Surgical management of choanal atresia: improved outcome using mitomycin.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intraoperative use of mitomycin to improve the surgical outcome and reduce the rate of soft tissue restenosis in children undergoing choanal atresia repair. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of all patients surgically treated for congenital choanal atresia by the senior author (W.F.M). SETTING: Tertiary children's hospital. PATIENTS: Eight consecutive patients with bony choanal atresia (6 unilateral and 2 bilateral) were compared with 15 historical controls (6 unilateral and 9 bilateral). All study and historical control patients were treated with soft plastic postoperative stenting. INTERVENTION: At the completion of the surgical repair of the choanal atresia, 0.4 mg/mL of topical mitomycin was applied to the posterior choanae for 3 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The success rate of the repair of the choanal atresia as determined by the postoperative need for dilation or revision surgical procedures was compared with that of the historical controls. RESULTS: All 8 children with intraoperative use of mitomycin were treated with a mean +/- SEM of 0.375 +/- 0.183 dilations per patient. The 15 children in the control group received a mean +/- SEM of 3.667 +/- 0.583 postoperative dilations for soft tissue restenosis. The difference in the number of postoperative dilations between the study and control group was statistically significant (P =.006) using a t test. CONCLUSIONS: Mitomycin is an effective and reliable treatment for improving the surgical outcome for choanal atresia repair. This may obviate the need for postoperative dilations and may potentially eliminate the need for surgical stenting.     

The effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on regeneration in a surgical wound model of rat submandibular glands

This study developed an animal model of surgically wounded submandibular glands (SMGs) and investigated the effects of collagen gel with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on tissue regeneration of surgically wounded SMGs in vivo. The animal model was produced by creating a surgical wound using a 3-mm diameter biopsy punch in SMGs. The wound was filled with collagen gel with bFGF (bFGF group) or without bFGF (control group). In the animal model of surgically wounded SMGs, salivary glands without scar tissue around the wound area were observed with smaller areas of collagen gel. Small round and spindle-shape cells invaded the collagen gel in both groups after operation day (AOD) 5, and this invasion dramatically increased at AOD 7. Host tissue completely replaced the collagen gel at AOD 21. The invading immune cells in the group treated with collagen gel with bFGF were positive for vimentin, a-smooth muscle actin (aSMA), CD49f, c-kit and AQP5 at AOD 7. Similarly, the mRNA expression of vimentin, aSMA, CD49f, keratin19 and AQP5 was also increased. This study suggests that the use of collagen gels with bFGF improves salivary gland regeneration.     

Evaluation of the systemic use of riluzole in post-traumatic facial nerve regeneration: experimental study in rabbits

CONCLUSIONS: Riluzole promoted increase and/or preservation of axon density in the animals treated with this drug as compared to the control group; it did not increase the mean diameter of facial nerve fibres as compared to the non-treated group; and it did not provide a better functional motor recovery than in the control group. OBJECTIVE: Traumatic peripheral facial paralysis is a frequent affection. In incomplete nerve injuries, systemic drugs acting on regeneration may decrease the patient's period of morbidity. This study aimed to determine the effect of the drug riluzole on regeneration of the facial nerve of rabbits submitted to post-traumatic facial paralysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen rabbits were submitted to compression of the facial nerve and divided into control (A) and treated (B) groups. The animals were sacrificed 4 weeks after the injury and their nerves were studied regarding density of myelinated axons and measure of external axon diameters. RESULTS: Partial functional recovery was observed within 2 weeks and complete recovery 5 weeks after injury. Mean neural density was 12,679.7 axons/mm2 (SD+/-237.5) in group A, and 19,073.8 axons/mm2 (SD+/-3549.9) in group B. Group A presented less than two-thirds the density of group B. There was no statistical difference in axon diameters between the studied groups.     

The relationship between traumatic tympanic membrane perforations and pneumatization of the mastoid

We evaluated the possible relationship between tympanic membrane perforations resulting from blast trauma or slap and pneumatization of the mastoid cells. A total of 25 male patients with tympanic membrane perforations resulting from blast injury (n = 7), slap (n = 17), and football hit (n = 1) and 20 healthy male volunteers without any ear problem had temporal bone computed tomographic scans in the axial plane, parallel to the infraorbitomeatal line, with 2 mm slice thickness and 2-mm intervals using bone algorithm with a ProSpeed Spiral tomography machine. The area of air cells in each slice was measured using trace and area measurement functions of the tomography machine, and by multiplying the resulting area by slice thickness, the volume of each slice was calculated. For each ear, the total of volumes of air cells was calculated by adding the volumes of each slice containing air cells. The calculated volumes of mastoid cells were evaluated by comparing microscopic findings. Both patient and control groups consisted of males, and their ages ranged from 17 to 32 (mean 24.5) years. Microscopic examinations revealed that perforations were frequently located in the lower quadrants and that most of them were less than 3 mm. There were no pars flaccida and marginal perforations. Ossicular chain destruction was noted neither in temporal bone tomographic nor during intraoperative examinations. The mean (+/- SD) volumes of right and left ear mastoid air cells in patient and control groups were 6.92 +/- 2.45 vs. 7.00 +/- 2.59 cm(3) and 9.04 +/- 4.55 vs. 8.95 +/- 4.53 cm(3), respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant. It was found that the level of mastoid pneumatization has no statistically significant effect on tympanic membrane pathologies due to blast or other injuries.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者腭咽软组织病理改变

目的 通过研究睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（ｏｂｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｖｅ ｓｌｅｅｐ ａｐｎｅａ ｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ，ＯＳＡＳ）腭咽软组织病理改变，探讨咽扩大肌在ＯＳＡＳ发病机理中的作用。方法 对ＯＳＡＳ２７例，鼾症（ｓｉｍｐｌｅ ｓｎｏｒｉｎｇ，ＳＳ）１７例，对照（扁桃体摘除术患者）１５例的悬雍垂及腭咽肌进行ＨＥ、ＡＴＰ酶、还原型辅酶Ⅰ脱氢酶（ＮＡＤＨ－ＴＲ）等染色，观察软组织病理结构改变。结果 悬雍垂中部横截面     

Full-thickness cartilage graft myringoplasty combined with topical application of bFGF for repair of perforations with extensive epithelialization

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the long term outcome of endoscope full-thickness cartilage graft myringoplasty combined with topical application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for repair of perforations with extensive epithelialization.Materials and methodsIn total, 65 perforations with extensive epithelialization of edges were divided into the endoscope full-thickness cartilage graft myringoplasty with (bFGF treatment group) and without topical application of bFGF (control group) groups. The outcomes were evaluated in terms of the hearing gain and graft success rate at 12 and 24 months post-surgery.ResultsAll patients were followed up at 24 months. Graft success rate was 97.2% in postoperative 12th month and 97.2% in postoperative 24th month in the bFGF group, whereas graft success rate was 100.0% in postoperative 12th month and 86.2% in postoperative 24th month in the control group. The re-perforation wasn't evident in any patients in the bFGF group while re-perforation in 4 (13.8%) patients in the control group, with statistical significance (P = 0.023).Comparing the two groups, there was no difference regardless of in preoperative or postoperative 12 months mean ABG or ABG closure. CT images revealed the well pneumatized middle ear and mastoid cells at postoperative 24th months in both groups, no middle ear cholesteatoma and keratin pearls were found during the period of follow up.ConclusionsThe cartilage-perichondrium double graft combined with bFGF are a feasible and effective method for providing the long-term graft success rate of the perforations with extensive epithelialization.     

成纤维细胞生长因子耳蜗内灌注防治爆震性聋的实验研究

选用豚鼠１９只，震前于圆窗龛放银球电极测复合动作电位（ＣＡＰ）反应阈，爆震后测ＣＡＰ，于耳蜗底回打孔，分别灌注酸性成纤维细胞生长因子（ａＦＧＦ）和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ），４８小时后再测ＣＡＰ，处死动物做耳蜗琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）组化染色铺片。结果爆震后灌注ｂＦＧＦ、ａＦＧＦ两组动物４８小时ＣＡＰ平均阈值分别为８８．７ｄＢ和９３．２ｄＢ，而单纯打孔组和灌注外淋巴组ＣＡＰ平均阈值分别为１１     

Treatment with 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) to inhibit carcinogenesis in the hamster buccal pouch model

