院前静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的临床随机对照研究

目的　评价重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (rt PA)在院前救治急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的近期临床治疗效果 ,并探讨在院前对AMI患者进行静脉溶栓治疗的安全性和可行性。方法　对所收治的AMI患者进行分组 ,均给予rt PA( 5 0mg)进行静脉溶栓治疗 ,对比两者的冠状动脉再通率以及发病至溶栓时间延迟对rt PA静脉溶栓疗效的影响。结果　从患者发病至进行溶栓治疗的时间间隔 ,院前组平均比院内组缩短 2 .2小时 [( 2 .9± 1.4)小时比 ( 5 .1± 1.1)小时 ] ,P <0 .0 5 ;院前治疗组的冠状动脉总再通率为 90 % ,明显高于院内治疗组的 61.8% (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　院前应用rt PA( 5 0mg)进行静脉溶栓治疗安全、可行。     

院前、院内小剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的 :评价静脉小剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (rt PA)院前救治急性心肌梗死的临床疗效 ,及其安全性和可行性。　　方法 :所有确诊为急性心肌梗死的患者 ,院前给予小剂量rt PA (5 0mg)进行静脉溶栓治疗 (院前组 ,n =60 ) ,与院内应用小剂量rt PA (5 0mg)进行静脉溶栓的患者 (院内组 ,n =5 7)进行比较 ,观察发病—溶栓时间延迟对rt PA静脉溶栓疗效的影响。　　结果 :院前组的冠状动脉总再通率为 91 7% ,明显高于院内组的 80 7% (P <0 0 5 ) ;病死率两组相比无显著性差异 (3 3 %vs 3 5 % ,P >0 0 5 ) ;两组患者均无需要输血的严重出血并发症 ;两组轻度出血的发生率 ,分别占病例总数的3 3 %和 3 5 % ,无显著性差异。　　结论 :院前小剂量rt PA (5 0mg)静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死 ,只要适应证选择适当 ,能争取最大限度地挽救濒危的心肌组织 ,方法快速、简单、安全、有效 ,是可行的 ,并可能提高再通率。     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂与直接冠状动脉内支架术治疗心肌梗死的疗效比较

目的　比较小剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (rt PA)与直接冠状动脉 (冠脉 )支架术治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的临床疗效。方法　 131例患者接受小剂量rt PA 5 0mg静脉溶栓治疗 (溶栓组 ) ,130例患者接受梗死相关动脉 (IRA)直接冠脉支架术 (支架组 ) ,比较两组之间患者的临床治疗效果。结果　小剂量rt PA溶栓治疗组IRA再通率为 81 7%,直接冠脉支架组再通率为 98 5 %,两组差异有显著性 (P <0 0 0 0 0 1)。溶栓组再发心肌梗死、需要择期冠脉支架术明显高于支架组 (分别为7 6 %比 1 5 %,P <0 0 5 ;2 0 6 %比 0 ,P <0 0 0 0 1)。溶栓组住院期间左心室射血分数明显低于支架组[(5 5 6± 13 4 ) %比 (6 5 8± 9 2 ) %,P <0 0 0 0 1]。溶栓组平均住院天数也明显多于支架组 (16± 7比11± 4,P <0 0 0 0 1)。溶栓组住院病死率高于支架组 ,但差异无显著性 (6 1%比 3 1%,P >0 0 5 )。结论　与小剂量rt PA静脉溶栓比较 ,直接冠脉支架术可明显增加IRA的再通率 ,更好地保护心功能 ,并缩短患者的住院时间。     

院前急救与CCU室联合应用rt-PA与尿激酶治疗急性心肌梗死的对比分析

目的　观察重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (rt -PA)与尿激酶 (UK)静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的疗效。方法　将患者随机分为rt-PA和UK两组进行对比分析。结果　rt -PA组冠状动脉 (冠脉 )总再通率为 80 % (2 4/ 30 ) ,UK组冠脉总再通率为 6 0 % (18/ 30 ) ,患者在发病 <3h溶栓治疗 ,rt -PA组冠脉再通率为88 9% ,UK组冠脉再通率为 6 8 4% ,前者明显高于后者 ,统计学处理有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;4周住院病死率 :rt-PA组为 6 7% ,UK组为 13 3% ,前者低于后者 ,两组对比统计学处理具有明显统计学差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　rt-PA溶栓疗效优于UK ,尤其是在患者发病后 3h内进行溶栓治疗效果更佳 ,住院病死率低。     

老年人急性心肌梗死发病后不同时间溶栓治疗对血管再通的影响

目的 :研究急性心肌梗死 (AMI)发病后不同时间溶栓治疗对血管再通的影响。方法 :1 69例 >70岁老年人 AMI静脉溶栓治疗患者 ,根据发病后不同时间溶栓分为≤ 2 h,>2～ 4h,>4～ 6h,>6～ 1 2 h和 >1 2～ 2 4 h5组。结果 :5组血管再通率分别为 80 .8%、75.6%、71 .0 %、47.6%和 46.2 % ,前 3组与后 2组间比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5) ;病死率分别为 0、2 .5%、9.6%、1 4.3%和 1 5.4% ;开始溶栓至血管再通所需的时间与发病至溶栓的时间呈正相关(P <0 .0 5) ,发病 2 h内为 (58.3± 2 4 ) min,6～ 1 2 h则为 (1 2 6± 30 .3) min。结论 :>70岁老年人AMI发病 6h内溶栓治疗 ,血管再通效果最好 ,但对于发病时间 >6h～ 1 2 h和 >1 2 h～ 2 4 h的患者溶栓治疗仍有较好的效果     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死23例临床分析

