管开口部位炎性病变导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的诊断和外科治疗方式.方法 对我院自2002年1月至2010年11月收治的28例慢性阻塞性胰腺炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性总结.其中13例患者血清淀粉酶和脂肪酶升高伴有反复急性腹痛,经影像学检查显示胰管全程扩张改变,外科探查明确诊断为胰管开口部位炎性病变导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎.对此13例患者的临床表现、诊断方法、手术探查发现和治疗方法进行分析,并对术后的状况包括疼痛复发、生活质量、胰腺的影像学变化和血清胰腺酶学进行随访观察.结果 13例患者均具有典型的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的临床表现,但12例患者的影像学表现有别于十二指肠乳突、壶腹或胰腺导管内肿瘤导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的图像特征,手术探查和影像学揭示多数患者的胆胰共同通道过短或存在胰腺分裂畸形,对12例患者实施十二指肠乳突、壶腹及胰管开口切开成形术或副乳突切开成形术,术后随访结果显示均未再伴有胰腺酶学升高的急性腹痛发作.结论 以胰管扩张为主而不伴有胆管慢性梗阻是胰管开口炎性病变导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的影像学特征,十二指肠乳突炎症或副乳突炎症时容易在过短的胆胰共同通道或胰腺分裂畸形的患者中引发胰管开口的狭窄而发生慢性阻塞性胰腺炎,纠正胰管开口狭窄、改善胰管引流的局部成形术是简单、有效的治疗方法.     

The spectrum and natural history of common bile duct stenosis in chronic alcohol-induced pancreatitis.

Sixty patients with chronic alcohol-induced pancreatitis with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography evidence of common bile duct stenosis were studied to determine the clinical spectrum and natural history of this complication, as well as the indications for biliary bypass. In 17% of patients, common bile duct stenosis (CBDS) was an incidental finding at ERCP, while in the remaining cases pain and jaundice were the predominant symptoms in 35% and 48%, respectively. Biliary drainage was performed in 38% of patients for persistent or recurrent jaundice, cholangitis, and while undergoing pancreatic duct or cyst drainage procedures for pain. The benign nature of CBDS in chronic alcohol-induced pancreatitis (CAIP) in patients without persistent jaundice is emphasized. In particular, no histologically proved cases of secondary biliary cirrhosis were noted. The majority of patients with CBDS due to CAIP may be safely managed without biliary bypass but require close follow-up.     

慢性胰腺炎的手术适应证和术式选择

目的提高慢性胰腺炎的外科治疗效果. 方法回顾性总结分析55例慢性胰腺炎外科治疗资料.发病因素:嗜酒5年以上、胆系结石、急性胰腺炎病史分别占38.2%,29.1%和20.0%.主要临床表现:慢性腹痛、梗阻性黄疸、体重减轻、消化不良、糖尿病分别为98.2%,38.2%,34.5%,20.0%和10.9%.全组均因慢性腹痛或伴有胰管和(/或)胆管梗阻、结石、胰腺钙化、肿块、假性囊肿等行外科治疗,共采用了10种术式. 结果无手术死亡和严重并发症.术后效果良好43例(78.2%),症状减轻好转10例(18.2%),无效2例(3.6%). 结论慢性胰腺炎长期慢性腹痛并胰胆管梗阻、结石、肿块、假性囊肿适于外科治疗,应根据病变类型和特点选择不同的术式.胰管梗阻扩张、结石或假性囊肿宜行胰管或囊肿空肠吻合,胰头肿块并胆、胰管梗阻可行胰头十二指肠切除或胆胰管空肠吻合术.     

