Lowering of lipid peroxidation and acute toxicity of bromobenzene by a polymeric form of zinc-metallothionein

Plasma and liver contents of malonic aldehyde are studied one day after administration of bromobenzene to mice pretreated with a polymeric form of zinc-metallothionein from rat liver. It is found that zinc-metallothionein injected in a dose of 1–4 mg/kg 5–10 min prior to injection of bromobenzene (2 g/kg, about 56% of LD₅₀) markedly lowers the malonic dialdehyde level and active toxicity of this xenobiotic. Administration of a mixture modeling Zn-metallothionein (albumin, cysteine, and zinc) in a dose of 4 mg/kg has no appreciable effect on the malonic dialdehyde level raised after bromobenzene injection, and does not change its LD₅₀. It is concluded that the protective effect of exogenous zinc-metallothionein is due to its antioxidant activity, which allows for normalization of lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 43–45, January, 1995 Presented by B. B. Moroz, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Delta sleep-inducing peptide and flunitrazepam acting jointly increase cardiac electrical stability

In experiments on rabbits under Nembutal anesthesia, intravenous injection of flunitrazepam in a single dose of 0.125 mg/kg in combination with delta sleep-inducing peptide in a single dose of 60 nmol/kg raised the threshold of ventricular fibrillation to a level that was significantly higher than that after injection of flunitrazepam alone in the same dose and comparable to that after injection of this benzodiazepine alone in twice as high a dose (0.25 mg/kg), but without the side effects (persistent hypotension and transient bradycardia) produced by the latter dose. It is concluded that the ability of jointly acting delta sleep-inducing peptide and flunitrazepam to increase the electrical stability of the heart may have practical relevance to the prevention of ventricular arrhythmias occurring under conditions of emotional stress and myocardial ischemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 342–345, April, 1995 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ambiguity of the effect of high and low doses of amino-acid preparations on the immune response and phagocytosis in mice

It is shown that the effect of amino-acid preparations (levamine-70–70, cerebrolysin, and aviamine) is dose-dependent. Thus, levamine-70 and cerebrolysin at 65 mg/kg do not affect the immune response but stimulate phagocytosis. Aviamine at 65 mg/kg inhibits the immune response but stimulates phagocytosis and in a dose of 6.5×10⁻² mg/kg boosts both processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 500–501, May, 1994 Presented by A. D. Ado, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Experimental validation for a clinical study of GABA-positive substances in threatened abortion

The barouterography method revealed that intravenous phenibut in a dose of 50 mg/kg and phenazepam in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg have a suppressive effect on the contractile isometric (fetus-expelling) activity of the uterus in nonpregnant and pregnant rabbits. Phenibut (150 mg/kg) and phenazepam (3 mg/kg) do not have an adverse effect on fetal development in rats. Clinical trials of phenibut and phenazepam as gravidoprotectors in threatened abortions are recommended. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 35–37, July, 1994     

Reaction of mouse ovary to opioid receptor block during early postnatal ontogenesis

Prolonged administration of naloxone (5 mg/kg body weight) during the juvenile period stimulated ovarian folliculogenesis and pubescence in mice; the effect was absent in animals of other ages, when a single injection was given, or when the dose of preparation was decreased. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 341–344, March, 1996 Presented by O. V. Volkova, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of cytochromec on the necrosis zone in transitory myocardial ischemia

The cardioprotector effect of cytochromec during a 15-min complete blocking of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery was studied in rat experiments. Cytochromec in a dose of 20 mg/kg was found to noticeably reduce the necrosis zone 4 h after transitory ischemia. The protective effect of a single injection of cytochromec was virtually undetectable after 72, h, this pointing to the need for a course of treatment. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o , 4, pp. 439–440, April, 1994     

Dose-dependent influence of buprenorphine on the phospholipid composition of cat hepatocyte plasma membranes in hemorrhagic shock

It is established that buprenorphine (0.3 mg/kg) induces considerable alterations in the phospholipid composition of hepatocyte plasma membranes as a result of phosphatidylserine accumulation and a considerable loss of sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylserine. When administered in a dose of 0.03 mg/kg, buprenorphine facilitates normalization of the phosphoinositol turnover in hepatocyte plasma membranes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 164–165, August, 1994 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Plasma content of 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in mice protected with zinc-metallothionein against acute alcohol intoxication

The malonic dialdehyde content in murine plasma decreases considerably after 1–24 h of acute alcohol intoxication (3 g/kg intraperitoneally). Zinc-metallothionein from rat liver administered in a dose of 2 mg/kg prior to alcohol normalizes the malonic dialdehyde level, whereas a mixture modeling zinc-metallothionein (albumin, cysteine, and zinc) does not change it. A 2- to 2.5-fold increase in the malonic dialdehyde content is observed in all cases after 3 days. It is assumed that the effect of zinc-metallothionein is associated with its ability, similarly to other thiol compounds, to stimulate the metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde and to reduce the toxicity of the latter by forming mixed compounds. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 46–49, January, 1995 Presented by I. V. Domoradskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

A new method of stimulating uteroplacental blood flow,based on the regulation of venous circulation in the uterus

Experiments on pregnant rabbits infused with troxevasin showed that the rate of uteroplacental blood flow after infusion depended on the dose and the initial (preinfusion) rate of this blood flow. After the dose of 140 mg/kg, the blood flow rate increased if it was initially low and decreased if it was high. After a lower dose (70 mg/kg), the blood flow rate decreased to different degrees depending on the initial blood flow rate in the uterus. The findings suggest that the use of troxevasin to treat the fetus is indicated in cases of placental insufficiency. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 346–349, April, 1995 Presented by B. I. Tkachenko, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of isobutyl ester of retinoic acid on the cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage and on the mitotic activity of alveolar monocyte-macrophages in rats

