长形肉豆蔻及单体成分的抗氧化活性研究

长形肉豆蔻(Myristica argentea Wrb.)为肉豆蔻属植物长形肉豆蔻的成熟种仁,其基源是中药肉豆蔻(Myristica fragrans Houtt.)的同科属植物.长形肉豆蔻主要分布在印度尼西亚等亚热带地区,我国使用的长形肉豆蔻主要依靠进口.在印度尼西亚,长形肉豆蔻作为民间药物,用于治疗胃痛、泄泻、痔疮等消化道疾病,而在我国则主要用做食用调味料.     

草胡椒属植物中木脂素类化合物及其生物活性研究进展

草胡椒属植物中木脂素类化合物主要包括断联木脂素、四氢呋喃型木脂素、二苄基丁内酯型木脂素、二苄基丁二醇型木脂素、双四氢呋喃型木脂素和环丁烷型木脂素,其生物活性包括抗肿瘤和细胞毒活性、雌激素样作用、抗炎作用、对植物源昆虫拒食活性的影响、抑制血管生成活性、抗艾滋病毒活性以及毒杀锥虫的活性等。综述了从草胡椒属植物中分离得到的木脂素类化合物及其生物活性,为该属植物的进一步开发提供参考。     

肉豆蔻化学成分和药理作用研究进展及其质量标志物（Q-Marker）预测分析

肉豆蔻Myristicae Semen是常用药食同源中药,具有温中行气、涩肠止泻的功效,主要包括木脂素类、挥发油类和多酚类等化学成分,具有调节消化系统、抗癌、抗炎镇痛、抗菌、抗氧化等药理作用。通过对肉豆蔻化学成分、药理作用、毒性和临床应用进行综述,根据中药质量标志物（quality marker,Q-Marker）理念,从植物亲缘、采收时期和炮制方法、药效、药性、配伍、化学成分可测性等方面对肉豆蔻的Q-Marker进行预测分析,初步预测去氢二异丁香酚、肉豆蔻醚、安五脂素、甲氧基丁香酚、榄香素、丁香酚和α-蒎烯等为其可能的Q-Marker,为肉豆蔻质量评价和药品研发提供参考。     

紫苏属植物的化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

紫苏属植物在我国分布广泛,资源丰富,且大多数均为药食同源植物。近年来,国内外学者们从该属植物中发现得到了多种化学成分,包括萜类、黄酮类、苯丙素类、甾体等,具有抗过敏、抗炎、抑菌等多种生物活性。基于紫苏属植物的广泛应用,从化学成分和生物活性作用方面对紫苏属植物的研究进行概述,以期为紫苏属植物开发和利用提供一定的参考。     

玄参属植物化学成分与药理活性研究进展

对玄参属植物的化学成分进行整理,发现其主要为环烯醚萜,苯丙素苷,三萜皂苷和有机芳酸４种类型,对该属植物及所含成分的药理活性从抗菌,抗炎,保肝,抗血小板聚集和抗肿瘤作用方面进行归纳。认为环烯醚萜,苯丙素苷等成分可以说明该属植物的部分药理活性。     

栀子属植物化学成分的研究进展

栀子属植物广泛分布于东半球的热带和亚热带地区,已被研究报道的该属植物有20余种。该属植物化学成分多样,包括单萜、三萜、黄酮、藏红花素、有机酸及挥发油等成分。系统的总结了栀子属植物的化学成分研究进展,为该属植物的进一步研究开发提供参考。     

石仙桃属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

目的了解石仙桃属植物化学成分和药理作用的国内外研究状况。方法查阅国内外有关石仙桃属植物研究的文献,了解上述两方面的基本情况。结果目前石仙桃属植物研究所涉及的种类仅5种,从该属植物中分离出化学成分41种,包括9,10-二氢菲、菲醌、联苄、二苯乙烯、三萜、苯丙素、木脂素、甾体和脂肪族等结构类型。一些种类所含成分在镇痛、抗氧化、抗癌、抑制NO生成等方面显示了较好的活性。结论开展石仙桃属植物的研究对发现新的药用活性成分及资源保护有重要意义。     

地黄连属植物的化学成分及生物活性研究进展

地黄连属植物在我国民间用药较多,因富含柠檬苦素类成分而受到广泛关注。柠檬苦素类衍生物具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗菌、抗烟草花叶病毒、昆虫拒食等药理活性。对地黄连属植物化学成分和生物活性的研究进展进行综述,以期为该属植物的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考。     

