泮托拉唑应用于预防创伤后应激性溃疡的临床价值

目的:分析泮托拉唑应用于预防创伤后应激性溃疡的临床价值.方法:选取2012-01/2014-01南阳市中心医院接收治疗的外科重症及大手术患者108例,采用随机数表法将108例患者分为观察组和对照组,每组54例.给予观察组患者泮托拉唑,给予对照组患者西咪替丁.对比治疗2w k后两组患者的发生率和手术前后的胃液p H值.结果:观察组患者中有2例患者发生应激性溃疡,发生率为3.71%.对照组患者中有11例患者发生应激性溃疡,发生率为20.38%.比较两组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).术前观察组患者和对照组患者的胃液p H值分别为2.00±0.22和2.00±0.23,术后观察组患者和对照组患者的胃液p H值分别为2.00±0.23和7.20±1.10.手术前后观察组患者的胃液p H值均高于对照组患者,比较两组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).结论:泮托拉唑较西咪替丁预防创伤后应激性溃疡的临床疗效较好,能够显著降低应激性溃疡的发生率.     

泮托拉唑与奥曲肽治疗上消化道出血的临床分析

目的初步探讨泮托拉唑与奥曲肽单独与联合治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的有效性及安全性。方法选取武汉科技大学附属汉阳医院消化内科2009年12月-2012年12月非静脉曲张性消化道出血153例,随机分为A、B、C组,每组51例,在其他对症治疗的基础上,A组单独给予泮托拉唑,B组单独使用奥曲肽,C组泮托拉唑与奥曲肽联合应用。比较3组患者在持续出血时间、出血量、胃液pH值、血红蛋白、临床疗效及不良反应方面的差异。结果 (1)三组患者持续出血时间、输血量、胃液pH值、血红蛋白比较:与A、B组比较,C组持续出血时间、输血量明显减少,胃液pH值、血红蛋白明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)三组患者临床疗效比较:在显效及总有效率方面,C组均明显高于其他两组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)不良反应比较:三组患者均未发现明显不良反应。结论对于非静脉曲张性消化道出血,泮托拉唑与奥曲肽联合应用能高效快速止血,应在临床开展应用。     

泮托拉唑与奥美拉唑治疗消化性溃疡出血治疗效果对比

目的对比评价泮托拉唑与奥美拉唑治疗消化性溃疡出血的疗效.方法本研究收集湖北省潜江市中心医院消化内科住院部2016-03/2016-12期间确诊并纳入治疗的消化性溃疡出血患者80例作为研究对象,根据治疗方案分为奥美拉唑组(n=40)与泮托拉唑组(n=40).对比2组患者在临床疗效、出血情况以及呕血、黑便等临床指标方面的差异.结果对比临床总有效率,泮托拉唑组与奥美拉唑组均为95.00%(38/40),无显著差异(P0.05).对比出血情况,泮托拉唑组治疗第1天出血量为153.2 mL±15.6 mL,治疗第3天出血量为12.1 mL±2.5 mL,出血停止时间为1.3 d±0.4 d,均显著低于奥美拉唑组,对比有显著差异(P0.05).对比临床治疗,泮托拉唑组呕血次数平均为0.2次±0.1次,黑便次数平均为0.9次±0.2次,均显著低于奥美拉唑组,对比有显著差异(P0.05).对比胃内酸碱度,泮托拉唑组24 h胃内酸碱值平均为6.7 pH±0.2pH,显著高于奥美拉唑组,酸碱度达4.0时间平均为18.1 min±2.5 min,酸碱度达6.0时间平均为31.5 min±1.2 min,均显著短于奥美拉唑组,对比有显著差异(P0.05).结论泮托拉唑治疗消化性溃疡出血的临床疗效与奥美拉唑相当,但在控制出血、缩短出血时间以及缓解呕血黑便等症状上效果更为确切,有临床推广实践价值.     

消化内镜氩离子凝固术后不同黏膜保护剂应用的对比研究

目的:探讨不同黏膜保护剂在上消化道黏膜隆起病变内镜下氩离子凝固术后的临床应用效果.方法:选取西安市第一医院2018年6月-2020年6月行内镜下氩离子凝固术的240例患者,术后随机分为A、B、C、D组,每组60例.A组单独使用PPI制剂泮托拉唑;B组使用康复新液+泮托拉唑;C组使用硫糖铝混悬凝胶+泮托拉唑;D组使用胶体...     

