血清胃蛋白酶原对胃癌筛查价值的探讨

目的探讨血清胃蛋白酶原在胃癌筛查中的价值。方法用ELISA方法对1102名患者血清PG水平进行检测,并行内镜病理组织学检查,采用ROC曲线确定PG筛查胃癌的最佳界定值。结果与对照组、萎缩性胃炎组、胃良性溃疡组相比,早期胃癌组、进展期胃癌组PGI、PGR下降(P<0.05),进展期胃癌组PGI、PGR较早期胃癌组下降(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,早期胃癌组、进展期胃癌组、胃良性溃疡组PGII升高(P<0.05)。PGI及PGR在ROC曲线下面积为0.920和0.831,对胃癌的诊断价值较高。PGI≤71.50μg/L或PGR≤4.50作为筛查标准时,对胃癌高危人群筛查的灵敏度为83.33%,特异度为82.25%。结论血清PGI、PGR在不同胃部病变中的表达水平不一致,对胃癌的早期筛查和早期诊断具有重要价值。PGI≤71.50μg/L或PGR≤4.50是东莞地区筛查胃癌较合适的界定值。     

胃蛋白酶原在胃癌诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨血清胃蛋白酶原(PG)水平在胃癌诊断中的临床价值。方法 选择经胃镜活检和病理形态学确诊的浅表性胃炎组68例、慢性萎缩性胃炎组66例、胃癌组65例和体检健康组60例。采集所有对象静脉血分离血清,检测血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(PGⅠ)和胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(PGⅡ),并计算PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值(PGR)。结果 胃癌组PGⅡ、PGR水平和其它三组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGR诊断胃癌临界值分别为72.95μg/L、8.95μg/L、4.08,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.613、0.817、0.827,敏感度分别为53.4%、87.9%、65.5%,特异度分别为88.2%、56.7%、84.4%,准确度分别为61.3%、81.7%、82.7%,联合PGⅡ和PGR诊断胃癌的ROC最大曲线下面积为0.839,敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为84.5%、72%和83.9%。结论 联合检测PGⅡ和PGR可提高胃癌诊断的准确性,临界值为PGⅡ≥9.0μg/L且PGR≤4.58,可为本地区体检高危人群的筛查提供依据。     

血清胃蛋白酶原及胃泌素-17水平与胃癌的相关性研究

目的 探讨血清胃蛋白酶原(PG)I、PGⅡ、PG I/PGⅡ(PGR)及胃泌素-17(GAS-17)水平在胃癌患者中的诊断价值及相关性.方法 选取该院454例胃部疾病患者,104例健康者(对照组),分别检测各组血清PG I、PGⅡ、PGR及GAS-17水平.绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGR及GAS-17水平在胃癌和非胃癌组中的诊断价值,并应用Lo-gistic回归模型分析胃癌的独立危险因素.结果 胃癌组、萎缩性胃炎组和非萎缩性胃炎组血清PGI及PGR明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),且胃癌组血清PG I及PGR明显低于萎缩性胃炎组、非萎缩性胃炎组和胃溃疡组(P＜0.05).胃癌组血清GAS-17水平明显高于对照组、非萎缩性胃炎组和胃溃疡组(P＜0.05).胃癌组与对照组血清PGⅡ水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).进展期胃癌组血清PGI及PGR明显低于早期胃癌组(P＜0.05),而血清GAS-17水平明显高于早期胃癌组(P＜0.05).胃癌TNM分期越高,血清PG I水平降低越明显(P＜0.05),血清GAS-17水平升高越明显(P＜0.05).ROC曲线显示,血清PGI、PGⅡ、PGR、GAS-17及联合检测对胃癌组的诊断效能优于非胃癌组,且4项联合检测的曲线下面积(AUC)高于单项检测,其灵敏度和特异度分别为83.7％和76.8％.多元Logistic回归分析发现胃癌家族史、不正确的饮食习惯、PG I及GAS-17进入回归模型,其OR值及95％CI分别为6.481(3.562～11.316)、2.843(1.103～6.918)、2.624(1.094～4.521)、1.735 (1.046～3.912).结论 血清PGI、GAS-17及PGR水平变化与胃癌的病程进展及分化程度相关,联合检测有助于提高胃癌的阳性诊断率.     