龙葵化学成分研究

目的:研究茄属植物龙葵全草的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20及反相HPLC等色谱技术分离化学成分,通过理化性质和波谱数据分析鉴定化合物结构。结果:从龙葵氯仿部位得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为:(+)-松脂素(Ⅰ)、(+)-丁香脂素(Ⅱ)、(+)-麦迪奥脂素(Ⅲ)、东莨菪内酯(Ⅳ)、二十四烷酸(Ⅴ)和β-谷甾醇(Ⅵ)。结论:化合物Ⅰ~Ⅲ为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅳ和Ⅴ为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

长形肉豆蔻中的木脂素具抗增殖、抗芳香酶、抗17β－羟基类固醇脱氢酶和抗氧化活性

长形肉豆蔻 Myristica argentea Warb.含有多种木脂素。作者从该植物汽油提取物中分离鉴定了4种木脂素,分别为 threo-aus-trobailignan-5(1,C_(20)H_(22)O_4)、erythro-aus-trobailignan-6(2,C_(20)H_(24)O_4),内消旋二氢愈创木酸(3,C_(20)H_(26)O_4)和樟皮碱B(4,C_(20)H_(24)O_5)。化合物1～3属于二苄基丁烷类木脂素,化合物4为二芳基四氢呋喃类化合物。化合物1和4系首次从该植物中分得。还分得去甲二氢愈创木酸(NDGA,5)。     

红厚壳属植物中色满酮衍生物的研究进展

红厚壳属植物具有很高的药用价值,常作为民间药物用于治疗疾病,如牙痛、风湿、腹泻、慢性胃溃疡、皮肤感染以及创伤.该属植物富含色满酮衍生物,且此类次生代谢产物具有抗病毒、抗真菌、抗细菌以及细胞毒等药理活性.为了对红厚壳属植物中的色满酮衍生物有更完整的了解,以便从我国红厚壳属植物中寻找新的活性成分,故对该属植物中色满酮衍生物的化学结构和药理活性进行了概述,并探讨了此类成分可能的生源途径.     

鹅掌柴属化学成分与药理活性研究进展

鹅掌柴属Schefflera植物是五加科Araliaceae无刺乔木或灌木,广泛分布于两半球的热带与亚热带区域,在中国主要分布于西南与东南地区。该属中多种植物可以药用,常被用于治疗风湿痹痛、跌打肿痛、骨折、头痛、牙痛、腰痛、脘腹疼痛等多种疼痛。该属植物的化学成分主要是三萜及其皂苷类,除此还有长链化合物、甾体及其苷类、倍半萜、有机酸、苄苷类、单糖及寡糖、木脂素、醌类、二萜等。药理活性主要表现在镇痛抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗菌抗病毒、受体结合活性、抗过敏、抗疟疾等方面。为了更好的开发利用本属药用植物,该文综述了该属植物的化学成分与药理活性的研究进展。     

A review of the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Sapium

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Several species from the genus Sapium possess a broad range of medicinal properties and they have been used as traditional medicines by indigenous groups in several regions such as Malaysia, Africa, Southern China and Bolivia. Most of the species reported to possess therapeutic effects which are used for the treatment of skin-related diseases such as eczema and dermatitis, but they may also be used for overstrain, lumbago, constipation and hernia. Species of this genus are also used to treat wounds and snake bites. In addition, the saps/latex of Sapium glandulosum, Sapium indicum and Sapium sebiferum have/has toxic effects and are used as bird and fish poisons. This review discusses the current knowledge of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, biological activities and toxicities of species from the genus Sapium to reveal their therapeutic potentials and gaps offering opportunities for future research.

Materials and methods

This review is based on a literature study of scientific journals and books from libraries and electronic sources, such as ScienceDirect, PubMed and ACS.

Results

As many as 65 compounds are included in this review. They belong to different classes of compounds including flavonoids, terpenoids and several other types of compounds, such as alkaloids, phenolic acids and amides. The pharmacological studies revealed that various types of preparations, extracts and single compounds of species from this genus exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. However, Sapium glandulosum, Sapium indicum and Sapium sebiferum were reported to possess toxic effects and Sapium sebiferum was found to contain phorbol esters acting as a tumor-promoting agent.