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether systemic therapy with 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (vitamin D(3) [hereinafter, VD(3)]) prevents tumor formation in a hamster buccal pouch model of carcinogenesis. DESIGN: Randomized trial in which a known carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), was applied to the buccal pouch of 40 hamsters. Animals were randomized to receive systemic VD(3) or no treatment and killed at 2, 6, and 14 weeks after the initiation of DMBA exposure. SETTING: Academic medical center. SUBJECTS: Forty male golden Syrian hamsters, aged 5 to 6 weeks, were used. INTERVENTIONS: A dose of 0.25 mug/kg of VD(3) via intraperitoneal injection was given to 20 animals 3 times per week. Of the remaining 20 control animals, 5 received placebo vehicle injection, and 15 received no further treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Timing, size, and number of tumors that developed in the 2 groups. RESULTS: Only 1 hamster treated with VD(3) developed a confirmed neoplasm compared with 7 of the control animals (P < .01). The mean +/- SD total diameter of gross lesions per animal in the VD(3)-treated group was 1.2 +/- 1.9 mm compared with 6.8 +/- 6.6 mm in the control group (P = .03). The time to onset of lesion formation was significantly delayed in those animals treated with VD(3), with a mean +/- SD time to development of 13.4 +/- 0.9 weeks, while the control animals developed lesions at 11.2 +/- 1.7 weeks (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Systemic VD(3) therapy delays carcinogenesis in the hamster buccal pouch model. Further investigation into the mechanisms through which VD(3) inhibits carcinogenesis may lead to development of effective chemopreventive agents to combat head and neck cancer.     

Visual risks of facial fracture repair in the setting of traumatic optic neuropathy

OBJECTIVE: To identify whether facial fracture repair in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy results in visual deterioration. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients admitted from 1992 through 1997 with the diagnosis of facial fracture and traumatic optic neuropathy. Vision was recorded before and after fracture repair using logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution measurements. Visual outcome was compared with a nonsurgically treated group of patients with a similar diagnosis. SETTING: University trauma hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 700 medical charts were reviewed, and 54 patients met study criteria. All patients received megadose corticosteroid treatment and were divided into 3 groups: (1) facial fracture repair alone, (2) optic nerve decompression (OND) + facial fracture repair, or (3) nonsurgical treatment. RESULTS: For the 16 patients in the fracture repair alone group, 12 (75%) had improved vision and 4 (25%) had no change postoperatively. For the 10 patients in the OND + fracture repair group, 3 (30%) had improved vision, 5 (50%) had no change, and 2 (20%) had worsened vision postoperatively. For the 28 patients in the nonsurgical group, 18 (64%) had improved vision, 9 (32%) had no change, and 1 (4%) had worsened vision by discharge. Facial fracture repair alone and the nonsurgical groups both demonstrated significant visual improvement by discharge. The amount of improvement was not significantly different between all 3 groups (facial fracture repair, 0.38 +/- 0.40; OND + facial fracture repair; 0.32 +/- 1.38; and nonsurgical, 0.69 +/- 1.07). CONCLUSIONS: Facial fracture repair in the setting of traumatic optic neuropathy had no adverse effect on vision. Patients requiring OND + fracture repair had a significantly worse visual prognosis.     

几丁糖预防CO2激光声带切除术后声带粘连短期观察的实验研究

目的 观察CO<,2>激光切除狗声带后局部涂布几丁糖预防声带粘连的效果.方法 17只狗中的16只被随机分成2组,以CO<,2>激光切除狗的双侧声带,几丁糖组和对照组分别立即于术后局部涂布几丁糖和生理盐水各5 min.术后1周于各组中随机抽取3只,以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测声带中的碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)和转化生长因子(TGF)-β1的表达,并以透射电镜观察声带中成纤维细胞的超微结构.术后3周对余下的10只狗粘连的声带行CO<,2>激光松解,并再次分别局部涂布几丁糖和生理盐水各5 min.每周观察声带愈合和粘连形成过程,6周后收集所有的喉标本行组织学观察胶原表达.结果 电镜观察发现术后对照组狗声带较几丁糖组成纤维细胞内超微结构发达.术后1周几丁糖组声带中bFGF和TGF-β1的表达中位数[25分位数;75分位数]分别0.235[0.215;0.255]pg/mg和1.055[0.905;1.305]pg/mg,较对照组0.155[0.137;0.165]Pg/mg和0.820[0.687;0.962]ps/mg高,Wilcoxon秩和检验证实差异均有统计学意义(z值分别为-2.887和-2.005,P值分别为0.002和0.041).术后3周对照组声带粘连程度中位数为49%,几丁糖组为7%,Mann-Whitney U检验两组间声带粘连程度比较差异有统计学意义(z=-2.619,P=0.008).术后6周Mason染色见几丁糖组声带中胶原的表达较对照组轻,两组间胶原成分分值比较Fisher精确检验差异有统计学意义(P=0.023).结论几丁糖局部涂布能减轻狗CO<,2>激光声带切除术后声带的粘连.