山羊线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因序列分析

采用PCR直接测序法,对一个山羊群体线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因全序列进行测定。结果表明,山羊线粒体细胞色素b基因全长为1140bp,A、G、T和C碱基的平均含量分别为31.9%、13.1%、26.8%和28.2%,其中A T含量为58.7%,G C含量为41.3%,A T含量明显高于G C含量;密码子碱基的使用也存在一定差异。该研究为解决我国地方山羊品种起源系统中存在的分歧提供有益的探索。     

GJB3基因在新疆维汉两民族遗传性非综合征耳聋患者的突变分析

目的耳聋具有高度的遗传异质性,分析GJB3基因在新疆地区维汉两族中的突变,了解其分子病因学机制。方法调查对象来自新疆地区非综合征耳聋患者（耳聋组）93例,其中维吾尔族43例。对照组为听力正常者110例．其中维吾尔族56例。所有受检者均采集外周血并提取DNA,应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）产物直接测序方法对各种感音神经性耳聋患者93名、对照组110名进行GJB3基因编码区突变检测及鉴定。结果在93名患者中发现GJB3基因的3种单核苷酸改变,其中有两种碱基变化导致了氨基酸的改变,为错义突变方式。其中1个突变（256G→A）,另1个突变形式（33C→T）为本研究首次发现。110名正常对照组中未发现同样突变。结论国人非综合征型遗传性聋者GJB3基因突变筛查研究发现了一个GJB3基因新的突变形式（256G→A）,为进一步开展耳聋相关基因的筛查研究打下了基础。     

中国皮划艇、举重运动员线粒体高变区Ⅱ异质序列多态性分析

目的:通过对线粒体基因(mtDNA)高变区Ⅱ(HVR-Ⅱ)作序列多态性分析,探讨与人类运动能力相关的基因标记与分子机制。方法:受试者均为中国汉人,其中皮划艇运动员(耐力组)123人;举重运动员(力量组)70人;普通汉人(对照组)132人。通过特异性扩增mtDNA HVR-Ⅱ片段并测序,分析其序列多态性变化。结果:三组人群的mtDNA HVR-Ⅱ中共发现27个位点存在异质多态现象,其中C317A/T/G、C330A/G和C332A/T呈现多种异质形式,C348G和T321G多态位点为皮划艇运动员独有。三组人群mtDNA HVR-Ⅱ异质性碱基替换均呈现颠换为主、转换次之的特征。耐力组和对照组mtDNA HVR-Ⅱ的碱基转换以C/T频率最高。力量组异质性碱基转换G/A频率显著高于非力量组(P<0.05),提示mtDNA异质性的多态可能与力量素质相关。     

GJB2基因突变始祖效应对中国耳聋人群的影响

目的 对中国耳聋患者中缝隙连接蛋白beta2(gap junction protein beta 2,GJB2)基因突变情况进行筛查,探寻该基因各种突变的分布情况。方法 在聋病门诊收集各种感音神经性聋患者141例,其中非综合征型耳聋135例(有家族史者17例),综合征型耳聋6例。另外收集听力正常者150例作为对照。采取PCR扩增、直接测序的方法检测GJB2基因突变。结果 在耳聋患者中发现7种GJB2基因碱基改变：79G→A,A,109G→A,341A→G,235deC,455A→G,176→191del16和504insGCAA。79G→A纯合15例,杂合5例;341A→G纯合4例,杂合8例;109G→A纯合1例,杂合4例;235deC纯合5例,杂合6例;176-191del16杂合3例;504insGCAA杂合2例;455A→G杂合1例。结论 在耳聋患者中开展GJB2基因的筛查工作可以将235delC作为一个候选突变筛查位点。     

我国耐力运动员线粒体DNA高变区Ⅰ序列异质性多态特征

为了探讨人类运动能力相关的基因标记与分子遗传学机制,选取汉族耐力运动员95人,相应汉人对照92人,对其线粒体基因高变区I(mtDNA HVRⅠ)特异性片段进行扩增、测序,分析其序列多态性特征.结果显示:中国汉人及其耐力运动员mtDNA HVRⅠ总共测得140个多态位点,其中,异质性多态位点27个.中国汉族耐力运动员mtDNA HVRⅠ异质性多态位点20个,位点A16132C,A16135C, C16085G, T16144A, C16111T, C16107T,C16108T,T16189C为其独有.异质性多态类型主要表现为碱基转换和碱基颠换两种,未见碱基缺失及插入改变.运动员T-A颠换频率显著高于常人对照(P< 0.01),而A-G转换和T-G颠换频率则显著低于常人对照(P< 0.01,P < 0.05).研究结果提示,mtDNA HVRⅠ异质性多态特征明显区别于同质性多态改变,mtDNA HVRⅠ作为良好的遗传标记,对于人类运动能力的分子遗传学探讨有重要意义.     