Different doses of the isobutyl ester of retinoic acid were administered intraperitoneally into rats for two weeks. The dose of 1 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the mitotic activity of cells of the macrophagal series in alveoli; an anti-inflammatory effect was observed at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The isobutyl ester of retinoic acid did not affect the cell ratio (alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils) in the internal medium of the lungs. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 645–647, December, 1994 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Potentiating effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and of its synthetic analog digipramine on morphine-induced analgesia

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its synthetic analog digipramine (DP) shortened the latency of the tail-flick response in mice when injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 5 mg/kg and to potentiate significantly the analgesic action of morphine. Possible mechanisms of these two effects and prospects for their medical use are discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 117–119, August, 1994     

Reaction of pulmonary tumor transplants to irradiation and platidiam in the subcapsular test

Effects of γ-irradiation in a dose of 6 Gy and platidiam in a total dose of 16 mg/kg on the growth rate of transplants of 20 human pulmonary carcinomas under the renal capsules of immunodepressed mice were studied. Ten out of 11 tumors resistant to radiation were found to be resistant to platidiam as well. On the other hand, only 10 out of 15 carcinomas resistant to platidiam were resistant to radiation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 505–507, November, 1994     

The effect of etimyzol on the development of the deafferentation pain syndrome

Administration of etimyzol in a dose of 4 mg/kg to rats with deafferentation pain syndrome reduces the incidence of the syndrome and its severity. This effect is associated with activation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal system. Systematic administration of the preparation models repeated stress, thus developing adaptation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3 pp. 258–261, March, 1996 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of superoxide dismutase on convulsive seizures in rat models of epilepsy

Intravenous injections of superoxide dismutase into rats with amygdaline kindling mitigated spontaneous and electrostimulation-induced epileptic seizures and raised the thresholds of electric current for their elicitation; these seizures of reduced intensity were observed during 3 days following chronic (for 6 days) treatment with this enzyme. In contrast, superoxide dismutase injections had no effect on the convulsions induced by electric shock or corazole. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 20–22, July, 1995 Presented by A. N. Klimov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Mice selected for low brain weight show heightened sensitivity to the convulsive action of pentylenetetrazole

Convulsive activity of pentylenetetrazole (25–120 mg/kg) measured in mice selected for large or small brain weight was evaluated, and mice with a smaller brain weight proved to be more susceptible to the damaging action of this compound than those with a larger weight. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 5, pp. 460–462, May, 1995 Presented by V. S. Rusinov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Radioprotective action of lymphokinin,a composite preparation of cytokines

Lymphokinin injected into mice in a dose of 25,000 U/kg intraperitoneally before or after their single irradiation producing acute radiation sickness is found to prolong their survival. The optimal time for administering Lymphokinin depends on the radiation dose. Its survival-prolonging effect is most marked when it is injected 1 h or 24 h before or 23 h after exposure to a dose of 6.0 Gy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 38–40, July, 1994 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Use of zinc metallothioneine to protect mice from ionizing radiation

Injecting mice with exogenous zinc-metallothioneine from rat liver at 2 mg/kg 5–10 min before their total-body irradiation resulted in a significantly increased 30-day survival rate. The radioprotective effect of zinc-metallothioneine was not associated with the influence of its constituents, since a model mixture composed of these (albumin, cysteine, and zinc) failed to protect. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 139–141, August, 1994 Presented by B. B. Moroz, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Potentiation and acceleration effects in combined administration of tissue plasminogen activator and fibrinogen-modified urokinase in dogs with modeled venous thrombosis

Combined administration of tissue plasminogen activator and a urokinase-fibrinogen covalent conjugate is studied using modeled venous thrombosis in dogs. In comparison with the effect of the individual preparations the thrombolytic effect was potentiated when intravenous bolus injection of 1 mg tissue plasminogen activator followed by a 2-hour infusion of 4 mg of this preparation was combined with bolus injection of 25,000 IU urokinase-fibrinogen covalent conjugate 15 min after the first bolus. Potentiation and acceleration of thrombolysis were attained with the same scheme when tissue plasminogen activator was administered in a dose of 1 mg for both bolus and infusion and combined with 250,000 IU of fibrinogen-modified urokinase. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 48–51, January, 1996 Presented by E. I. Chazov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and Russian Academy of Sciences     

Rat model of acute tetracycline hepatosis and its dynamic predictors

It is demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of tetracycline hydrochloride in a dose of 125 mg/kg leads to the development of acute fatty hepatosis in rats within a 24-h period, by which time the maximum accumulation of lipids and triacylglycerides is observed in the liver. In addition, a direct dependence is established between the severity of fatty hepatosis and a decrease in the cytochrome P-450 content. The cytochrome P-450 content is a dynamic predictor of tetracycline fatty hepatosis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 603–605, December, 1994     

Anti-ischemic effect of a new oxynicotinic acid derivative

The effect of a new derivative of oxynicotinic acid (KONA) on experimental cerebral ischemia is examined in rats. It is demonstrated that a single dose of the preparation (30 mg/kg) significantly decreases the severity of ischemic damage and increases the survival of the animals after bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries. Comparison with xanthinol-nicotinate shows the advantages of the new preparation. Although KONA does not inhibit free-radical oxidationin vitro, it does lower the content of free-radical oxidation products in rat blood plasma to the normal level. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 49–51, July, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences