机械性眼外伤玻璃体手术效果及危险因素分析

目的分析评价机械性眼球伤,特别是开放性眼外伤,玻璃体手术的效果及相关危险因素。方法机械性眼外伤398例（409眼）,开放性眼外伤357眼,闭合性眼外伤52眼,均行玻璃体切除手术。术后随访至少6个月。各合作单位将所有的患者信息填表,录人数据库供统计分析。结果最终视力≥0．025者260眼（63．57％）。获得解剖功能修复者289眼（70．66％）;获得解剖修复者34眼（8．31％）;低眼压、眼球萎缩、硅油支持眼球和眼球摘除（预后不良）者86眼（21．03％）。增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）、视网膜脱离（RD）、伤后14d以上实施玻璃体手术者预后较差。受伤至手术时间与PVR的发生率密切相关。伤时有RD发生者促进PVR的发生。RD和PVR合并存在使后果更差。伤后30d以后实施手术者RD的发生率显著增加。单变量Logistic分析提示伤后无光感、视网膜闭合漏斗脱离、PVR形成、脉络膜上腔大出血4个变量是手术效果不良的危险因素。结论玻璃体手术时机和损伤程度直接影响眼外伤的治疗结果。     

Fulminant proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the non-photocoagulated eye following acute renal failure

Management of diabetic retinopathy should follow more strict and aggressive rules in patients at risk for severe acute renal impairment. Such patients should be identified and possibly prophylactically laser treated to avoid the severe consequences demonstrated in this case report. A 34-year-old type 2 diabetes patient with a stabilized diabetic retinopathy developed acute and severe retinal decompensation within weeks after acute renal failure complicated his chronic stable renal impairment. Fluorescein angiographic and optical coherence tomographic illustrations of the rapid evolution of the retinal condition are presented. The patient had previously been treated with panretinal photocoagulation in his left eye. After 8 years of regular 6-monthly checked stability, he developed rapid-onset proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema in his right eye within 3 months of his last ocular check-up. Fluorescein angiography showed neovessels and major ischemic areas. Emergency panretinal photocoagulation and a sub-Tenon’s injection were necessary to achieve control of the situation with regression of neovessels and complete regression of macular edema. This case shows that it is imperative for nephrologists to be well informed about a patient’s ocular situation in order to give timely information to the ophthalmologist who can intervene to protect the retina in case of renal failure. On the other hand, the ophthalmologist should be familiar with the renal function of his patient with renal impairment so that he can decide to perform prophylactic retinal panphotocoagulation that should be imperatively considered even without strict indications in patients with renal impairment at risk for further deterioration of renal function, in order to prevent such explosive ischemic and proliferative retinopathy putting vision at risk.     

A rational method of cosmetic eye prosthesis

Effective cosmetic rehabilitation of patients with anophthalmia can be activated if methods based on the use of the cosmetic parameters for prostheses, listed below, are employed: (1) eyelid position and relief, (2) eye opening, (3) position of the iris and pupil, (4) diameters of the iris and pupil, (5) position and decline of the prosthesis, (6) depth of the prosthesis position in the orbit, (7) cavity filling with the prosthesis, (8) prosthesis mobility, (9) sclera color, (10) iris color. These prosthetic cosmetic parameters are of paramount importance for effective cosmetic rehabilitation of anophthalmia patients.     

Central retinal artery occlusion following cosmetic blepharoplasty.

A case is presented of a 70-year-old white male who underwent a bilateral cosmetic lower lid blepharoplasty with fat removal. He subsequently developed a right orbital haemorrhage which resulted in the occlusion of the central retinal artery. The patient had no light perception with his right eye for approximately 1 hour, but vision was eventually restored to 20/20 after emergency therapeutic measures. There are many possible causes of visual loss following blepharoplasty, with orbital haemorrhage being the most common. Visual loss secondary to blepharoplasty can be prevented in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of surgery. Blindness as a complication of cosmetic blepharoplasty can be reversible if recognised early and treated appropriately. These facts must be kept in mind by all surgeons who perform blepharoplasties.     

