B超对外伤性白内障后囊损伤的诊断

目的 应用B超术前检查外伤性白内障后囊的状态并与手术所见晶体后囊损伤进行临床对比。方法 穿通伤所致外伤性白内障48眼，术前B超判定晶体后囊是否完整。显微镜下行外伤性白内障摘除，目测判断晶体后囊是否破损。结果 后囊完整组25眼，术中证实后囊完整者22眼，符合率为88．0％；后囊不完整者23眼，术中证实后囊均存有破损，符合率为100．0％。结论 B超对外伤性白内障术前晶体后囊状态可提供重要的参考，对手术操作和选择手术方式有指导意义。     

外伤性白内障术前B超检查的临床意义

目的 探讨外伤性白内障术前采用Ｂ超检查后囊破损情况的临床意义。方法 外伤性白内障３０只眼,术前采用Ｂ超检查评估后囊情况,显微镜下白内障摘除术中直接观察后囊情况并记录。结果 １４只眼术前Ｂ超检查后囊完整,手术证实１２只眼后囊完整,２只眼后囊小破坏。１６只眼术前Ｂ超检查后囊破损,手术证实１４只眼后囊存在大小不等的破损,２只眼后囊完整。结论 外伤性白内障术前Ｂ超检查为非侵入性、无痛性检查方法,操作简便,     

外伤性白内障术前眼B超检查临床情况分析

目的探讨外伤性白内障术前眼B超检查后囊破损情况分析。方法外伤性白内障60眼,术前采用眼B超检查评估后囊情况,在手术显微镜下白内障摘出术中直接观察后囊情况并记录。结果 24眼术前眼B超检查后囊完整,手术证实22眼后囊完整、2眼后囊小破损。26眼术前眼B超检查后囊破损,手术证实24眼后囊存在大小不等的破损、2眼后囊完整。结论外伤性白内障术前B超检查为非侵入性无痛性检查方法、操作简便,直观性强,准确率高,可用为术前了解外伤性白内障后囊破损情况的常规检查方法。     

伴有后囊缺陷的后极白内障的超声乳化手术

目的评价后极白内障的手术技巧和疗效。方法后极白内障31例（49只眼），总结术前术中后囊情况、手术低参数超声乳化技巧、术中并发症以及术后视力。结果术中后囊完整透明31只眼（63．26％），点状浑浊但保持完整10只眼（20．41％），术中后囊破裂8只眼（18．33％）。术后矫正视力：0．1—0．3者3只眼（6．12％），0．4-0．6者21只眼（42．86％），0．8～1．0者25只眼（51．02％）。结论后极白内障术中后囊破裂发生率比普通白内障高。通过特定的超乳仪器低参数设计、轻柔的水分层、黏弹剂辅助减少眼压大幅度变动等操作可以有效地减少术中并发症并提高术后视力。     

晶状体外伤20MHz B超观察分析

目的分析20MHz B超观察眼外伤晶状体改变中的应用价值。方法回顾性调查分析住院眼外伤患者晶状体外伤手术资料完整者15例(15眼),将术中所见晶状体情况与术前20MHz B超检查结果进行比较,分析20MHz B超的检查价值。结果经手术证实晶体状后囊完整者13例,2例手术中可见后囊破裂;经手术证实晶状体内异物2例,均与20MHz B超术前检查结果相符。手术后视力低于0.01者1眼,0.01~0.1者2眼,0.12~0.3者8眼,0.5或以上4眼,较术前明显提高。结论20 MHz超声对于晶状体外伤诊断有较高的诊断意义,可以运用于外伤性白内障晶状体囊检查,对于晶状体内异物有比较明确的诊断,同时观察晶状体内异物位置和后囊情况有助于设计手术方式。     

后房型人工晶体巩膜缝线固定术

本研究主要探索白内障囊内摘除术后或白内障囊外伴后囊破损者，采用巩膜缝线固定技术植入后房型人工晶体的临床效果及并发症。２３例（２３眼），１３眼为白内障囊内摘除无晶体眼，１０眼为白内障囊外摘除术后后囊破裂或外伤性白内障后囊不完整，用巩膜缝线固定晶体襻技术植入后房型人工晶体。本组病例随访３－１６个月（平均８．３个月），视力在４．７（０．５）以上者２１眼，５．０（１．０）以上者１３眼，未发现严重手术并发症     