我国耐力运动员线粒体DNA高变区I序列异质性多态特征

为了探讨人类运动能力相关的基因标记与分子遗传学机制 ,选取汉族耐力运动员 95人 ,相应汉人对照 92人 ,对其线粒体基因高变区I(mtDNAHVRⅠ )特异性片段进行扩增、测序 ,分析其序列多态性特征。结果显示 :中国汉人及其耐力运动员mtDNAHVRⅠ总共测得 14 0个多态位点 ,其中 ,异质性多态位点 2 7个。中国汉族耐力运动员mtDNAHVRⅠ异质性多态位点 2 0个 ,位点A16 132C ,A16 135C ,C16 0 85G ,T16 14 4A ,C16 111T ,C16 10 7T ,C16 10 8T ,T16 189C为其独有。异质性多态类型主要表现为碱基转换和碱基颠换两种 ,未见碱基缺失及插入改变。运动员T -A颠换频率显著高于常人对照 (P <0 .0 1) ,而A -G转换和T -G颠换频率则显著低于常人对照 (P <0 .0 1,P<0 .0 5 )。研究结果提示 ,mtDNAHVRⅠ异质性多态特征明显区别于同质性多态改变 ,mtDNAHVRⅠ作为良好的遗传标记 ,对于人类运动能力的分子遗传学探讨有重要意义     

军事噪声对参训官兵听力影响调查

目的：了解军事噪声对参训官兵听力的影响,为防治爆震性聋提供科学依据。方法：将某部官兵258例分为炮兵组（A组）,接受过炮兵训练和新兵射击训练;步枪组（B组）,仅接受过新兵射击训练;均未参加上述训练者为对照组（C组）。由耳科医师分别对3组进行听力专科检查。结果：（1）语言频率损失均值：A、B组分别与C组比较,差异显著（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;（2）耳聋发生率：A组（20．8％）,B组（19．2％）,与C组（4．39／6）比较,均差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。结论：军事噪声对参训官兵的听力可造成一定影响,应加强防护。     

汉族人群诱导性一氧化氮合酶T-786C、G894T基因多态性与脓毒症易感性的关系

目的 探索汉族人群内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)T-786C、G894T基因多态性中对脓毒症存在易感的高风险等位基因或基因型.方法 2007年4月～2009年5月,在北京9家教学医院ICU随机收集脓毒症患者117例,并招募健康志愿者100名作为对照,应用PCR-SSCP及PCR-RLFP方法检测eNOS T-786C、G894T的等位基因和基因型.结果 脓毒症患者与健康人群之间eNOS T-786C及G894T各等佗基因或基因型的发生频率无显著差异(P>0.05).但脓毒症患者中TC基因型的出现频率(30.8%)与健康人群(24.0%)相比有增加趋势(P=0.086);等位基因C携带者的比例(18.8%)高于健康人群(12.0%),但未达到统计学差异(P=0.052).117例脓毒症患者中发现4例CC纯合子基因型个体,占3.4%;健康对照组中未发现CC纯合子基因型个体.结合既往文献结果进行分析发现,eNOS T-786C和G894T各基因型的出现频率存在种族差异,与白种人比较,亚洲黄种人eNOS T-786C基因型TC、CC以及G894T基因型GT、TT的出现频率均显著降低(P=0.000).结论 eNOS T-786C等位基因C或基因型TC的携带人群对脓毒症可能存在易感趋势,而G894T基因多态性与脓毒症易感性无密切关系.     

新生儿线粒体12S rRNA基因筛查对预防药物性耳聋的价值

目的 通过对新生儿线粒体12S rRNA基因突变的检测,探讨线粒体耳聋基因筛查的必要性和可行性。方法 对2018-12至2021-10在石家庄市第四医院出生的46 376例新生儿采用荧光定量PCR检测技术进行线粒体12S rRNA检测,检测突变位点为A1555G和C1494,对结果阳性新生儿进行预防接种随访。结果 46 376例新生儿线粒体12S rRNA检测结果中共发现突变94例,突变携带率为0.20%。其中,A1555G均质突变76例,异质突变14例,其中1例异质突变为新发;C1494T均质突变3例,异质突变1例。完成随访88例,随访年龄5～32月龄,78例(88.64%)幼儿按月龄常规接种疫苗,10例接种部分疫苗,正常接种率88.64%,与未携带者对比差异存在统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 进行线粒体12S rRNA基因筛查可以在早期发现氨基糖苷类抗生素敏感个体,避免药物性聋的发生。     

