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【摘要】 微小RNA (miRNA)是近年来在真核生物中发现的、在转录后水平负调控基因表达的一类长约22个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA。miRNA生物学效应广泛,与细胞生长、凋亡、新陈代谢和信号转导等密切相关。已报道miRNA在各种肿瘤中表达失常,可能发挥着癌基因和抑癌基因的双重作用,同时越来越多的研究表明miRNA在调节肿瘤细胞对抗肿瘤药物耐药方面发挥着重要作用。系统深入地研究miRNA在肿瘤耐药中的机制,将为发展基于miRNA逆转肿瘤耐药的治疗策略提供重要的依据。 相似文献
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微小RNA(miRNA)是近年来在真核生物中发现的、在转录后水平负调控基因表达的一类长约22个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA.miRNA生物学效应广泛,与细胞生长、凋亡、新陈代谢和信号转导等密切相关.已报道miRNA在各种肿瘤中表达失常,可能发挥着癌基因和抑癌基因的双重作用,同时越来越多的研究表明miRNA在调节肿瘤细胞对抗肿瘤药物耐药方面发挥着重要作用.系统深入地研究miRNA在肿瘤耐药中的机制,将为发展基于miRNA逆转肿瘤耐药的治疗策略提供重要的依据. 相似文献
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微小RNA(miRNA)是近年来在真核生物中发现的、在转录后水平负调控基因表达的一类长约22个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA.miRNA生物学效应广泛,与细胞生长、凋亡、新陈代谢和信号转导等密切相关.已报道miRNA在各种肿瘤中表达失常,可能发挥着癌基因和抑癌基因的双重作用,同时越来越多的研究表明miRNA在调节肿瘤细胞对抗肿瘤药物耐药方面发挥着重要作用.系统深入地研究miRNA在肿瘤耐药中的机制,将为发展基于miRNA逆转肿瘤耐药的治疗策略提供重要的依据. 相似文献
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Jia Liu Hongcheng Zhu Xi Yang Yangyang Ge Chi Zhang Qin Qin Jing Lu Liangliang Zhan Hongyan Cheng Xinchen Sun 《Tumour biology》2014,35(5):3975-3979
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent an important nonprotein part of the human genome in tumor biology. Among the several types of miRNAs, microRNA-21 (miR-21) is dysregulated in several types of cancer and plays a key role in carcinogenesis, recurrence, and metastasis. Thus, it can be a potential target for cancer therapy including radiation therapy. In this review, we focus on miR-21, which has been identified in human cancer tissues, to suggest reasonable strategies for future research. miR-21 may have an influence on cell cycle, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, autophagy, and hypoxia of cancer during irradiation. We review the use of miR-21 in cancer radiation therapy and describe the known functions and possible underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-21 in radiosensitivity and radioresistance. Furthermore, the current and potential future applications of miR-21 in cancer radiation therapy are also discussed. 相似文献
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长非编码RNA(lncRNA)-母系表达基因3(MEG3)和微小RNA-21(miR-21)是抑癌和致癌因子。竞争性内源RNA(ceRNA)假说为研究RNA之间的相互作用提供了新的策略。MEG3可作为miR-21的ceRNA在乳腺癌、宫颈癌、胃癌、肺癌、白血病等恶性肿瘤的发生、发展、增殖、转移以及药物耐药、预后中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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Docetaxel is a chemotherapy drug to treat breast cancer, however as with many chemotherapeutic drugs resistance to docetaxel
occurs in 50% of patients, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of drug resistance are not fully understood. Gene regulation
through microRNAs (miRNA) has been shown to play an important role in cancer drug resistance. By directly targeting mRNA,
miRNAs are able to inhibit genes that are necessary for signalling pathways or drug induced apoptosis rendering cells drug
resistant. This study investigated the role of differential miRNA expression in two in vitro breast cancer cell line models
(MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) of acquired docetaxel resistance. MiRNA microarray analysis identified 299 and 226 miRNAs altered in MCF-7
and MDA-MB-231 docetaxel-resistant cells, respectively. Docetaxel resistance was associated with increased expression of miR-34a
and miR-141 and decreased expression of miR-7, miR-16, miR-30a, miR-125a-5p, miR-126. Computational target prediction revealed
eight candidate genes targeted by these miRNAs. Quantitative PCR and western analysis confirmed decreased expression of two
genes, BCL-2 and CCND1, in docetaxel-resistant cells, which are both targeted by miR-34a. Modulation of miR-34a expression was correlated with BCL-2
and cyclin D1 protein expression changes and a direct interaction of miR-34a with BCL-2 was shown by luciferase assay. Inhibition
of miR-34a enhanced response to docetaxel in MCF-7 docetaxel-resistant cells, whereas overexpression of miR-34a conferred
resistance in MCF-7 docetaxel-sensitive cells. This study is the first to show differences in miRNA expression, in particular,
increased expression of miR-34a in an acquired model of docetaxel resistance in breast cancer. This serves as a mechanism
of acquired docetaxel resistance in these cells, possibly through direct interactions with BCL-2 and CCND1, therefore presenting a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of docetaxel-resistant breast cancer. 相似文献