血清胃蛋白酶原在良恶性胃部疾病诊断中的临床应用

目的:探讨血清胃蛋白酶原在良恶性胃部疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法:应用化学发光微粒子免疫分析法检测222例不同胃部疾病患者PGⅠ、PGⅡ并计算其比值(PGR)。结果:采用单因素方差分析,发现PGⅠ、PGR在胃癌组与其他3组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),十二指肠溃疡组PGⅠ水平升高(P<0.05)。PGⅠ、PGR诊断胃癌的最佳临界值分别为66.9 ng/m L和4.43,诊断胃癌ROC曲线下面积分别为0.641、0.681,灵敏度分别为51%、55%,特异度分别为73%、80%,将PGⅠ与PGR进行串联后其灵敏度为28.1%,特异度提高为94.6%。PGⅠ、PGR和PGⅠ+PGR串联后胃癌组阳性率高于其他3组(PGⅠ,χ~2=15.878,P=0.001;PGR,χ~2=33.881,P=0.000;PGⅠ+PGR,χ~2=37.303,P=0.000)。结论:PGⅠ、PGR对胃部良恶性病变鉴别具有重要的应用价值,值得临床推广。     

血清Hp-IgG、PGⅠ与PGR水平对胃癌临床筛查的价值

目的探讨血清胃蛋白酶原(PG)水平、PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值(PGR)和幽门螺杆菌IgG抗体(Hp-IgG)在萎缩性胃炎、早期胃癌中的临床筛查价值。方法选取2014年1月至2016年1月因胃部不适行胃镜检查的患者260例,根据胃镜和组织活检病理学结果将受检查分为正常对照组(n=40)、萎缩性胃炎组(n=66)、早期胃癌组(n=55)、进展期胃癌组(n=58)、胃溃疡组(n=42)。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)定量检测各组血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平和定性分析血清Hp-IgG水平,并进行比较,分析Hp-IgG、PGⅠ和PGR联合筛查早期胃癌的灵敏度和特异度。结果与正常对照组相比,其余四组的Hp-IgG抗体阳性率显著提高(P0.05),均大于80%。萎缩性胃炎组和早、晚胃癌组的PGⅠ和PGR水平均显著降低(P0.05),且Hp-IgG阳性者的PGⅠ水平显著高于阴性者(P0.05),根据接受者操作特征曲线(ROC),联合诊断早期胃癌的灵敏度和特异度均高于单项检测灵敏度。结论 Hp-IgG、PGⅠ、PGR水平的联合检测具有一定的可靠性和准确度,可以进一步推广,提高胃癌及其癌前病变的筛查率。     

联合检测血清胃蛋白酶原、胃泌素-17、HP抗体在部队官兵慢性萎缩性胃炎诊断中的价值

目的 通过测定不同胃疾病患者的血清胃蛋白酶原（PGⅠ、PGⅡ）、两者比值（PGR）以及胃泌素-17(G-17)、幽门螺杆菌（HP）抗体水平，探讨联合检测PG、G-17、HP抗体诊断部队官兵慢性萎缩性胃炎的价值。方法 选取2020年7月至2021年7月行胃镜检查的门诊及住院部队官兵共236例，均有消化不良症状，年龄22～81岁[（56.70±10.15）岁]。每名患者均抽血进行了PGⅠ、PGⅡ、G-17和HP抗体检测。结果 共236名患者纳入研究，非萎缩性胃炎组133例，萎缩性胃炎组103例。萎缩性胃炎组PGⅠ、PGR的水平低于非萎缩性胃炎组，G-17水平高于非萎缩性胃炎组。HP阳性组PGR水平低于HP阴性组，PGⅡ、G-17水平高于HP阴性组。PGⅠ、PGR、G-17诊断慢性萎缩性胃炎的最佳临界值分别为68.84μg/L、6.33、4.73 pmol/L，灵敏度分别为0.72、0.91、0.78，特异度分别为0.59、0.57、0.55。受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.68、0.79、0.65。而联合检测法诊断慢性萎缩性胃炎的最佳临界值为9.50分，灵敏度为...     

