aVR导联ST段抬高对非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死的意义

目的：探讨aVR导联ST段抬高（ ST segment elevation ,STSE）对于非STSE型急性心肌梗死（ acute myocardial infarction , AMI ）的预测价值。方法回顾性分析425例非STSE 型AMI患者的心电图资料,并观察各导联ST段压低情况及是否存在T波倒置。对所测定数据进行整理和统计学处理。结果 aVR导联STSE多见于完全性右束支阻滞、左心室肥厚以及V1导联STSE的患者,在其他导联广泛ST段压低的患者中也较为多见;此类情况在T波倒置患者中较少见。本研究中,22例在住院时死亡,其中5例死于心源性休克。患者住院死亡率的不断升高和aVR导联STSE的等级不断上升相关。多重变量分析表明,aVR导联STSE已经成为预测住院死亡的独立重要变量。 aVR导联STSE大都与住院患者的心肌缺血时间以及发生心力衰竭相关,但是与血清肌酸激酶或肌酸激酶同工酶 MB 的水平高低没有相关性。结论如果aVR导联STSE和严重冠状动脉病变之间的联系,能够在大样本非STSE型AMI患者群体中得到进一步验证,那么aVR导联STSE就可以成为选择早期介入治疗患者的一个较为有用的指标。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者救治效率和院内死亡率的性别差异性分析

目的分析成都地区ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者救治效率和院内全因死亡的性别差异。方法纳入2017年1月—2019年6月就诊于成都地区的11家医院的STEMI患者1 443例,其中369例(25.57%)是女性。比较不同性别患者的救治效率和院内全因死亡率,救治效率指标主要包括症状发作至球囊开通(S-to-B)时间、症状发作至首次医疗接触(S-to-FMC)时间和首次医疗接触至球囊开通(FMC-to-B)时间。结果女性患者更年长,合并高血压和糖尿病的比例更高,不典型胸痛/胸闷症状更常见(P<0.01);不同性别患者接受经皮冠脉介入术(PCI)的比例相当(P>0.05)。在行急诊PCI的STEMI患者中,女性患者的中位Sto-FMC时间(130 min vs 115 min,P=0.007)和S-to-B时间(300 min vs 265 min,P=0.001)更长,而FMC-to-B时间(123 min vs 114min,P=0.087)的延长无统计学意义。女性患者死亡率更高(13.3%vs 6.0%,P<0.001),且多因素的logistic回归分析显示女...     

医联体模式下胸痛中心区域协同救治体系建设对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的疗效和预后的影响

目的 观察医联体模式下胸痛中心(CPC)区域协同救治体系对直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PPCI)治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ASTEMI)患者的疗效和预后的影响。方法 共纳入181例接受PPCI治疗的ASTEMI患者作为研究对象,其中非120急救中心转运的患者为对照组(n=139),医联体单位和120急救中心转运的患者为观察组(n=42)。比较两组患者CPC质控指标和近期预后情况。结果 观察组发病至首次医疗接触时间、发病至首份心电图时间、导管室激活时间、发病至(本院)医院大门时间、发病至球囊扩张时间、医院大门至球囊扩张(D2B)时间和治疗后3个月内心力衰竭发生率均短/低于对照组,首次医疗接触至球囊扩张时间、D2B达标率均长/高于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组住院死亡率、院内心力衰竭发生率、治疗后3个月内死亡率、住院时间和住院费用差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 医联体模式下CPC区域协同救治体系的建立,可强化院前急救,缩短D2B时间,提升D2B达标率,提高对ASTEMI患者的救治能力和救治效率,降低治疗后3个月内心力衰竭的发生率,具有可行性和有效性。     

急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死NT-proBNP与急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死NT-proBNP对比观察

目的探讨急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死NT-proBNP的水平与急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死NTproBNP水平有无差异。方法对201例即符合＂急性心肌梗死诊断标准＂又距离发病时间小于12小时的病人,入院后立即采静脉血3毫升,使用广州万孚生物技术股份有限公司生产的＂飞测＂免疫荧光检测仪检测NT-proBNP;根据心电图分为急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死组与急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死组,将两组的NT-proBNP进行对比观察,进行统计学分析。结果急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死组NT-proBNP的水平明显高于急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死组NT-proBNP水平,两组对比有显著差异,P〈0.01。结论 NT-proBNP的水平与急性心肌梗死时冠状动脉是否完全闭塞,导致心肌细胞坏死的多少有密切关系。     

ST段抬高与急性心肌梗死

心肌梗死时ST段抬高是心肌急性损伤的标志,是心梗早期诊断和再灌注治疗选择的重要依据;成功的心肌再灌注治疗可缩短ST段的演变时程,ST段的早期快速回降是心肌组织水平再灌注的客观指标;ST段抬高的幅度、导联数、形态和演变(动态变化),特别是ST段的再抬高和持续抬高均有重要的临床意义.     