囊膜破裂的外伤性白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术

目的 探讨囊膜破裂的外伤性白内障摘除Ⅰ期人工晶体植入术的临床疗效及安全性。方法 术中利用黏弹剂配合玻璃体切割术，对35眼囊膜已破裂的外伤性白内障，进行手术摘除及Ⅰ期人工晶体植入术。结果 术后矫正视力≥0．5者30眼，占85．7％；0．1～0．4者4眼，占11．43％；0．1以下者1眼，占2．8％。未见任何严重手术并发症发生。结论 由于显微手术的开展，黏弹剂及玻璃体切割术的应用，复杂的囊膜破裂的外伤性白内障摘除Ⅰ期人工晶体植入术已变得安全、有效。     

高频B超诊断仪在外伤性白内障诊疗中的应用

高频B超仪检查外伤性白内障346眼。发现外伤性白内障的声像图大多表现为晶体后囊呈较长的圆弧形强回声带。经临床手术,ERG等验证,B超诊断的临床符合率达96.8％。利用B超SRK公式测算人工晶体度数,并按此度数植入人工晶体的病例,术后5周内矫正屈光度平均误差为+1.93D、-1.76D。较估算法结果更准确。     

后囊破损的Ⅱ期后房型人工晶体植人术

目的探讨后囊破损Ⅱ期后房型人工晶体植入术的临床疗效。方法对２２例（２２只眼）后囊破损的白内障术后患者,根据后囊破损的大小和位置,分别采用睫状沟或囊袋内固定和缝线睫状沟单襻或双襻固定的Ⅱ期后房型人工晶体植入术。结果后囊破损的Ⅱ期后房型人工晶体植入术术后矫正视力≥０．５者占５９．１％（１３例）,术后前房及人工晶体表面渗出者占２２．７％（５例）,而同期所做的后囊破损的Ⅰ期后房型人工晶体植入术者术后矫正视力≥０．５者占４０％,术后前房及晶体表面渗出者占４０％。结论后囊破损的白内障患者,在破损的范围不能确定或范围过大时,主张选择Ⅱ期后房型人工晶体植入术。     

外伤性白内障摘除后房型人工晶体植入术实验与临床

前瞻性研究外伤性白内障后房型人工晶体植入术的疗效。在实验基础上，临床对39眼外伤性白内障施行现代白内障囊外摘除及后房型人工晶体植入术。结果：术后出院视力均≥0．1，其中0．5以上者22眼，占56．4％。术中并发症以后囊破裂稍多见；术后并发症以虹膜炎、角膜水肿最常见。重点讨论了手术时间及开罐截囊方法。结论，外伤性白内障摘除后房型人工晶体植入，是无晶体限矫正屈光不正的合理方法，可迅速恢复视力。     

后囊破裂型外伤性白内障人工晶状体二期植入

目的探讨人工晶状体二期睫状沟植入在眼球穿孔伤所致后囊破裂型外伤性白内障手术中的应用。方法我院2011年1月至2013年1月收治眼球穿孔伤所致后囊破裂型外伤性白内障82例（82眼）,在一期眼球清创缝合白内障摘出联合前段玻璃体切除手术时尽量保留残余囊袋。3～6个月后行二期人工晶状体植入术。根据囊袋残留情况分为两组：A组：残留囊袋足够支撑后房型人工晶状体者（48例）,进行后房型人工晶状体睫状沟植入。B组：囊袋无残留或残留囊袋无法支撑后房型人工晶状体者（34例）,进行缝线固定晶状体襻于巩膜壁的后房型人工晶状体睫状沟植入。结果两组患者术后视力均有提高。B组BCVA明显低于A组。A组2例（4．17％）人工晶状体光学中心轻度偏移,4例（8．33％）体部轻度倾斜;B组6例（17．65％）人工晶状体光学中心轻度偏移,6例（17．65％）体部倾斜,其中3例（8．82％）眼球转动时有不适感。结论对于眼球穿孔伤所致后囊破裂型外伤性白内障,于一期行眼球清创缝合、白内障摘出联合前段玻璃体切除手术时尽量保留残余囊袋组织,可为二期植入人工晶状体创造良好条件。二期手术时选择后房型人工晶状体睫状沟植入术,符合人体解剖结构,稳定性好。     