目的观察重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue—type plasminogen activator,rt—PA)静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效,探讨溶栓时间窗。方法23例心肌梗死患应用rt—PA静脉溶栓治疗,通过观察临床症状、心电图、心肌酶谱的变化,判断冠状动脉再通率,并观察出血的发生率及严重程度。结果23例患溶栓后冠状动脉再通17例,其中,发病6小时内13例溶栓冠状动脉再通11例,发病6～12小时内10例溶栓冠状动脉再通6例;1例再通24小时发生再梗死;2例出现牙龈出血;1例出现皮下出血。结论rt—PA静脉溶栓治疗心肌梗死在发病6小时内应用疗效显,发病6～12小时应用仍然有效。     

基层医院急性心肌梗死治疗疗效观察

目的 观察基层医院急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期不同时间溶栓治疗的疗效.方法 124例AMI患者按发病到溶栓时间的不同分为5组:A组不超过2 h,B组2～4 h,C组4～6 h,D组6～12 h,静脉溶栓后观察各组患者冠状动脉再通率、并发症及死亡率.E组:静脉溶栓后冠状动脉不能再通但尚在发病后6 h以内者送外院进行补救性经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI).结果 本组患者冠状动脉再通率总体为67.0%.A、B、C、D组分别是82.1%、75.0%、72.4%、42.9%;总体出血发生率为8.9%,A、B、C、D组分别是0、6.7%、10.3%、17.1%;总体30 d内死亡率为8.9%,A、B、C、D组分别是0、3.1%、6.9%、22.9%,冠状动脉再通率、出血发生率、总体30 d内死亡率比较,A、B、C组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).但A、B、C组与D组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).E组患者5例中4例冠状动脉再通,成功率80%.结论 AMI静脉溶栓冠状动脉再通率与时间呈负相关,溶栓时间越早冠状动脉再通率越高,出血并发症越少,死亡率越低,进行补救性PCI可使冠状动脉再通率进一步提高.     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂治疗急性心肌梗死临床观察

目的探讨使用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(AMI)的有效性及安全性。方法对有适应证的ST段抬高型AMI患者在入急诊室0.2～1.0 h内采取rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,所有入选患者在就诊30 min内开始治疗。rt-PA 8 mg静脉注射,继之以42 mg在90min内静脉滴注,并观察血管冉通率、过敏反应、瓜血压、出血倾向、再灌注心律失常以及血管再闭塞情况。结果本组54例患者溶栓距发病时间为(4.6±1.6)h。冠状动脉再通成功45例(83.4%)。发病3 h以内溶栓的40例中,36例(90.9%)血管冉通成功;发病3～6 h溶栓的8例,6例(75.0%)冠状动脉再通成功;7 h 6例,3例(50.0%)冠状动脉再通成功。54例溶栓患者中,40～50岁12例,冠状动脉再通成功10例(83.3%);51～60岁16例,冠状动脉冉通成功15例(93.8%);61～70岁9例,冠状动脉再通成功8例(88.9%);71～80岁10例,冠状动脉再通成功6例(60.0%);81～90岁7例,再通成功6例(85.7%)。2例出现一过性牙龈出血,未见脑出血等严重并发症出现。结论 AMI采用rt-PA静脉溶栓操作简便易行,安全性好。     

链激酶治疗老年急性心肌梗死的临床分析

目的　探讨链激酶 (SK )治疗老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者的疗效。方法　对 138例链激酶静脉溶栓治疗的患者进行临床分析 ,按年龄分组 ,对溶栓后冠状动脉再通率、心脏事件发生率、病死率及出血并发症作临床分析。结果　 >6 5岁组的患者其血管再通率、心脏事件发生率、病死率及出血并发症与≤ 6 5岁的患者比较差异无显著性 [(70 .5 %比 77.7% (P >0 .0 5 ) ;40 .9%比 40 .4% (P >0 .0 5 ) ;15 .9%比 10 .6 % (P >0 .0 5 ) ;11.4%比 10 .6 % (P >0 .0 5 ) ]。结论　链激酶静脉溶栓治疗老年急性心肌梗死患者安全可行 ,但要视每位患者具体情况而定。     

急性心肌梗塞后不同时间溶栓治疗的临床观察

目的:观察急性心肌梗塞(AMI)后不同时间溶栓治疗的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析96例AMI患者的溶栓疗效,根据发病后时间溶栓分为0-2 h,>2-4 h,>4-6 h,>6-12 h四组。结果:四组血管再通率分别为86.7%、78.0%、71.4%、63.2%。早期治疗(0-6 h)组血管再通率(77.9%)与延迟治疗(>6-12 h)组的63.2%相比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);两组五周病死率、反复心绞痛和反复Ⅱ度以上房室传导阻滞(AVB)相比,差异显著(P<0.01)。结论:AMI发病后6 h内溶栓治疗,血管再通效果最好,住院病死率最低,但发病时间>6-12 h的患者溶栓治疗仍可取得较满意的效果。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.