Conservation of pancreatic tissue by combined gastric, biliary, and pancreatic duct drainage for pain from chronic pancreatitis

In patients with chronic pancreatitis, the sclerosing process of the pancreas may constrict not only the pancreatic duct for also the bile duct and duodenum. This study analyzes the prevalence of these obstructive lesions in 58 consecutive patients with chronic pancreatitis requiring surgery for either pain (57 patients) or for painless jaundice (1 patient). There was significant biliary obstruction in 21, 4 of whom also had symptomatic duodenal obstruction. All 21 patients with biliary and duodenal obstruction were among the 38 with a dilated pancreatic duct suitable for pancreaticojejunostomy (modified Puestow procedure). None of the 20 patients with small duct pancreatitis had biliary or duodenal obstruction. Pseudocysts were distributed evenly between the two groups (9 of 38 patients with a dilated duct versus 4 of 20 patients with small duct pancreatitis). Pancreaticojejunostomy combined with choledochoenterostomy and gastrojejunostomy in appropriately selected patients provided good to excellent long-term (mean 3.6 years) relief of pain in 30 of 36 patients (83 percent). There was no correlation between successful relief of pain and development of pancreatic exocrine or endocrine insufficiency or calcification. Stenosis of the bile duct developed some years subsequent to pancreaticojejunostomy in four patients and required a second operation for choledochoenterostomy in three. Three other patients required secondary pancreatic resections due to failure of the pancreaticojejunostomy to relieve pain. It is often possible to effect excellent relief of symptoms with maximal conservation of remaining pancreatic functions despite sclerotic obstruction of multiple organ systems.     

胰管开口炎性病变导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的诊断和外科治疗

目的 探讨胰管开口部位炎性病变导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的诊断和外科治疗方式.方法 对我院自2002年1月至2010年11月收治的28例慢性阻塞性胰腺炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性总结.其中13例患者血清淀粉酶和脂肪酶升高伴有反复急性腹痛,经影像学检查显示胰管全程扩张改变,外科探查明确诊断为胰管开口部位炎性病变导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎.对此13例患者的临床表现、诊断方法、手术探查发现和治疗方法进行分析,并对术后的状况包括疼痛复发、生活质量、胰腺的影像学变化和血清胰腺酶学进行随访观察.结果 13例患者均具有典型的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的临床表现,但12例患者的影像学表现有别于十二指肠乳突、壶腹或胰腺导管内肿瘤导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的图像特征,手术探查和影像学揭示多数患者的胆胰共同通道过短或存在胰腺分裂畸形,对12例患者实施十二指肠乳突、壶腹及胰管开口切开成形术或副乳突切开成形术,术后随访结果显示均未再伴有胰腺酶学升高的急性腹痛发作.结论 以胰管扩张为主而不伴有胆管慢性梗阻是胰管开口炎性病变导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的影像学特征,十二指肠乳突炎症或副乳突炎症时容易在过短的胆胰共同通道或胰腺分裂畸形的患者中引发胰管开口的狭窄而发生慢性阻塞性胰腺炎,纠正胰管开口狭窄、改善胰管引流的局部成形术是简单、有效的治疗方法.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the diagnostic methods and reasonable surgical interventions for the chronic obstructive pancreatitis due to the inflammatory lesions at the opening of the pancreatic duct Methods From January 2002 to November 2010 the data of 28 patients who were diagnosed as the chronic obstructive pancreatitis (COP) was retrospectively reviewed. Out of the 28 patients, it was analyzed that the clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, surgical finding and surgical interventions of the 13 patients who were diagnosed as COP due to the inflammatory lesions at the opening of the pancreatic duct in the exploratory operation accompanying recurrent acute abdominal pain with increased serum amylase and lipase,dilation of entire pancreatic duct on imaging before surgery. The conditions included pain recrudescence,quality of life, pancreatic changes on imaging and the serum amylase and lipase after surgery were recorded.Results All the 13 patients had clinical manifestations of COP. However, 12 patients had different manifestations on imaging from those chronic pancreatitis imaging due to tumors at the duodenal papilla,ampulla or inner pancreatic duct. Via exploratory operation and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) , there were short pancreaticobiliary common channel or pancreas divisum existing in most patients. There was no acute abdominal pain with the increased serum amylase and lipase in the 12 patients who receiving the transduodenal mastoid, ampulla and pancreatic ductal opening incision and plasty, the paramastoideus incision and plasty in the visit Conclusions The imaging character of COP due to the inflammatory lesions at the opening of the pancreatic duct is the dilation of the pancreatic duct without the chronic obstruction in the bile duct The patients with short pancreaticobiliary common channel or pancreas divisum easily suffer COP due to the stenosis of the pancreatic ductal opening caused by the duodenal mastoiditis or paramastoiditis. The local plasty surgery to correct the stenosis at the pancreatic ductal opening and improve the drainage of the pancreatic duct is an easy and effective management.     