急性心肌梗死ST段抬高形态的临床意义

心电图ＳＴ段抬高是急性心肌梗死的最早期表现之一 ,其规律性演变过程是诊断急性心肌梗死的重要标准。急性心肌梗死时多种形态的ＳＴ段抬高早有记载 ,但对各种形态抬高的临床意义国内外鲜有报道。本文论述急性心肌梗死时各种形态ＳＴ段抬高及其临床意义 ,着重讨论墓碑形ＳＴ段抬高的特性及其对急性心肌梗死的预后意义。一、ＳＴ段抬高的类型急性心肌梗死时 ,ＳＴ段抬高可呈不同形态 ,在评价其临床意义时应注意抬高幅度、形态 ,并结合Ｔ波改变情况综合分析。１．凹面形抬高 (图１)急性心肌梗死时 ,ＳＴ段呈凹面向上抬高 ,可持续数ｈ至～数周 …     

非ST段抬高型心肌梗死与ST段抬高型心肌梗死的临床特征

急性心肌梗死根据心电图有无ST段抬高,分为ST段抬高型心肌梗死与及非ST段抬高型心肌梗死.二者治疗方案及预后不同[1].为了探讨非ST段抬高型心肌梗死与ST段抬高型心肌梗死临床特征的区别,本文就我院收治的急性心肌梗死患者进行回顾性分析. 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 研究对象为2010年7月至2011年12月我院收治的102例急性心肌梗死患者,均表现为持续心前区疼痛或胸骨后不适感,肌钙蛋白-Ⅰ及心肌酶学均显著增高.     

非ST段抬高与ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死冠状动脉病变特征比较

目的比较非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(NSTEAMI)与ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEAMI)冠状动脉病变的特点。方法回顾NSTEAMI与STEAMI患者的临床及冠状动脉造影资料,分析二者的临床特点及冠状动脉病变血管的支数、狭窄程度及侧支循环情况。结果NSTEAMI组的多支病变率为76.00%、≥75%的严重狭窄率为53.00%,侧支循环率为36.00%,三者均高于STEAMI组,而完全闭塞率为10.00%,低于STEAMI组。两组间高血压、糖尿病患病率差异无统计学意义。在病变血管的构成上组间无差异。结论NSTEAMI的冠状动脉病变程度高于STEAMI,完全闭塞率低于后者,二者具有不同的冠状动脉病变特点。     

不同入院方式对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者救治效率的影响

目的 分析不同入院方式对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者接受介入治疗时效性和院内病死率的影响。方法 入选2017年1月至2019年6月于成都市9家医院接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PPCI)的STEMI患者1 044例进行回顾性分析,根据入院方式分为救护车组(100例)、自行来院组(584例)和转院组(360例)。收集3组患者的救治时效性指标,即再灌注时间(包括发病至到达医院大门时间、进入医院大门至球囊扩张时间)和心肌总缺血时间(指发病至球囊扩张时间),以及院内死亡发生情况。比较3组患者的救治时效性指标和院内全因病死率,并采用多因素logistic回归分析入院方式是否为接受PPCI的STEMI患者院内死亡的影响因素。结果 救护车组患者心肌总缺血时间比自行来院组[180.0(135.0,282.0)min比278.0(177.8,478.5)min,P<0.05]和转院组[180.0(135.0,282.0)min比301.0(204.3,520.8)min,P<0.05]短。关于发病至到达医院大门时间,救护车组<自行来院组<转院组[100.0(56.3...     