血清sHLA-G、PGR联合幽门螺杆菌检测在老年人群早期胃癌筛查中的价值

目的 探讨血清可溶性人白细胞抗原-G(sHLA-G）、胃蛋白酶原比值（PGR）联合幽门螺杆菌(Hp）检测对老年人群早期胃癌筛查的意义。方法 回顾性分析2020年2月—2021年12月江苏省省级机关医院223例胃部不适患者的临床资料。统计所有患者临床病理检查结果;比较不同病变类型患者血清sHLA-G、PGR水平及Hp阳性率;比较胃癌组和非胃癌组患者临床资料;多因素Logistic回归分析影响老年人群早期胃癌发生的因素;绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,以曲线下面积（AUC）评价血清sHLA-G、PGR、Hp及三者联合对老年人群早期胃癌筛查的诊断价值。结果 223例患者病理检查结果最终经临床确诊,早期胃癌36例,癌前病变52例,慢性萎缩性胃炎60例,慢性浅表性胃炎75例。胃癌、癌前病变及慢性萎缩性胃炎患者血清sHLA-G、Hp阳性率高于慢性浅表性胃炎患者（P <0.05),PGR低于慢性浅表性胃炎患者（P <0.05）;胃癌、癌前病变患者血清sHLA-G、Hp阳性率高于萎缩性胃炎患者（P <0.05),PGR低于萎缩性胃炎患者（P <0.05）;胃癌患者血清sHLA...     

PG-Ⅰ、PG-Ⅱ、PGR联合可溶性CD44v6检测对早期胃癌的诊断价值

目的探讨胃蛋白酶原-I(PG-I)、胃蛋白酶原-II(PG-II)、PG-I/PG-II(PGR)联合可溶性CD44v6检测对早期胃癌的诊断价值。方法选取北京市第一中西医结合医院2017年11月至2019年11月期间收治的胃癌患者42例,癌前病变56例。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清PG-I、PG-II、可溶性CD44v6,并计算PGR值;采用胶体金法检测患者幽门螺杆菌(HP),比较两组患者PG-I、PG-II、PGR、HP阳性率及可溶性CD44v6检测结果;并采用ROC曲线评价血清PG-I、PG-II、PGR联合可溶性CD44v6水平单独及联合诊断早期胃癌的效能。结果胃癌组PG-I(130.68±36.16)μg/L及PGR(10.94±2.06)水平均明显低于癌前病变组[(168.22±42.06)μg/L、(16.43±3.58)],PG-II水平(18.75±4.69)μg/L及HP阳性率(83.3%)明显高于癌前病变组[(14.74±3.07)μg/L、(35.7%)],差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。胃癌组CD44v6水平(98.35±16.18)ng/mL高于癌前病变组(68.06±12.86)ng/mL,阳性率(76.2%)也高于癌前病变组(26.8%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清PG-I、PG-II、PGR联合可溶性CD44v6水平诊断早期胃癌的敏感度、特异度分别为94.00%、88.00%,均高于单独诊断。结论 PG-I、PG-II、PGR联合可溶性CD44v6检测可有效为早期胃癌的诊断提供依据,可广泛推广。     

