急性巨核细胞白血病:原始巨核细胞的特征及鉴定

本文介绍3例急性巨核细胞白血病的原始巨核细胞在光镜细胞化学、超微结构、超微结构细胞化学及膜表面标记等方面的特点。 3例患者,分别为55岁女性、79岁男性和14岁男性。血红蛋白7.9—10.1g/dl,白细胞1,600—6,300/mm~3,原始细胞11—75％,两例有少数幼稚粒细胞。血片中有泪滴状红细胞两例。两例脾大。光学显微镜下,原始细胞核为圆或卵圆形,核浆比大,染色质纤细,有一个显著的核仁,胞浆少,多无颗粒,可有泡状突起。骨髓穿刺均为干抽。骨髓活检示大量纤维母细胞浸润,和少量未分化的单个核细胞。     

病态巨核细胞的形态学探讨及其临床意义

本文观察了几种血液病骨骨髓片病态巨核细胞的出现,并按其形态特点分成四类。病态巨核细胞在良恶性血液病中均可出现,但在程度上有差异。阳性率高出现数量多可见于慢性粒细胞白血病、急性非淋白血病和骨髓增生异常综合征,阳性率高但出现量少的疾病有骨髓增殖性疾病、巨幼细胞性贫血、缺铁性贫血、原发性血小板减少性紫癜和粒细胞缺乏症等。病态巨核细胞的形态是以胞核的异常改变为基木特征,胞体大小则是次要的。     

缺铁性贫血骨髓巨核细胞的变化

目的观察缺铁性贫血时骨髓巨核细胞数和类型的变化。方法收集整理玉溪市人民医院自2007年11月至2011年4月收治的缺铁性贫血骨髓巨核细胞检查结果,并对其进行分析。结果 352例缺铁性贫血患者,男100例,女252例。巨核细胞数7～843个,平均176.21个。其类型：幼稚巨核细胞1～37个者207例,平均6.48个。无幼稚巨核细胞者145例（41.19%）,颗粒型4～779个,平均115.27个;产血小板型1～217个,平均52.17个;裸核1～43个,平均7.12个。有19例偶见小巨核细胞。结论缺铁性贫血对常伴有骨髓巨核细胞数增多,考虑为缺性贫血时促红细胞生成素生成增多,其对骨髓巨核细胞作用所致。     

642例白血病巨核细胞的增生与分化

64 2例白血病巨核细胞增生与分化的观察 ,表明白血病巨核细胞可以是抑制 ,增生 ,甚至明显增生。急性白血病巨核细胞以抑制为主 ,慢性粒细胞白血病以增生、明显增生为主 ,慢粒急变时则巨核细胞转为抑制。急性白血病巨核细胞以颗粒巨为主 ,产板巨少见 ,故急性白血病时血小板明显减少。白血病幼稚细胞比例越高对巨核细胞的抑制越明显     

乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结内巨核细胞的形态及意义

目的认识淋巴结内巨核细胞,并与转移癌鉴别。方法对1例乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结内出现的大细胞进行HE形态、免疫组化染色观察并复习文献。结果淋巴结的皮质区及髓质区的窦内及窦旁散在少量大细胞(平均直径50μm,最大者>100μm),这些细胞胞质宽大,嗜酸性,核染色质粗颗粒状或呈分叶状。免疫组化染色:CD61、CD31和F-Ⅷ(+),CD68和AE1/AE3(-)。结论淋巴结内出现巨核细胞非常少见,应根据形态学特点、结合免疫组化结果与转移癌相鉴别。     

T-淋巴瘤细胞的超微结构

为了研究T细胞淋巴瘤患者骨髓中恶性T细胞（malignant T cell，MTC）的超微结构，用流式细胞术分析13例T细胞淋巴瘤患者骨髓浸润MTC抗原表达，电子显微镜观察MTC的形态结构。结果发现：所有患者MTC大小不等，6／13例细胞大小轻度不均，7例显著不均，直径范围在12-28μm之间。所有患者MTC核异染色质少于正常淋巴细胞，核仁范围在2-8μm之间；10／13例细胞核不规则。8／13例MTC胞浆丰富；7／13例细胞表面有丰富的突起或伪足。5／13例Golgi体、分泌泡、致密颗粒和微丝较丰富；8／13例MTC线粒体肿胀明显。结论：骨髓MTC体积普遍不均匀增大；细胞核折叠、切迹、扭曲与核旁微丝增加相关。患者MTC表面突彤绒毛与胞浆Golgi体、分泌泡、致密颗粒及中间微丝呈明显同步发育，大部分患者MTC线粒体明显水肿。     