高度近视眼白内障术后并发视网膜脱离的临床分析

目的：分析高度近视眼行白内障摘除及后房型人工晶状体植入术后并发裂孔源性视网膜脱离的发生率、相关危险因素及临床特点。方法：回顾性分析高度近视眼行白内障摘除及后房型人工晶状体植入术患者146例（232只眼）。裂孔源性视网膜脱离在术后随访的3年时间发生。所有眼均进行了详细的眼科检查，包括：最佳矫正视力、眼底检查、A超眼轴长度测量。结果：15只眼发生裂孔源性视网膜脱离（6．4％），均需行玻璃体视网膜手术进行视网膜复位。从白内障手术到发生视网膜脱离的平均时间为10±9个月（0．5～32个月）。视网膜脱离经手术治疗后视力为手动／10cm～0．06，12只眼（80％）最终视力低于白内障术前。术中后囊膜破裂与术后视网膜脱离的发生显著相关（P〈0．01），60％（9／15）的视网膜脱离患者术中发生了后囊膜破裂。结论：高度近视眼白内障术后并发裂孔源性视网膜脱离的发生率为6．4％，其预后差。术中发生后囊膜破裂患者术后发生视网膜脱离的危险性更高，对术中后囊膜破裂患者需密切随访。     

Role of Scheimpflug imaging for assessment of posterior lens capsule in pediatric traumatic cataract

Purpose:To find the accuracy of Scheimpflug imaging for the evaluation of posterior lens capsule and to assess the incidence of pre-existing posterior capsular tear (PCT) in pediatric traumatic cataracts.Methods:It was a prospective, non-randomized, and interventional study. Scheimpflug imaging was done preoperatively to detect pre-existing PCT in pediatric traumatic cataracts after blunt trauma. All patients underwent cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. Intraoperatively, the posterior capsule status was noted and compared with the preoperative Scheimpflug images.Results:Forty-seven eyes of 47 children having traumatic cataracts following closed-globe injury were included. There were 32 males and 15 females with a mean age of 10.91 ± 2.75 years. The mean duration of performing the Scheimpflug imaging from injury was 41.7 ± 7.78 days. Preoperative Scheimpflug imaging showed intact posterior lens capsule in 36 eyes and PCT in 11 eyes. Intraoperative, 37 eyes had an intact posterior lens capsule and 10 eyes had PCT. The Scheimpflug imaging did not detect the PCT in three eyes (false-negative), and in four eyes, PCT was detected falsely on Scheimpflug imaging (false-positive). The sensitivity and specificity of the Scheimpflug imaging were 70 and 89.18%, respectively. The accuracy of the technique was 85.11%.Conclusion:Scheimpflug imaging is a useful modality for the detection of PCT preoperatively in cases with doubtful posterior lens capsule integrity.     

成人后极性白内障的临床特点和手术技巧

目的评价成人后极性白内障的临床特点、手术技巧和疗效。方法回顾性分析连续病例20例30眼,总结术前术中后囊情况、手术技巧、术中并发症以及术后视力恢复情况。结果术中后囊完整透明14眼(占46.7%),病理性后囊16眼(占53.3%),其中术前后囊破裂2眼(占6.7%),中央后囊缺损1眼(占3.3%),点状混浊但保持完整8眼(占全部病例的26.7%),后极偏鼻下混浊伴原始玻璃体动脉残留但保持后囊完整1眼(占3.3%),术中后囊破裂4眼(占13.3%)。2眼在轻柔水分层时出现破裂,2眼在试图清除后囊点状混浊时破裂。26眼囊袋内植入人工晶状体,4眼睫状沟植入。术后矫正视力:0.1~0.3者7例7眼(占23.3%),0.4~0.8者2例3眼(占10%),1.0~1.2者11例20眼(占66.7%)。结论后极性白内障很可能具有后囊先天异常、后囊破裂或缺损,可能术前已经存在或术中发生,充分的术前散瞳检查、轻柔的水分层、不作后囊抛光是避免术中并发症和提高手术预后的关键。大部分患者视力均明显提高,单眼患者视力恢复较差。     