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs with regulatory functions, which play an important role in breast cancer. Several
studies have shown that miRNAs can act either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes, and that measurement of miRNA expression
in malignancies may have diagnostic and prognostic implications. This article highlights a series of three recent studies
that prove the involvement of miRNAs in breast cancer metastases. The first proves that miR-10b indirectly activates the pro-metastatic gene RHOC by suppressing HOXD10, thus leading to tumor invasion and metastasis. The second proves that miR-373 and miR-520c can also promote tumor invasion and metastasis, at least in part by regulating the gene CD44. The third identifies miR-335, miR-206, and miR-126 as suppressors of breast cancer metastasis. Loss of miR-335 leads to the activation of SOX4 and TNC (encoding tenascin C), which are responsible for the acquisition of metastatic properties. Altogether, these remarkable findings
are important for our understanding of malignant transformation in the breast and may have implications for the management
of patients with advanced breast cancer. The use of miRNAs as anticancer therapeutic agents is promising, and such fine molecular
studies certainly help in bringing miRNAs closer to clinical practice. 相似文献
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Jianwei Xu Tianxiao Wang Zhe Cao Hua Huang Jian Li Wenjing Liu Shanglong Liu Lei You Li Zhou Taiping Zhang Yupei Zhao 《Oncotarget》2014,5(16):6983-6993
Chemoresistance is one of the causes of poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients. However, the mechanisms of resistance remain unclear. Here we screened miRNAs associated with drug resistance in pancreatic cancer, and identified a panel of miRNAs dysregulated in gemcitabine-resistance pancreatic cancer cells, including 13 downregulated miRNAs and 20 upregulated miRNAs. Further studies focusing on miR-497 demonstrated that miR-497 suppressed cells proliferation, decreased the percentage of S phase cells, re-sensitized cells to gemcitabine and erlotinib, and attenuated migration and invasion capacities. Furthermore, fibroblast growth factor 2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 were confirmed as miR-497 targets. Overexpression of miR-497 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, miR-497 expression was significantly downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with tumor-adjacent samples (P=0.000). Low expression of miR-497 was an independent adverse prognostic factor of pancreatic cancer (P=0.01, hazard ratio=2.762, 95% confidence interval: 1.159–6.579). Together these results indicate that miR-497 could be a new therapeutic target and prognostic marker of pancreatic cancer. 相似文献
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Qian Bai Zhenjie Pan Ghulam Nabi Farooq Rashid Yang Liu Suliman Khan 《American journal of cancer research》2022,12(3):961
Cancer of the thyroid is the most common endocrine malignancy. While treatment options are limited for individuals with medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer, understanding the underlying mechanisms is vital to developing a successful thyroid cancer treatment strategy due to the tumor’s multistep carcinogenesis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been associated with thyroid cancer progression in several recent studies; however, the role of regulatory interactions among different types of ncRNAs in thyroid cancer remains unclear. Recently, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) has been discovered as a mechanism demonstrating regulatory interactions among non-coding RNAs, including pseudogenes, long non-coding RNAs (lnRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). It has been concluded from the literature that numerous ceRNA networks are deregulated during the development, invasion, and metastasis of thyroid cancer, as well as in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance. Further understanding of these deregulations is important to develop diagnostic procedures for early detection of thyroid cancer and promising therapeutic options for effective treatment. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging roles of some newly found ceRNA members in thyroid cancer and outline the current body of knowledge regarding ceRNA, lncRNA, pseudogenes, and miRNAs. 相似文献