Modified Puestow procedure for the management of chronic pancreatitis in children

Purpose

To present our experience with the modified Puestow procedure in the management of children with chronic pancreatitis.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of patients treated between 2003 and 2012.

Results

Six patients underwent a modified Puestow procedure (lateral pancreaticojejunostomy) for the management of chronic pancreatitis, three females and three males. Four patients had hereditary pancreatitis (three with confirmed N34S mutation in the SPINK1 gene), one patient had chronic pancreatitis of unknown etiology, and one patient with annular pancreas developed obstructive chronic pancreatitis. The pancreatic duct was dilated in all cases, with a maximum diameter of 5 to 10 mm. Median time between onset of pain and surgery was 4 years (range: 1–9). Median age at surgery was 7.5 years (range: 5–15). Median hospital stay was 12 days (range: 9–28). Median follow up was 4.5 years (range: 5 months to 9 years). All patients had temporary postoperative improvement of their abdominal pain. In two patients the pain recurred at 6 months and 2 years postoperatively and eventually required total pancreatectomy to treat intractable pain, 3 and 8 years after surgery. Two patients were pain free for two years and subsequently developed occasional episodes of pain. The two most recent patients are pain free at 1 year (obstructive chronic pancreatitis) and 5 months (hereditary pancreatitis) follow-up. Two patients developed type I diabetes mellitus 10 and 12 months postoperatively (one with hereditary and one with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis).

Conclusion

We conclude that the modified Puestow procedure in children is feasible and safe. It seems to provide definitive pain control and prevent further damage to the pancreas in patients with obstructive chronic pancreatitis. However, in patients with hereditary pancreatitis, pain control outcomes are variable and the operation may not abrogate the progression of disease to pancreatic insufficiency.     

胰管开口炎性病变导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的诊断和外科治疗

目的 探讨胰管开口部位炎性病变导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的诊断和外科治疗方式.方法 对我院自2002年1月至2010年11月收治的28例慢性阻塞性胰腺炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性总结.其中13例患者血清淀粉酶和脂肪酶升高伴有反复急性腹痛,经影像学检查显示胰管全程扩张改变,外科探查明确诊断为胰管开口部位炎性病变导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎.对此13例患者的临床表现、诊断方法、手术探查发现和治疗方法进行分析,并对术后的状况包括疼痛复发、生活质量、胰腺的影像学变化和血清胰腺酶学进行随访观察.结果 13例患者均具有典型的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的临床表现,但12例患者的影像学表现有别于十二指肠乳突、壶腹或胰腺导管内肿瘤导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的图像特征,手术探查和影像学揭示多数患者的胆胰共同通道过短或存在胰腺分裂畸形,对12例患者实施十二指肠乳突、壶腹及胰管开口切开成形术或副乳突切开成形术,术后随访结果显示均未再伴有胰腺酶学升高的急性腹痛发作.结论 以胰管扩张为主而不伴有胆管慢性梗阻是胰管开口炎性病变导致的慢性阻塞性胰腺炎的影像学特征,十二指肠乳突炎症或副乳突炎症时容易在过短的胆胰共同通道或胰腺分裂畸形的患者中引发胰管开口的狭窄而发生慢性阻塞性胰腺炎,纠正胰管开口狭窄、改善胰管引流的局部成形术是简单、有效的治疗方法.