三种不同剂量埃索美拉唑对健康志愿者胃内pH值的影响

目的:观察不同剂量埃索美拉唑对健康志愿者胃内pH值的影响.方法:研究为随机、开放、三交叉设计试验,入选的15名健康志愿者分别按3种剂量口服埃索美拉唑[每日1次每次20 mg(A剂量)、每日1次每次40 mg(B剂量)、每日2次每次20 mg(C剂量)],每种剂量连续口服5d,第5天时进行24 h胃内pH值监测.结果:按A、B、C三种剂量口服埃索美拉唑5 d后,24 h胃内pH值>4的时间分别为(18.70±4.19)、(19.27 4±2.68)、(21.16±2.45)h.其中C剂量与其余2种用法比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),其余2种用法间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).C剂量埃索美拉唑用药后胃内全天和夜间的中位pH值及胃内pH值>3、4、5的时时间百分比(全天:6.73±0.64、95.0%±7.5%、92.0%4±10.6%、86.7%±14.5%;夜间:6.22±1.30、93.2%±13.1%、87.8%±20.3%、78.6%±28.9%)与A剂量(全天:5.99±1.83、85.1%±16.3%、81.1%±18.1%、71.5%±20.3%;夜间:4.90±2.14、72.9%±30.5%、67.2%±31.9%、55.7%±31.8%)和B剂量(全天:6.33±0.62、87.9%±9.5%、83.5%±11.7%、75.6%±15.5%;夜间:4.93±1.60、75.7%±20.8%、66.9%±23.8%、53.3%±30.3%)这2种用法比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),后2种用法间比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论:埃索美拉唑具有较强的抑酸作用,每日2次每次20 mg的剂量抑酸效果优于每日1次每次20 mg和每日1次每次40 mg,后2种方法抑酸效果相似.     

生长抑素联合泮托拉唑治疗老年急性非静脉曲张性上消化道大出血观察

目的 观察生长抑素联合泮托拉唑治疗老年急性非静脉曲张性上消化道大出血的治疗效果.方法 将80例老年急性非静脉曲张性上消化道大出血患者随机分成对照组(40例)和观察组(40例).两组均给予泮托拉唑静脉注射,治疗组加用生长抑素.两组持续用药72 h后,分别观察两组治疗后12 h、24 h、48h内的止血效果.结果 治疗组与对照组12 h止血率分别为75.0%和52.5%;24 h止血率分别为87.5%、67.5%;48 h止血率分别为97.5%、80.0%.两组12 h、24 h及48 h的有效率比较有统计学差异(均P＜0.05).结论 生长抑素联合泮托拉唑治疗老年非静脉曲张性上消化道大出血疗效肯定,止血速度快,止血成功率高,可降低急诊手术率和病死率.     

康复新液联合泮托拉唑治疗胃黏膜切除术后相关溃疡120例

[目的]观察康复新液联合泮托拉唑治疗胃黏膜切除术(EMR)后相关溃疡的临床疗效.[方法]将240例行胃EMR患者随机分为2组,治疗组给予泮托拉唑和康复新液治疗,对照组单用泮托拉唑治疗,术后1、4周复查胃镜,观察溃疡愈合情况.[结果]治疗组术后1周溃疡愈合率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).[结论]康复新液能促进胃EMR后相关溃疡的早期愈合.     

注射用泮托拉唑钠治疗上消化道大出血的疗效观察

上消化道出血是消化系统常见急症。质子泵抑制剂泮托拉唑可作用于胃酸分泌的最后环节，迅速提高胃内pH值，有效止血。为了评价注射用泮托拉唑钠对上消化道大出血的临床疗效及其安全性，广州地区三家医院于2004年9月至2005年2月对60例非静脉曲张破裂引起的上消化道大出血患者进行了研究。     