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Patterns of known and novel small RNAs in human cervical cancer 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Recent studies suggest that knowledge of differential expression of microRNAs (miRNA) in cancer may have substantial diagnostic and prognostic value. Here, we use a direct sequencing method to characterize the profiles of miRNAs and other small RNA segments for six human cervical carcinoma cell lines and five normal cervical samples. Of 166 miRNAs expressed in normal cervix and cancer cell lines, we observed significant expression variation of six miRNAs between the two groups. To further show the biological relevance of our findings, we examined the expression level of two significantly varying miRNAs in a panel of 29 matched pairs of human cervical cancer and normal cervical samples. Reduced expression of miR-143 and increased expression of miR-21 were reproducibly displayed in cancer samples, suggesting the potential value of these miRNAs as tumor markers. In addition to the known miRNAs, we found a number of novel miRNAs and an additional set of small RNAs that do not meet miRNA criteria. 相似文献
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Duc‐Hiep Bach Ji‐Young Hong Hyen Joo Park Sang Kook Lee 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2017,141(2):220-230
Chemotherapy, one of the principal approaches for cancer patients, plays a crucial role in controlling tumor progression. Clinically, tumors reveal a satisfactory response following the first exposure to the chemotherapeutic drugs in treatment. However, most tumors sooner or later become resistant to even chemically unrelated anticancer agents after repeated treatment. The reduced drug accumulation in tumor cells is considered one of the significant mechanisms by decreasing drug permeability and/or increasing active efflux (pumping out) of the drugs across the cell membrane. The mechanisms of treatment failure of chemotherapeutic drugs have been investigated, including drug efflux, which is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes, a subset of EVs with a size range of 40–150 nm and a lipid bilayer membrane, can be released by all cell types. They mediate specific cell‐to‐cell interactions and activate signaling pathways in cells they either fuse with or interact with, including cancer cells. Exosomal RNAs are heterogeneous in size but enriched in small RNAs, such as miRNAs. In the primary tumor microenvironment, cancer‐secreted exosomes and miRNAs can be internalized by other cell types. MiRNAs loaded in these exosomes might be transferred to recipient niche cells to exert genome‐wide regulation of gene expression. How exosomal miRNAs contribute to the development of drug resistance in the context of the tumor microenvironment has not been fully described. In this review, we will highlight recent studies regarding EV‐mediated microRNA delivery in formatting drug resistance. We also suggest the use of EVs as an advancing method in antiresistance treatment. 相似文献
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微RNA(miRNA)是一类长约19~25 nt的单链非编码小RNA,在各种生物体细胞的生长、分化、增殖和凋亡、脂肪代谢等生理进程中发挥重要作用.大量研究表明,miRNA失调与慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)的进展、预后和耐药相关.miR-15a/16-1、miR-34b/c、miR-181b、miR-29、miR-3676、miR-17/92以及miR-155家族成员调节重要基因的表达,是CLL中最易发生失调的miRNA.为了进一步阐明CLL发生发展的分子机制,文章综述了相关miRNA的调控网络以及同其他调控因子的整合. 相似文献
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miRNAs are endogenous small RNAs that are important regulators of gene expression. miR-1294 was found to
be significantly down-regulated in 15 cancers and regulated by 21 upstream regulators. miR-1294 affects the proliferation,
migration, invasion, and apoptosis of cancer cells. The target genes of miR-1294 are involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR,
RAS, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Six target genes of miR-1294 are the targets of a variety of drugs. Low expression
of miR-1294 is associated with resistance to cisplatin and TMZ and a poorer prognosis in patients with ESCC, GC, EOC,
PDAC, or NSCLC. Therefore, this work outlines the molecular mechanisms and provides a basis for the clinical
significance of the tumor suppressor miR-1294 in cancer. 相似文献
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