一例耳聋患者及其家庭成员的基因突变分析

耳聋是人类最常见的出生缺陷之一,在新生儿中发生率约为1‰,其中50%～70%是由遗传因素引起的,可导致非综合征型耳聋(占70%,仅听力损失)与综合征型耳聋(占30%,听力损失伴其他组织器官病变)。该文通过对一例耳聋先证者及其家庭成员耳聋易感基因检测结果进行分析,研究耳聋基因的特点及遗传在该家庭耳聋致病因素中的作用。结果发现,先证者及其家庭成员为mtDNA基因位点7445A>G突变,与测序结果一致。     

氨基糖苷类抗生素致聋家系线粒体DNA 12S和16S rRNA基因突变分析

目的:研究线粒体rRNA基因突变与氨基糖苷类抗生素致聋遗传易感性的关系,为建立相应的基因诊断方法提供依据。方法:收集5个有明确氨基糖苷类抗生素应用史的耳聋家系27名成员的外周静脉血标本,从白细胞中提取DNA,PCR扩增线粒体DNA片段,Alw26I限制性内切酶分析和DNA序列分析检测A1555G点突变,并对其中一个家系进行了线粒体DNA12S和16S rRNA基因全序列分析。结果:家系A、C、D和E的21份样品均为A1555G点突变阳性,家系B的6份样品为A1555G点突变阴性。家系B线粒体DNA12S和16S rRNA基因全序列分析显示,该家系存在16S rRNA基因第2227位“AA”插入突变。结论:本研究发现了一个A1555G点突变阴性的氨基糖苷类抗生素致聋家系,说明线粒体DNA A1555G点突变不是氨基糖苷类抗生素遗传易感性惟一的分子基础,对氨基糖苷类抗生素致聋遗传易感性的预测仅检测A1555G点突变是不够的,应与mtDNA其他相关突变位点的检测结合起来。     

重性抑郁障碍患者与肿瘤坏死因子ɑ基因启动子区多态性的相关性研究

目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor,TNF－α）基因启动子区－308G／A、－857C／T位点多态性与重性抑郁障碍症发生的相关性。方法采用聚合酶链限制性片段长度多态性（ PCR－RFLP）分析方法检测393例重性抑郁障碍症患者和393名健康对照各个多态性位点的基因型,采用SPSS 13.0进行统计学分析。结果 TNF－α基因启动子－857 C／T位点的等位基因和基因型频率分布在正常对照组与重性抑郁障碍症组间存在统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。其中,男性重性抑郁障碍症组与对照组在－857 T的等位基因频率上存在显著差异（ OR＝0.31,95％CI：0.22－0.44,P＜0.01）,而女性病例组与对照组在－308 A位点的等位基因频率存在显著性差异（ OR＝0.40,95％CI：0.25－0.65,P＜0.01）。结论研究证实TNF－α基因启动子区多态性可能是中国北方汉族重性抑郁障碍患者的风险因素。 TNF－α基因启动子区多态性可能与重性抑郁障碍的发病存在关联。     

MtDNA control region sequence polymorphisms and phylogenetic analysis of Malay population living in or around Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia

Control region polymorphisms in the mitochondrial DNA of 124 unrelated individuals from the Malay population living in or around Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia were investigated and phylogenetic haplogroup lineages were determined. The intergenic COII/tRNALys 9-bp deletion, 3010 and 5178 mutations, and several coding region polymorphisms were examined to discriminate some phylogenetic haplogroups. Sequence comparison of the control regions led to the identification of 117 mitochondrial haplotypes, in which 103 types were observed in only one individual and the other nine types were shared by more than two individuals. Gene diversity was estimated to be 0.997. Phylogenetic haplogroup determination revealed that the gene pool of the modern Malay population in Malaysia consisted mainly of southeast Asian, east Asian, unidentified and unique, and aboriginal southeast-specific haplogroups. These results suggest a multi-original nature for the modern Malay population. The present database may help not only in personal identification but also in determining geographic origin in forensic casework in Malaysian, Southeast Asian and East Asian populations.     

Radical effects on mutation spectra in lambda phage.