Cataract in persons over 90 years old

PURPOSE: To evaluate effect of age over 90-ty on cataract surgery course, perioperative period and final corrected visual acuity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case series of 34 patients aged over 90 years (39 eyes) undergoing cataract extraction between 1993 - 2000 was studied. Detailed ophthalmological examination (best corrected visual acuity, tonometry, retinometry, anterior and posterior segment exmination, ultrasonography scan A and B), before and after operations was performed. Analyzed data was widen by internal physical examination. RESULTS: ECCE with posterior intraocular lens (IOL) in 38 eyes, and anterior IOL in 1 case (intraopertive posterior lens capsule rupture) implantation was performed. Postoperative course without complications in 35 eyes (89,7%), complications in 4 eyes (10,3%): keratopathy (2), exudative membrane (2). Improvement in visual acuity (defined as at least 2 lines in Snellen tables) was noted in 35 eyes (89,7%). Visual acuity over 0,3 was achieved in 23 eyes (58,9%), over 0,5 in 20 eyes (51,3%). Ocular comorbids: age related macular degeneration 7 eyes (17,9%), glaucomatous atrophy of optic nerve 5 eyes (12,8%), no diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Advance in years is not a contradiction for cataract extraction. 2. Cataract surgery improved visual acuity: to far in 89,7%, to near in 71,8% - comparing with preopertive status. 3. Restoration of visual function, especially in persons with severe visual acuity reduction, has good impact on psychological status of patients. 4. Accurate perioperative care protects patients from serious systemic complications.     

外伤性白内障手术的疗效分析

目的：评价外伤性白内障的手术效果。方法：对56例（58眼）各种原因所致的外伤性白内障施行手术治疗,其中44眼行现代白内障囊外摘出或超声乳化术,同时一期后房人工晶状体植入;5眼二期后房人工晶状体植入;6眼前房人工晶状体植入;3眼人工晶状体缝线固定术。结果：术后视力0.4－1.0者39眼占67.2％,并发症主要为后囊破裂玻璃体脱出、角膜水肿、人工晶状体前膜及后发障。结论：外伤性白内障虽病情复杂,并发症较多,但通过精细手术和术前术后的合理治疗仍可获得满意疗效。     

Stereopsis after primary in-the-bag posterior chamber implantation in children.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate visual acuity and binocular function after primary posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 39 eyes of 31 children was performed. Fifteen eyes with traumatic, 17 with developmental, and 7 with congenital cataracts without any other ophthalmologic problems were examined before and after cataract surgery (irrigation/aspiration procedure with implantation of a posterior chamber IOL). Twelve eyes also received a posterior capsulorrhexis and anterior vitrectomy. The mean age at surgery was 6.9 +/- 3 years (range, 3-12 years). RESULTS: Twenty (51%) of 39 eyes achieved a best-corrected postoperative visual acuity of 20/40 or better (range, 20/200-20/20). The mean postoperative visual acuity was 20/40 in the traumatic and developmental cataract groups and 20/100 in the congenital cataract group. There was a positive correlation between cataract morphology and visual acuity (P<.05). Bilateral cataracts had a better postoperative visual acuity than unilateral cataracts (P <.005). Nineteen (70%) of 27 eyes in which no primary posterior capsulorrhexis had been performed had posterior capsule opacification. Stereopsis was found in 10 of the 31 patients: 43% of the traumatic cataract group, 30% of the developmental cataract group, and 14% of the congenital cataract group. CONCLUSIONS: After capsular bag-fixated IOL, visual acuity and binocular function in children older than 3 years were favorable and the complication rate, excluding posterior capsule opacification, was low.     

曲安奈德前房内注射在外伤性白内障术中的应用

目的:探讨前房内注射曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)在外伤性白内障术中的安全性和有效性.方法:收集2013-01/2016-05的31例31眼外伤性白内障患者,行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除手术,术中联合前房内注入TA,以帮助辨识是否有玻璃体脱出以及玻璃体所在位置.13例13眼被证实后囊膜完整,无玻璃体脱入前房患者,行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除手术.18例18眼被证实伴有后囊膜破裂,玻璃体脱出患者行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合前部玻璃体切除手术.术后随访6~12 mo.结果:所有病例均顺利完成手术.Ⅱ期角膜穿通伤患者均顺利植入人工晶状体.18例前房内注入TA证实伴有后囊膜破裂、玻璃体脱出者,在TA辅助下,明显改善了术中玻璃体皮质的辨识度,均彻底切除了前房的玻璃体.术后随访28例患者术后最佳矫正视力大于4.5.所有患者术后眼内炎症反应轻微,均未出现持续1 wk以上的高眼压及角膜水肿,人工晶状体位置居中,瞳孔位置居中.结论:曲安奈德前房内注射使得外伤性白内障手术更安全,术中后囊破裂及玻璃体脱出的处理更容易,同时可以抑制术后炎症反应.