Preoperative factors influencing visual outcome following surgical excision of subfoveal choroidal

PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term visual acuity outcomes and the influences of various preoperative factors on visual outcome in patients undergoing surgical removal of choroidal neovascular neovascularization (CNV) caused by age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). METHODS: The authors studied 146 eyes of 146 patients who were followed for at least 1 year after surgical excision of CNV associated with ARMD. Surgical indications included subfoveal active CNV localized mainly above the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and a standard Japanese decimal visual acuity of 0.3 or worse. CNV above the RPE was diagnosed by fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography. CNVs were divided into completely classic CNV or mainly classic CNV. The relationships of the post-operative logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity with preoperative logMAR visual acuity, the shortest distance from the center of the foveal avascular zone to the CNV margin, CNV size, and age were analyzed. RESULTS: Final logMAR visual acuity was improved (defined as a logMAR visual acuity increase of 0.2 or more) in 78 eyes (54%), stable in 47 (32%), and worsened in 21 (14%). Stepwise regression identified CNV size as a significant factor influencing final logMAR visual acuity (R2 = 0.213, p<0.0001), while preoperative logMAR visual acuity, shortest distance from the center of the foveal avascular zone to the CNV margin, and age showed no significant correlation with final logMAR visual acuity. Surgical complications included retinal detachment in six eyes (4%), subretinal hematoma in four eyes (2%), macular hole in three (2%), and proliferative vitreoretinopathy in two (1%). CNV recurred postoperatively in 18 eyes (12%). In 92 eyes with completely classic CNV, visual acuity was improved in 57 (62%), stable in 27 (29%), and worsened in 8 (9%). In 54 eyes with mainly classic CNV, visual acuity was improved in 21(39%), stable in 20 (37%), and worsened in 13 (24%). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical excision of CNV for ARMD was effective for completely classic CNV, and better postoperative visual acuity was achieved in cases of small CNV. Given the fact that photodynamic therapy (PDT) has only been used in Japan since 2004, future study should compare PDT and surgical excision in Japanese subjects for relative merits against surgical risk and postoperative complications, to define indications for PDT and surgical excision.     

干眼相关因素Logistic回归分析

目的:探讨各种眼表因素异常在干眼患者发病中的作用。方法:536例患者中,对其干眼症状及有关的眼表因素(泪液基础分泌、泪膜稳定性、角膜上皮完整性)检查结果量化后进行Logistic回归分析。结果:建立了以烧灼感(X3)、眼红(X4)、睫毛上有碎屑(X5)、晨起眼睑黏着(X6)、口干(X7)、流泪(X9)、视力波动(X12)、泪液基础分泌试验(X13)、泪膜破裂时间测定(X14)、角膜荧光素染色(X15)为变量的干眼发病Logistic回归预测方程:Y=-2.21+0.459X3+10.572X4-0.069X5+0.766X6+0.924X7+0.264X9-1.78X12+7.235X13+4.917X14+5.148X15;P=exp(Y)/[1+exp(Y)]。结论:干眼临床表现特征性明显,致病因素较多。可通过相关因素Logistic回归方程进行预测。     

420例儿童干眼的相关因素分析

目的：探讨儿童干眼的相关因素及临床特点。方法收集我院眼科确诊的420例儿童干眼的临床资料及统计数据,进行回顾性研究分析。结果420例确诊干眼的患儿中每天持续看电脑、电视超过2h者380例（90.47%）,有偏食习惯者224例（53.33%）,有过敏性结膜炎病史者72例（17.14%）,有急、慢结膜炎病史者106（37.17%）,使用抗菌素滴眼超过1个月者182例（43.33%）。临床主要症状为瞬目频繁者190例（45.2%）、眼痒134例（31.9%）、异物感88例（20.95%）、分泌物多者39例（9.28%）、眼红134例（31.9%）、畏光55例（13.09%）、干涩者41例（9.76%）。Schirmer Test：340例为阳性（＜10mm/5min）,80例为强阳性（＜5mm/5min）。BUT：420例全部＜5s为强阳性。100例角膜上皮点状着染1-4象限。干眼仪检查：320例图像为3级以上。经过正规系统的抗干眼治疗,患儿不适症状缓解,检查结果均有所改善,随访3个月未见复发。结论儿童干眼的发病是多因素相互作用的结果,小儿眼科医生应给予足够的重视,准确的诊断和针对病因的联合治疗是防治儿童干眼的关键。     