Mutations in the lambda repressor gene cI (710 bp) were induced by 60Co-gamma radiation in dissolved lambda phage DNA. After in vitro DNA packaging to lambda phage particles (pack phage) and phenotypic expression of the mutants, DNA was sequenced directly. Two-thirds of mutations were located in the amino terminus region of the gene without any signs of hotspots. Changes consisted of (+1) insertions (25%) and base substitutions (75%). Transitions were exclusively G/C to A/T. Transversions were mostly G/C to C/G and few G/C to T/A. We did not find A/T to T/A transversions, A/T to G/C transitions, deletions and gross rearrangements. In most of the base substitutions a pre-existing base pair had been replaced by an A/T pair; this might come from 'non-instructional sites' like abasic sites. Several mechanisms for base substitutions are considered.     

军事噪声对训练官兵听力影响的调查

目的:探讨在军事训练中噪声对参训官兵听力的影响及特征。方法:将某部参训官兵258名按参训种类分成3组,分别测量各组官兵的纯音气导听阈、声反射阈及鼓室图,分析其中差异。结果:A组、B组与C组比较有较大差异,左右耳之间比较有显著差异,高频与语频相比有显著差异。结论:日常军事训练的噪声可对官兵产生一定的听力影响,听力损失多在高频,个体间存在个人差异性。     

乙型肝炎病毒前C/C区及其调控基因变异的研究

目的研究慢性乙型肝炎病人中HBVpreC/C基因及其调控序列的变异和特点。方法对42例慢性乙型肝炎病人中扩增的HBVDNA各3个克隆进行序列分析。结果42例病人,HBVC基因调控序列发生T1762A1764双突变者20例,其中HBeAg阳性者7例,HBeAg阴性者13例(P<005);22例发生T1673G1799双突变。前C变异中,18例发生A1896变异,其中HBeAg阳性者6例,HBeAg阴性者12例(P<0.05)。C区变异中,AA5、AA38、AA60、AA87、AA97、AA130、AA135都是变异的热点。前C/C区还存在有插入、缺失等不同变异。结论慢性乙型肝炎病人的HBVC基因及其调控序列变异具有多样性及复杂性,与体内的免疫清除与病毒逃避免疫攻击相关,从而容易导致疾病的慢性化。     

The Lady from Basel’s Barfüsserkirche – Molecular confirmation of the Mummy’s identity through mitochondrial DNA of living relatives spanning 22 generations

The identity of the mummified Lady from the Barfüsser Church in Basel, Switzerland has been unsolved for decades, despite the prominent location of the burial place in front of the choir screen. A recent multidisciplinary research approach came up with a possible candidate, Anna Catharina Bischoff who died in Basel in 1787 with an age of 69 years (1719–1787). To verify the identity of the mummy, genealogists of the Citizen Science Basel discovered three living individuals of the maternal lineage of two different family branches, separated from Anna Catharina Bischoff by up to 22 generations. In this study we compare the ancient mitochondrial DNA of the mummy recovered from a premolar to the mitochondrial DNA of these three candidates. Initially the mitochondrial hypervariable regions I and II of the living individuals were screened using the Sanger sequencing method. This was followed by a mitochondrial capture approach and next generation sequencing to enrich for the whole mitochondrial genome of the mummy and one living person. A full mitochondrial genome has been recovered of both individuals sharing an identical haplotype. The sequence was assigned to the mitochondrial haplogroup U5a1+!16192 including two private mutations 10006G and 16293C. Only by using an interdisciplinary approach combining ancient DNA analysis and genealogy a maternal lineage of a non-noble family spanning 22 generations could be confirmed.     

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the hypervariable region III of mitochondrial DNA in Thais

This study analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the hypervariable region III (HVRIII) of mitochondrial DNA in Thai individuals. Buccal swab samples were randomly obtained from 100 healthy, unrelated, adult (18–60 years old), volunteer donors living in Thailand. Eighteen different haplotypes were found, of which 11 haplotypes were unique. The most frequent haplotypes observed were 522D-523D. Nucleotide transition from Thymine (T) to Cytosine (C) at position 489 (43%) was the most frequent substitution. Nucleotide transversions were also observed at position 433 (Adenine (A) to C, 1%) and position 499 (Guanine (G) to C, 1%). Fifty-three samples presented nucleotide insertion and deletion of C and A (CA) at position 514–523. Insertion of 1AC (3%) and 2AC (2%) were observed. Deletion of 1CA (53%) and 2CA (2%) at position 514–523 were revealed. The deletion of T at position 459 was observed. The haplotype diversity, random match probability, and discrimination power were calculated to be 0.7770, 0.2308, and 0.7692, respectively.