血清胃蛋白酶原联合肿瘤坏死因子α检测在幽门螺杆菌相关性胃疾病诊断中的意义

【摘要】目的 检测幽门螺杆菌（Hp）相关性胃疾病患者血清中胃蛋白酶原（PG）与肿瘤坏死因子（TNF α）,并探讨PG与TNF α在Hp相关性胃疾病诊断中的意义。方法 选取2018年1月~2019年3月于本院接受治疗的237例Hp相关性胃疾病患者为研究对象作为Hp相关性胃疾病组,其中73例为非萎缩性胃炎,66例为萎缩性胃炎,68例为消化性溃疡,30例为胃癌;同期选取195例健康体检者作为对照组（CG组）。采用乳胶免疫比浊法检测各组血清中的PGⅠ、PGⅡ以及酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）TNF α水平,同时检测各组患者Hp感染情况;分析PGⅠ、PGⅡ及PGR和TNF α对Hp相关性胃疾病的诊断价值。结果 Hp相关性胃疾病组血清中TNF α、PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平均显著高于CG组,PGR水平显著低于CG组（P＜005）;萎缩性胃炎患者血清中PGⅠ、PGR水平显著低于非萎缩性胃炎（P＜005）;消化性溃疡患者血清中TNF α、PGⅡ水平显著高于非萎缩性胃炎和萎缩性胃炎,PGⅠ水平显著高于萎缩性胃炎,PGR水平低于非萎缩性胃炎高于萎缩性胃炎（P＜005）;胃癌患者血清中PGⅠ、PGR水平显著低于非萎缩性胃炎、萎缩性胃炎及消化性溃疡,TNF α、PGⅡ水平高于非萎缩性胃炎和萎缩性胃炎（P＜005）;Hp阳性的非萎缩性胃炎、萎缩性胃炎患者血清中TNF α水平均显著高于Hp阴性组（P＜005）;Hp阳性的萎缩性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌患者血清中PGⅠ水平均显著高于Hp阴性组（P＜005）;Hp阳性的非萎缩性胃炎、萎缩性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌患者患者血清中PGⅡ、PGR水平均显著高于Hp阴性组（P＜005）;TNF α、PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGR诊断Hp相关性胃疾病患者的AUC分别为0842（95%CI:0807~0877）、0.844（95%CI:0808~0879）、0864（95%CI:0831~0896）、0874（95%CI:0789~0906）,截断值分别为14563、114404、25483、4710,特异性分别为645%、698%、755%、657%,敏感度分别为897%、877%、862%、959%;PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGR分别与TNF α联合诊断Hp相关性胃疾病患者的AUC分别为0922（95%CI:0898~0945）、0925（95%CI:0902~0948）、0937（95%CI:0916~0951）,特异性分别为792%、857%、804%,敏感度为933%、851%、938%。结论 PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGR联合TNF α可作为诊断Hp相关性胃疾病的参考指标,对Hp感染胃疾病的癌前病变及早期胃癌诊断有重要意义。     

胃癌患者血清PG、Hcy和VEGF联合检测的诊断价值

目的 探讨血清胃蛋白酶原（pepsinogen,PG）、同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy）和血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）联合检测在胃癌诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 选取2019年12月至2021年2月滨州市中心医院收治的80例胃癌患者作为胃癌组,80例胃部良性病变患者作为良性病变组,同时选取100例健康体检者作为对照组。检测PG、Hcy和VEGF在各组中的表达水平,采用受试者操作特征（receiver operator characteristic,ROC）曲线分析PG、Hcy和VEGF联合检测的诊断价值。结果 与对照组比较,良性病变组和胃癌组PGⅠ、PGR均降低,PGⅡ、Hcy、VEGF均升高,差异均有统计学意义（P>0.05）。与良性病变组比较,胃癌组的PGⅠ降低,Hcy、VEGF升高,差异均有统计学意义（P>0.05）。PG、Hcy和VEGF分别进行单独检验时,其对于胃癌诊断的敏感度和特异性都不高,当PG、Hcy和VEGF联合检测时,其敏感度为71%,特异性为89%,能提高胃癌的诊断率。...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.