泪腺肿物切除术后干眼症分析

目的探讨泪腺肿物切除术后患者术眼干眼症状及相关指标变化。方法 37例(37只眼)泪腺肿物患者行泪腺肿物切除手术,分别观察术前、术后2周干眼症状,包括干涩感、异物感、烧灼感等,并行相关角膜荧光素染色检查、泪液分泌检查及泪膜破裂时间测定。结果泪腺肿物切除术后2周,小部分患者出现干眼症状(16%),反射性泪液分泌减少,与术前相比差异有显著意义(P<0.05);术后2周角膜荧光素染色、基础泪液分泌和泪膜破裂时间与术前相比差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论泪腺肿物切除术后,小部分患者术眼出现干眼症状,程度较轻。     

Clinical management of cosmetic extended-wear contact lens failure

Fifteen patients discontinued use of extended-wear hydrogel contact lenses. The primary cause was neovascularization (60%), although lens soilage, giant papillary conjunctivitis and ulceration were factors in several patients each. All patients were successfully refitted with daily-wear rigid or thin, hydrogel contact lenses following simple clinical techniques.     

Loss of vision in one eye following scoliosis surgery.

A 50-year-old woman developed left sided total external ophthalmoplegia and complete visual loss, with evidence of choroidal non-perfusion, immediately following scoliosis surgery. The ocular movements recovered, but the eye remained blind. It is suggested that these lesions may have resulted from pressure on the orbital contents during surgery.     

Therapeutic and cosmetic effect of cryocoagulation therapy of basaliomas in the area of the eye]

The authors evaluated the results of cryosurgical intervention in a group of patients with advanced basaliomas with surgically adverse localizations from the aspect of relapses and the cosmetic effect. Due to the simple procedure and achieved effect this technique is a considerable asset.     

Pain upon eye movement following digoxin absorption.

A patient who had received digoxin for 6 months experienced glare and ocular pain induced by eye movement. The symptoms lasted for 2 days and disappeared within hours after the treatment was discontinued. Four months later, digoxin was readministered. After 2 days, the symptoms reappeared but disappeared again within hours of stopping treatment. The origin of the pain is uncertain, although mechanisms related to optic nerve or ocular muscle involvement should be considered. Digoxin toxicity should be included in the differential diagnosis of pain evoked by ocular movements.     

影响葡萄膜黑色素瘤局部切除手术治疗预后的多因素分析

目的 观察葡萄膜黑色素瘤局部切除手术的疗效和安全性，探讨其影响预后的因素。 方法 回顾分析45例经组织病理学检查证实为葡萄膜黑色素瘤的患者行局部切除手术治疗的临床资料。分析患者年龄、性别、肿瘤最大直径、肿瘤部位、有无视网膜脱离、手术前后眼压、视力等基线资料以及手术方法、是否联合治疗等干预手段与生存预后的相互关系。将各因素作为协变量与肿瘤转移复发预后建立COX回归模型。 结果 各因素中，肿瘤最大直径和高度（P=0.04）、手术后眼压(P=0.03)、病理分型(P=0.04)、巩膜有无浸润(P=0.03)、肿瘤部位(P=0.01)、切除完整与否(P=0.00)与转移和复发有显著相关意义。20~40个月为肿瘤复发转移高发期。 结论 葡萄膜黑色素瘤局部切除手术是治疗该病的有效方法之一。手术后20~40个月时应密切随诊观察，必要时联合其他治疗。 (中华眼底病杂志, 2006, 22: 154-156)