白血病性巨核系前体细胞的表面特征:5例巨核细胞白血病的扫描电镜研究

本文对5例巨核细胞血血病的原始巨核细胞及较成熟巨核系前体细胞作扫描电镜研究,其中4例为慢粒急性巨核细胞白血病性变,1例为急性骨髓纤维化表现为急性巨核细胞白血病。超微结构形态:白血病细胞外形不规则,有表面小泡,核浆比例高,核圆或卵圆形,核仁明显,可见游离核糖体及不同长度粗面内质网。可见小的、有时为数众多的线粒体。部分细胞已出现血小板界膜或电子密集颗粒。可见数量不一、有血小板界膜发育良好的微巨核细胞。     

外周血或骨髓肿瘤性NK细胞形态特征观察及其与反应性淋巴细胞的鉴别

目的?探讨外周血或骨髓肿瘤性NK细胞形态特征,为NK 细胞白血病／淋巴瘤的诊断提供细胞形态学的线索和证据。方法?收集4例确诊侵袭性NK细胞白血病及2例确诊结外NK／T细胞淋巴瘤患者的骨髓或外周血标本,其肿瘤性淋巴细胞均经流式细胞术（FCM）免疫表型分析和／或病理活检证实为肿瘤性NK 细胞。观察其细胞形态特点,分析肿瘤性NK 细胞的总体特征。结果?6例患者肿瘤性NK细胞形态特征相似：胞体总体偏大且形状不规则,周围可见一个或多个伪足样突起;胞核形态多样,染色质聚集,核仁不见或模糊不清;胞浆量较丰富,呈嗜碱性,有厚实感,浆内可见多少不等的粗大或细小紫红色颗粒。结论?肿瘤性NK细胞有特殊的形态学特征,与3种反应性淋巴细胞明显不同。     

急性巨核细胞白血病一例诊断分析

巨核细胞白血病(AMKL)是急性白血病中一种少见的类型。发病多为幼儿及青壮年,此病病情凶险,疗效不佳。近年来随着对巨核超微细胞化学及免疫细胞化学的深入研究,诊断技术不断改进与提高,对AMKL的认识逐渐加深,本病诊断率在提高。但是以往文献报道的AMKL大多数只是进行文字描述,或强调原幼巨核细胞缺乏特异的形态特征,与急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性粒细胞白血病、急性单核细胞白血病的原始细胞难以区别,只能利用电镜观察血小板过氧化物酶反应(PPO)和血小板特异的单克隆或多克隆抗体标记才能识别巨核细胞。本病例巨核细胞形态典型,我们将其…     

巨核细胞逸核和胞核胞质连体分离的形态学研究

为了观察巨核细胞逸核和胞核胞质连体分离的形态学变化,用光镜观察4例初诊血液病患者的血片、骨髓涂片和骨髓切片中巨核细胞形态特征.4例初诊血液病患者为1例原发性骨髓纤维化（PMF）,1例骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）,1例急性粒细胞白血病部分成熟型（M2）和1例红白血病（M6）.结果显示：在4例患者骨髓象中均观察到多种病态巨核细胞,其中例A（PMF）和例D（M6）多为撕拉分离状的病态巨核细胞;例B（MDS）和例C（M2）多为脱核的或胞核胞质分离状的病态巨核细胞,胞体大或巨大,部分胞核远离母体,有的残留少量胞质成为小（或）淋巴样巨核细胞,细胞免疫化学染色可显示分离的胞核胞质.结论：巨核细胞存在逸核和（或）胞核胞质分离现象,提示巨核细胞在成熟中存在多核胞核分散向周边逸去的过程,甚至完全脱离母体;微小巨核细胞可能是由多小核巨核细胞的胞核连胞质分离或分割而成的部分.     