Conclusion

The genus Sapium consists of 23 accepted (high confidence) species. However, only very few of species have been phytochemically and pharmacologically studied. There is great potential to discover new chemical constituents from this genus because only a few species have been phytochemically investigated thus far. Only 27 compounds of 65 identified compounds have been studied for their biological activities. Several extracts and single compounds from this genus were reported to exhibit interesting biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, the toxicity studies of some phorbol esters suggested that the compounds acted as potential tumor-promoting agents by stimulating protein kinase C. This is an interesting fact in which a plant with medicinal properties also possesses toxic effects as well. Therefore, more clinical studies on the toxicity of the extracts of the plants and the compounds isolated from this genus are also crucial to ensure their safety and to assess their eligibility for use as sources for modern medicines.     

松萝属地衣类化学成分及药理活性研究进展

目的:总结松萝属地农的化学成分及药理活性研究进展.方法:通过系统地文献调研,对松萝属地衣化学成分进行分类归纳,并对该属地衣的主要药理活性研究现状进行综述.结果:松萝属地农含有多种化学成分,主要有单取代苯环类、缩酚类、蒽醌类、二苯并呋喃类、甾体类、萜类、脂肪酸类等成分以及多糖,具有抗肿瘤,抗菌,抗炎、抗氧化、抗血栓等生物活性.结论:为松萝属地衣的进一步研究、开发提供了有益的参考.     

Ethnobotany,phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Caragana used in traditional Chinese medicine

The genus Caragana is a member of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae and is native to arid and semi-arid areas of the temperate zones of Asia and Eastern Europe. Many species are cultured for dune-fixation, livestock forage and biological resources for fuel energy and fiber production. More than 10 species in this genus have a long history of use in traditional Chinese, Mongolian and Tibetan medicines and are believed to “nourish yin, invigorate the spleen, temper the blood and promote blood flow”. They have been used for the treatment of a wide range of ailments including fevers, inflammation, wounds and infections, dizziness, headache, hypertension, female disorders, arthritis and cancer. Over 100 phytochemicals have been identified with flavonoids and stilbenoids being the major constituents of this genus. Clinical studies have demonstrated the pharmacological activities of different Caraganum species, e.g. Caragana sinica for the treatment of hypertension, and in vivo and/or in vitro studies have provided some support for other traditional uses, e.g. anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, phytoestrogenic, immunostimulant and immunosuppressant activities. However, further studies to identify the active components and further verify the pharmacological activities are warranted. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Caragana.     

绵枣儿属药用植物化学成分和药理活性研究进展

绵枣儿属Scilla植物是百合科多年生草本,约90种,广布于欧洲、亚洲和非洲的温带地区,少数也见于热带山地。我国产1种和1变种,即绵枣儿和白绿绵枣儿。该属中多种植物可以药用,常被用于治疗跌打损伤,腰腿疼痛、筋骨痛等。该属植物的化学成分主要是尤可甾醇衍生的三萜及其糖苷、蟾蜍甾、高异黄酮、生物碱、二苯乙烯及少量的木脂素等。药理活性主要表现在抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤和糖苷酶抑制等方面。为了更好地开发利用本属药用植物,该文综述了其化学成分与药理活性的研究进展。     

苦苣菜属植物化学成分与药理作用研究进展

通过中国科学院上海药物研究所图书数据库平台查阅国内外有关苦苣菜属植物的化学成分与药理作用的报道.对菊科苦苣菜属植物的化学成分及其药理作用研究的内容进行文献整理和分析.苦苣菜属的化学成分较为复杂,研究主要集中在倍半萜内酯及其苷类成分,药理活性的研究主要集中在抗肿瘤和抗氧化的作用上,该属一些植物已作为保健食品.作者对近20年国内外报道该属成分的化学结构、主要生物活性及其在植物中的分布进行了归纳,以期为该属植物的深入研究和开发提供一定参考依据.     