吸烟对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的影响

吸烟与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的风险增加密切相关,它影响着冠状动脉粥样硬化的各个阶段。STEMI在冠状动脉内血栓完全阻塞管腔时发生,除典型症状以外,心电图会显示ST段抬高,此时应尽快行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),重症患者在急诊PCI术之前也可以进行溶栓治疗。STEMI患者的短期预后优于非STEMI患者,但在长期预后上两者无较大差异。与非吸烟者相比,吸烟的STEMI患者对PCI及药物治疗的反应可能不同。病理学、临床研究和影像学研究对吸烟这一危险因素导致的STEMI给予了高度关注,这也为吸烟患者的治疗提供了新思路。本文将从吸烟及STEMI在国内外的流行病特点、吸烟在冠状动脉粥样硬化形成中的影响和作用、吸烟对STEMI发生的影响和作用、吸烟对STEMI患者预后的影响这四方面进行综述。     

Pneumomediastinum mimicking acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Pneumomediastinum is characterized by dissecting air within the connective tissues supporting the mediastinum. This condition has been associated with multiple electrocardiographic abnormalities including T-wave inversion, electrical alternans, loss of R wave progression, and low voltage QRS. We describe a case of pneumomediastinum with electrocardiographic changes mimicking acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Laboratory studies and echocardiography demonstrated no evidence of myocardial injury, and the electrocardiographic abnormality promptly resolved with resolution of the pneumomediastinum. The apparent ST-segment elevation appeared to be the result of electrocardiographic artifact, possibly related to epidermal stretch synchronous with the cardiac cycles.     

Hypercalcemia-induced ST-segment elevation mimicking acute myocardial infarction

We describe a patient who presented with abdominal pain radiating to the chest and ST elevation in the precordial leads, mimicking acute myocardial infarction. Urgent coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries and his serum troponin has not increased. Subsequently, he was found to have severe hypercalcemia. ST segment elevation resolved after correction of hypercalcemia. This phenomenon of ST elevation secondary to hypercalcemia has been described only two times in the English literature to date.     

Enoxaparin for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with persistent ST-segment elevation

Enoxaparin (E) is a low-molecular-weight heparin which has been proven more effective than unfractionated heparin (UFH) for the treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Limited and inconclusive on the other hand, are the data on the use of E in acute myocardial infarction with persistent ST-segment elevation (STEAMI). Therefore, we performed a review of the literature in order to evaluate the level of evidence relative to the efficacy and safety of E in such a clinical setting. The effect of E in STEAMI has been evaluated in 7 clinical studies, including a total of about 9500 patients. Compared to placebo, E resulted more effective on the incidence of the combined end-point of death, re-infarction and recurrent angina in the study by Glick et al. and on the patency of the infarct-related artery in the AMI-SK study. Compared to UFH, E resulted more effective on the incidence of the combined end-point of death, reinfarction and unstable angina in the study by Baird et al. and of in-hospital re-infarction and refractory ischemia rates in both ASSENT-3 and ASSENT-3 PLUS, while the effect on the patency of the infarct-related artery, which was evaluated in HART-II and ENTIRE-TIMI 23, resulted non univocal. Overall, bleeding complications were more frequent than with placebo and comparable to UFH, with the exception of ASSENT-3 PLUS where pre-hospital administration of E was associated with a doubled incidence of intracranial bleeding (although only in patients older than 75 years). In conclusion, the administration of E, in association with aspirin and thrombolytics, already appears a possible therapeutic option for the treatment of STEAMI, due to its good efficacy and safety profile, along with its easiness of use. However, prior to have its use recommended, the current B level of evidence of a superior efficacy and safety compared to UFH needs to be reinforced. Further-more, some open issues relative to the use of E in particular settings (aged patients, in association with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and during percutaneous coronary revascularization) need to be clarified.     

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Opinion statement ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) is an emergency medical condition. Expediting the steps leading to coronary reperfusion is of critical importance in improving survival after acute MI. After the diagnosis of acute MI is made, patients should be treated with oxygen, aspirin, nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, heparin, and analgesics, barring any contraindications. If an experienced cardiac catheterization laboratory is available within 60 to 90 minutes, then catheter-based reperfusion therapy is recommended; otherwise, thrombolysis should be considered as an alternate therapy. Therapy with a reduced-dose thrombolytic agent and a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor appears to be of an added benefit in establishing TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) 3 flow, but this approach awaits final approval prior to widespread use. The adjunctive use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, with or without stenting, appears to be beneficial and is being used more frequently in the acute setting. Coronary angiography should be performed in patients who fail to respond to thrombolytic therapy or who have evidence of recurrent ischemia. This procedure should not be routinely performed in patients who have responded to thrombolytic therapy. Four to 6 days after an acute MI event, assessment of left ventricular function is recommended. Submaximal exercise test (with or without nuclear or echocardiographic imaging) should be considered in patients prior to discharge from the hospital—an exception can be made in patients with one-vessel disease treated successfully with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. After discharge, a regular exercise test should be obtained 4 to 6 weeks after an uncomplicated acute MI event. Secondary prevention measures such as weight loss, cessation of smoking, aspirin, beta-blockers, lipid-lowering agents, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors should be considered in all patients, barring contraindications.     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死的抗栓与再灌注治疗