Electron microscopy of HeLa cells infected with adenoviruses

HeLa cells were infected with adenoviruses (types 1–4) and sectioned for electron microscopy after intervals of 20 to 48 hours. Clusters of virus-like particles were found within the nuclei of infected cultures but not in those of uninfected controls. The particles were often arranged in rows as if in crystalline formation. Maximal diameter of particles was approximately 65 mµ, and internal bodies were demonstrated. Lesions of infected cells included target-like structures of the nuclear membrane, large nuclear vacuoles (type 2), and increased numbers of large irregular electron-dense granules in the cytoplasm 48 hours after infection. Examination of infected cultures by light microscopy, using the Feulgen reaction, showed intranuclear inclusion bodies and a cytopathogenic effect consisting of clumping of cells without pyknosis of nuclei. A lipide stain showed numerous cytoplasmic granules that were not identical with the large, irregular, electron-dense granules of the cytoplasm. Practically all the cells showed the viral cytopathogenic effect, but only a minority of cells were found to contain virus-like particles or intranuclear inclusion bodies.     

Angiotensin II directly stimulates sodium transport in rabbit proximal convoluted tubules

Numerous previous studies have proposed a role for angiotensin II (AII) in the renal regulation of salt balance. At least one nephron site, the proximal convoluted segment, has been implicated in this role. We used in vitro microperfusion of rabbit proximal convoluted tubules to further examine this question. To insure use of appropriate in vivo concentrations as well as potency of the hormone in vitro, we measured plasma AII levels by radioimmunoassay in normal, sodium-depleted, and adrenalectomized rabbits, and measured AII activity by bioassay after incubation in various microperfusion baths. Plasma levels ranged from approximately 2 X 10(-11) to 5 X 10(-11) M. AII activity was stable in Ringer's solution plus albumin, but not in rabbit serum or Ringer's solution plus fetal calf serum. In Ringer's solution plus albumin, physiologic concentrations of AII stimulated volume reabsorption (Jv). 10(-11) M AII increased Jv by 16% (P less than 0.01). 10(-10) M AII produced a lesser increase, 7.5% (P less than 0.05). At a frequently studied, but probably pharmacologic dose, 10(-7) M AII inhibited Jv by 24% (P less than 0.001). AII at 10(-11) M did not stimulate Jv in the presence of 10(-7) M saralasin. Though previous studies have suggested agonistic effects of saralasin alone in epithelia, we found no significant effect of 10(-7) M saralasin on Jv. None of the AII doses measurably changed transepithelial voltage. We conclude that AII in physiologic doses directly stimulates Jv in proximal convoluted tubules and this effect is probably receptor mediated and, within the limits of detection, electroneutral.     

尿视黄醇结合蛋白的检测及临床应用

对１０５例病人进行酶免法测定尿视黄醇结合蛋白（ＲＢＰ），糖尿病组２５例ＲＢＰ排泄增高，阳性率为４３％，其中１１例伴尿Ａｌｂ同时增高占１９％，另１４例尿Ａｌｂ正常，ＲＢＰ排泄阳性率为２９％；高血压病组７例，ＲＢＰ与Ａｌｂ同时增高，阳性率２１％；肾小球肾炎组３例ＲＢＰ与Ａｌｂ同时增高，阳性率２１％；糖尿病与高血压及肾小球肾炎对比有显著差别（Ｐ〈０．０５），表明尿ＲＢＰ测定是肾小球损害的一项敏感指标。     

直径小于3cm的孤立性局灶性机化性肺炎CT征象分析

目的分析直径小于3cm的孤立性局灶性机化性肺炎(FOP)的CT表现,以期提高与周围型小肺癌(SPLC)的鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析26例手术病理证实的直径小于3cm的孤立性FOP的CT征象。结果24例紧贴或邻近胸膜,其中17例位于各胸膜交界区。病灶呈类圆形12例,不规则形9例,三角和多角形5例。病灶边缘呈向心性弓形凹陷12例,其形态均为不规则形和三角、多角形;粗长毛刺征9例,其中7例病灶形态呈不规则形和三角、多角形;细短毛刺征5例,病灶形态均呈类圆形;分叶征4例,3例病灶为类圆形;另外出现血管纠集征9例,棘状突起征4例,支气管空气征6例,空洞征2例,空泡征3例,病灶内液化5例;病灶明显强化率为60%。病灶在不同层面的表现显著不同14例,其形态均呈不规则形和三角、多角形。结论直径小于3cm的孤立性FOP与胸膜关系密切,形态呈不规则形和三角、多角形的常与SPLC鉴别不难,而呈类圆形的常与SPLC鉴别困难。     