Sideritis spp.: uses, chemical composition and pharmacological activities--a review

The genus Sideritis (Lamiaceae) comprises more than 150 perennial and annual vegetal species widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, together with Canary and Madeira islands. It is a controversial botanic genus, with a complex taxonomical classification due to the high number of hybridizations that occur between species; their study requires a deep research experience. Sideritis species have been traditionally used as teas for feeding, flavoring agents and in folk medicine as antiinflammatory, antiulcerative, antimicrobial, vulnerary, antioxidant, antispasmodic, anticonvulsant, analgesic and carminative agents.The chemical components found in Sideritis genus include terpenes, flavonoids, essential oil, iridoids, coumarins, lignanes and sterols, among others. Diterpenes, flavonoids and essential oil occur in almost every species and are the main compounds responsible for the observed in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activities.The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview on the botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects from the genus Sideritis, with the objective of establishing scientific basis that explains its ethnopharmacological use.     

Hydnocarpus: An ethnopharmacological,phytochemical and pharmacological review

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The genus Hydnocarpus (Flacourtiaceae) includes forty species that are spread across the globe. In the Indian System of Medicine, Hydnocarpus pentandrus (Buch.-Ham.) Oken. is primarily used for treating leprosy and other skin disorders. It is known as “Chaulmoogra” and is also used to treat other indications including constipation, inflammation, blood disorders, and worm infestations. Various species of Hydnocarpus are also used in traditional medicine in China, Thailand, Malaysia, and Myanmar for several skin disorders. To assess the therapeutic potential of species from the Hydnocarpus genus and to determine future avenues for research.

Methods

All relevant scientific literature published up to the end of December 2013 was retrieved via a library and electronic search (SciFinder, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar). Manual searches of traditional books like to ancient classics, including Vaidya Yoga Ratnavali, Siddha Materia Medica, and contemporary references including The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and The Ayurveda Formulary, were also performed.

Results

Seed oil from species of the Hydnocarpus genus is used for medicinal purposes, predominantly for various skin disorders. This oil is reported to contain a characteristic class of compounds known as cyclopentenyl fatty acids. Furthermore, seeds of this genus are reported to contain triglycerides of fatty acids, sterols, flavonoids, and flavonolignans. Hydnocarpin, a flavonolignan, is reported to potentiate antimicrobial and anticancer activity. The extracts and compounds isolated from this plant show a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, antileprotic, antitubercular, antipsoriatic, antirheumatic, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The antileprotic activity is postulated to be due to the cyclopentenyl fatty acids present in the seed oil.

Conclusion

Flavonolignans have an interesting chemical motif, and hydnocarpin and its congeners should be investigated for their activities and the mechanism underlying these activities. Multi-drug-resistant microbes are on the increase, and the possible inhibitory effect of these compounds when used with current antimicrobials should also be evaluated. Furthermore, unique cyclopentenyl fatty acids should also be investigated to understand the exact mechanism of action underlying antileprotic activity. Additional in depth phytochemical investigations of seed oil and extracts are required to tap the true potential of species from the Hydnocarpus genus.     

Comparative study on hemostatic, cytotoxic and hemolytic activities of different species of Paris L

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The rhizoma of Paris polyphylla var. yannanensis or P. polyphylla var. chinensis called Rhizoma Paridis as a traditional Chinese medicine has an effect of heat-clearing and detoxicating, detumescence and acesodyne in folk for a long time. The increasing application of Rhizoma Paridis resulted in the shortage of wildlife resources. Here, we compared the major activities of other species of genus Paris to find the replacement plants.

Materials and methods

Six species (P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, P. delavayi var. delavayi, P. fargesii var. Fargesii, P. bashanensis Wang et Tang, P. polyphyllar var. minora, and P. polyphylla var. pseudothibetical) were collected from three Provinces in China, and compared the hemostatic, cytotoxic and hemolytic activities by different assays.

Results

For the hemostatic activity, all the plants except Paris fargesii var. Fargesii could significantly shorten the tail bleeding time and blood clotting time (P<0.05). For further mechanism study, they reduced the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), but they had no significant effect on thrombin time (TT). P. fargesii var. Fargesii showed the similar cytotoxicity to P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis (IC₅₀: 18.21 and 15.73 μg/mL, respectively). HD₅₀ was used as the index of hemolytic activity. P. delavayi var. delavayi and P. bashanensis Wang et Tang were the last to have this activity as the values were 3.027 and 1.222 mg/mL.

Conclusions

The different species of genus Paris have different activities. Paris delavayi var. delavayi and Paris bashanensis Wang et Tang could be used as the resources of hemostatic drugs and P. fargesii var. Fargesii as the antitumor medicine.