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)治疗的现代治疗策略是"尽早、充分、持续开通梗死相关血管",即再灌注治疗,并已被所有专家认可且极力推荐.当我们不断强调溶栓和急诊PCI优越性的同时,不要忘记或轻视辅助再灌注治疗的抗栓疗法,包括抗血小板治疗和抗凝治疗.     

rt-PA治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死的疗效

目的：探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）患者应用瑞替普酶（rt-PA）静脉内溶栓的临床效果。方法：94例STEMI患者给予rt-PA静脉内溶栓,分析其溶栓再通率、再灌注心律失常情况、不良反应发生率和急性期病死率。结果：应用rt-PA静脉内溶栓的患者再通率88．3％;牙龈出血、恶心、呕吐等并发症发生率9．5％,无严重的出血并发症（如脑出血、消化道大出血等）;室性早搏等再灌注心律失常发生率73．4％。结论：应用rt-PA静脉内溶栓治疗AMI,再通率较高,出血并发症少。     

替罗非班在急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗中的应用

冠状动脉粥样斑块破裂或蚀损及继发性血栓形成是导致急性心肌梗死(AMl)的主要发病机制。近年来随着ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的广泛开展,及多重抗血小板药物的联合治疗,明显降低了AMI患者的死亡率及再梗死率等不良心血管事件。国内外众多研究已证实糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂的应用可以提供有效的抗血小板作用,减少血栓负荷和继发的远端微循环栓塞,有助于真正恢复冠脉血流和心肌组织水平灌注,使PCI前后获益。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并心脏破裂的列线图模型建立

目的]分析急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者发生心脏破裂(CR)的风险因素,并依此构建急性STEMI患者合并CR的列线图模型。 [方法]通过宁夏医科大学总医院大数据研究平台、医院信息系统检索连续纳入2015年1月—2019年12月急性STEMI患者5 412例,其中合并CR的91例患者为CR组,5 321例未合并CR患者为非CR组。运用LASSO回归、单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析急性STEMI患者合并CR的风险因素,并建立CR的列线图预测模型。分别运用受试者工作特征曲线、Hosmer-Lemeshow检验、临床决策曲线分析法(DCA)对建立的列线图模型进行验证和评估。 [结果]LASSO回归结果显示年龄、女性、高血压病史、首次医疗接触时间、休克指数、Killip分级、白细胞计数、D二聚体、乳酸、前壁心肌梗死、24 h内服用β受体阻滞剂、24 h内服用血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ACEI/ARB)药物、急诊PCI共13个变量为CR的风险因素(P＜0.05)。把筛选出的13个风险因素分别进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,结果提示年龄、Killip分级、首次医疗接触时间、白细胞计数、未行急诊PCI、24 h内未服用ACEI/ARB药物是急性STEMI患者合并CR的风险因素。依据上述6个风险变量建立急性STEMI合并CR列线图模型。该列线图模型内部验证前后ROC曲线下面积分别为0.946(95%CI:0.927～0.961)、0.947(95%CI:0.927～0.959),灵敏度分别为0.957、0.904,特异度分别为0.858、0.876,说明该模型具有较好的区分度。运用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验证明该模型的预测价值和实际观测值之间的偏差没有统计学意义(χ²＝12.70,P＝0.122),说明列线图模型具有较好的校准度。DCA曲线提示模型的预测概率阈值在0.00～0.40之间,临床净获益最高,说明具有较好的临床效能。 [结论]本研究建立的列线图模型有较好的区分度、校准度和临床效能,能有效预测急性STEMI合并CR的发生概率,为临床诊疗工作提供一定帮助,以期降低CR发生率。