10例开腹胆囊切除术致胆管损伤分析

目的探讨开腹胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的原因。方法回顾分析10例开腹胆囊切除术所致胆管损伤。结果开腹胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的主要原因有主观因素和客观因素,包括解剖因素、病理因素、技术因素等。结论加强责任心,提高医生对胆囊手术的认识,重视胆囊切除术,清楚解剖结构,是预防胆管损伤的关键。     

择期开腹胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的原因分析及预防

目的　探讨开腹胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的原因分析及预防。方法　回顾性分析 7例医源性胆管损伤。结果　择期胆囊切除术致医源性胆管损伤的原因主要有人为因素和客观因素 ,包括胆道解剖异常、医生责任和技术因素。结论　提高医生对胆管损伤的警觉性 ,术中解剖清楚 ,是预防医源性胆管损伤的关键。     

择期开腹胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的原因分析有预防

目的 探讨开腹胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的原因分析及预防。方法 回顾性分析7例医源性胆管损伤。结果 择期胆囊切除术致医源性胆管损伤的原因主要有人为因素和客观因素，包括胆道解剖异常、医生责任和技术因素。结论 提高医生对胆管损伤的警觉性，术中解剖清楚，是预防医源性胆管损伤的关键。     

开腹胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的预防（附11例分析）

目的：探讨开腹胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的原因及预防措施。方法：结合献复习，回顾性分析11例医源性胆管损伤。结果：胆囊切除术致医源性胆管损伤原因繁杂，主要总结为病理因素、解剖变异及人为因素。加强外科医师素质培训，重视每1例OC，防止盲目自信；术中细致解剖，辨明变异，不断提高手术技能，熟练运用各种特殊情况下的处理方法，则医源性胆管损伤是可以避免的。结论：提高认识、高度重视、辨清Calot三角解剖关系是预防胆管损伤的关键。     

开腹胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的原因及处理

目的 探讨开腹胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的原因、处理。方法 回顾性分析11例开腹胆囊切除术所致胆管损伤。结果 胆管损伤的原因有人为因素和客观因素，包括胆道解剖变异、局部病理因素、手术操作不当等。损伤发生后应据具体情况，给予直接缝合修补、对端吻合、胆肠吻合、T管引流等。结论 提高医生对胆管损伤的警惕性，注意规范手术操作，熟悉胆道解剖，掌握各种切除胆囊的方法。胆管损伤发生后应及早诊断，并根据损伤发现的时间、部位、类型选择合理的处理方法。     

胆囊切除术胆总管损伤的原因分析与预防

目的:分析胆囊切除术导致的胆总管损伤的原因以及预防措施。方法:选取我院2010~2014进行开腹胆囊切除术出现胆总管损伤的患者15例进行临床分析。分析胆囊切除术引起胆总管损伤的原因。结果:开腹胆囊切除术导致胆总管损伤的原因有解剖因素、病理因素、手术技术因素等。要避免在胆囊切除术中出现胆总管损伤的情况,就要加强临床医生对胆囊切除术的认识,避免造成胆总管损伤的因素,提高手术医生的操作技术,从而能够有效降低胆囊切除术中胆总管损伤的几率。结论:医生在进行胆囊切除术治疗过程中,要提高自我责任意识,加强对胆总管损伤的重视,保证在手术过程中,解剖清楚,从而能够有效预防胆囊切除术中出现的胆总管损伤。     

急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道损伤的防治

目的 探讨急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)致胆道损伤原因及预防处理措施.方法 回顾性分析720例急性胆囊炎行LC术中致胆道损伤7例患者的临床资料.结果 7例胆道损伤中,胆总管横断2例,肝总管横断2例,右肝管小破裂口损伤1例,肝总管胆囊管结合部撕裂2例.发生胆管损伤的主要原因有胆道局部病理因素、解剖异常、胆囊颈结石嵌顿、操作粗暴等.发现胆管损伤后均及时中转开腹,根据损伤的具体类型行补救手术.结论 提高医生对胆管损伤的警觉性,规范和细致的操作,从引起胆管损伤的原因着手,术中解剖清晰是预防胆管损伤的关键,及时中转开腹是补救胆道损伤的必要措施.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管损伤18例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)致胆管损伤原因及处理方法.方法 回顾性分析我院2005-2011年18例腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管损伤临床资料,并总结胆管损伤的原因、类型及处理方法.结果 18例胆管损伤原因主要是因胆囊炎症致胆囊三角解剖不清及解剖变异、操作不当等,其中7例行可吸收无损伤线直接缝合破损处、7例用可吸收生物夹夹闭胆管破损处、3例中转开腹行"T"管引流术、1例行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,18例均得到治愈.结论 胆管损伤是严重的腹腔镜胆囊切除手术并发症,应早期预防和发现胆管损伤,不可盲目追求腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术率和低的中转开腹率.     

开腹胆囊切除术胆管损伤13例分析

目的　探讨开腹胆囊切除术胆管损伤的原因及预防措施。方法　回顾我院 2 0年来开腹胆囊切除术致胆管损伤 13例 ,分析损伤的部位、类型及原因。结果　本组 13例 ,痊愈出院 11例 ,治愈率 84.6 % ,死亡 2例 ,病死率 15 .4%。结论　熟练掌握Calot三角解剖关系 ,把握恰当的手术时机 ,规范手术操作是预防胆管损伤的关键     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹30例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹原因。方法:回顾分析1102例腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果:腹腔镜胆囊切除术成功率97.3%,中转开腹30例,占2.7%,其中胆囊急性化脓性炎症及胆囊萎缩致Calot三角解剖不清22例,出血4例,胆管损伤2例,胆囊癌2例。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹原因依次为Calot三角解剖不清、出血、胆管损伤、胆囊癌。严格腹腔镜手术程序可降低严重并发症发生率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.