163103例住院患者Rh抗原分布与不规则抗体调查结果分析

目的 了解我院住院患者中RhD阴性血型抗原分布及不规则抗体阳性率.方法 选取我院2016年1月至2019年12月163103例住院患者,用血清学方法确认RhD阴性及其表型并检测不规则抗体阳性率.结果 163103例住院患者血型中检出D变异型者28例,占比0.02％;确诊RhD血型阴性732例,占比0.45％,检出表型共...     

海南地中海贫血输血患儿不规则抗体检测

目的:了解海南地区长期输血的地中海贫血患儿不规则抗体阳性率及抗体特异性并分析其产生原因.方法:采用微柱凝胶法对在本院接受输血治疗的49例地中海贫血患儿进行不规则抗体筛查,对抗体筛查阳性标本进行抗体特异性鉴定.结果:14例患儿出现抗体筛查阳性,抗体特异性鉴定检出Rh血型抗体11例,不规则抗体和自身抗体同时存在1例,抗-J...     

Isolation and characterization of human tonsil dendritic cells

Human dendritic cells were isolated from tonsils by density gradient separation followed by FACS IV sorting with mAbs to remove contaminating cell populations. The resulting dendritic cell population consisted of large cells with plentiful basophilic cytoplasm, lacking in granules but containing a prominent Golgi apparatus and numerous mitochondria. The cell membrane was irregular, and marked cell protrusions were obvious when stained with anti-HLA class II reagents. Their nuclei were irregular and often indented with a visible nucleolus. These cells were not phagocytic and stimulated autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes more effectively than other tonsil cell types in MLR. Phenotypic analysis of these cells confirmed that they expressed the leucocyte common antigen and stained strongly for HLA-class II antigens. Tonsil dendritic cells also coexpressed the LFA-1 alpha and LFA-1 beta chains but did not stain with a wide variety of anti-monocyte or anti-macrophage antibodies. The cells also lacked Fc and complement receptors and failed to stain with CD1 antibodies. Extensive testing with mAbs revealed only a few positive reactions, and these were consistent with reports of these antibodies staining interdigitating cells in tissue sections. This established that tonsil dendritic cells belong to the unique haemopoietic cell lineage of dendritic cells. No cytoplasmic staining of IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta was demonstrated, although these lymphokines were readily detected in activated monocytes.     

糖尿病患者心内膜下心肌的超微结构改变

通过对１１例糖尿病患者心内膜下心肌活检的超微结构研究，发现部分心肌细胞肌原纤维排列紊乱，甚至局部消失；胞浆内有脂褐素、糖原颗粒沉积及脂滴浸润；线粒体增生、变性，出现巨线粒体；横小管肥大，横小管内有絮状物沉积。７例不伴有半发症的糖尿病患者中有６例可见心肌间的毛细血管基膜增厚，其中３例的心肌间质出现轻度纤维化，本研究认为糖尿病者有心肌细胞代谢紊乱基础上形成的心肌微血管病变在糖尿病心肌病变中起主要作用。     

胸腺瘤的MRI诊断与评价（附24例报告）

目的：分析胸腺瘤的MRI表现并评价其价值。方法：24例胸腺瘤患者术前均行MRI检查,病理诊断恶性11例,良性13例,分析胸腺瘤的包膜、侵袭征象,形态、大小及信号。结果：良性组：30．7％有包膜、无侵袭征象,84．6％形态规则,肿块各径线的平均值为左右径46mm,前后径29mm,上下径60mm。恶性组：均无包膜,81．8％,有侵袭征象形态不规则,肿块各径线的平均值为左右径106mm,前后径60mm,上下径92mm,经统计处理以上各项P＜0．05,有显著性差异,肿瘤的信号在良、恶性组中无明显差异。结论：MRI能够显示胸腺瘤的部位,形态、大小、包膜及侵袭征象,在鉴别良恶性、选择治疗方法及估计预后方面发挥重要作用。