泮托拉唑和法莫替丁联合治疗老年消化性溃疡的疗效观察

目的探讨老年消化性溃疡患者采用法莫替丁和泮托拉唑联合治疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法将120例消化性溃疡老年患者随机分成三组,A组采用法莫替丁治疗,B组采用泮托拉唑治疗,C组采用泮托拉唑联合法莫替丁治疗。结果三组疗效差异有统计学意义(χ2=-6.978,P=0.031),A、B两组的疗效差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.258,P=0.796),A、B两组与C组的疗效差异具有统计学意义(Z=-2.348,P=0.019;Z=-2.573,P=0.010),C组的疗效优于A、B两组;A组的不良反应例数7例(17.50%),B组8例(20.00%),C组8例(20.00%),三组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.108,P=0.948)。结论法莫替丁或泮托拉唑治疗老年消化性溃疡的临床疗效相当,两药联用可显著提高临床疗效。     

重症急性胰腺炎患者早期胃内pH值变化的临床意义

目的 探讨SAP患者SIRS期胃内pH值变化的临床意义及质子泵抑制剂(PPI)对其的影响.方法 对2005年1月至2006年11月间,发病时间≤48h的108例SAP患者,采用试纸法检测胃液pH值变化,观测SAP患者入院时及入院后72h平均胃内pH值＞4、＞6的时点数变化,并与APACHEⅡ评分及上消化道出血进行比较.将入院时pH值≤4的74例患者分为PPI持续(A组)和间断(B组)静脉输注两组,观察其胃内pH值的变化及与上消化道出血的关系.结果 108例患者入院时平均胃内pH值与APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关(r=-0.433,P＜0.05).pH值≤4与＞4的患者分别占68.52%与31.48%,上消化道出血的患者分别有12例与1例,差异显著(X2=3.8774,P=0.0489).应用PPI后0～24 h,A、B组平均胃内pH值分别为5.24±0.83与4.79±0.89,24～48 h时分别为6.21±1.45与5.56±1.22,差异显著(t=2.2067、2.0888,P=0.0305、0.0403),而48～72 h时分别为6.42±1.18、5.98±1.05, 差异无意义(t=1.6884、P=0.0957).72h内,A、B组胃内pH值＞4的时点数分别为29.22±2.38、27.97±2.92,无显著差异(t=1.9590,P=0.0540),而＞6的时点数分别为25.66±4.98、20.32±3.72,差异显著(t=5.2828,P=0.0000).两组发生上消化道出血分别为1例与11例(X2=5.7220,P=0.0168),差异有统计学意义.结论 SAP患者早期胃内pH值的高低与病情严重度及上消化道出血发生的危险性高度相关,静脉持续输注PPI能更迅速地提高胃内pH值,并能有效维持高pH值状态,减少上消化道出血的发生.     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清血管细胞黏附分子-1水平及罗格列酮干预临床研究

目的:探讨血清血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)在2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者中的作用及罗格列酮干预的影响.方法:选取门诊及病房中单纯2型糖尿病患者(A组)40例、2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者(B组)40例及健康对照者(C组)40名,检测体重指数、血脂、血压、血糖、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数,酶联免疫吸附法测定sVCAM-1.2型糖尿病患者(A组、B组)均以罗格列酮(4 mg/d)干预治疗24周,于治疗前后检测上述各指标,进行不同治疗时段对照研究及指标间相关性研究.结果:A组、B组分别与C组比较体重指数、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数、糖化血红蛋白A1c、甘油三酯、总胆同醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低(P＜0.05～0.01),差异有统计学意义;B组与c组比较收缩压、舒张压均升高(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义;B组与A组比较收缩压、舒张压、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数、糖化血红蛋白A1c、甘油三酯均升高(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义.sVCAM-1分别与体重指数、血压、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数、糖化血红蛋白A1c、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆同醇呈负相关;A组sVCAM-1水平高于C组,B组sVCAM-1明显高于A组;罗格列酮干预后A组sVCAM-1均有不同程度下降.结论:应用罗格列酮治疗2型糖尿病合并冠心病后sVCAM-1有不同程度下降,提示罗格列酮对防治这类患者可能起一定的作用.     

国产与进口比索洛尔降压疗效对比观察

目的　研究和评价国产与进口比索洛尔联合非洛地平缓释片的降压疗效。方法　 16 0例 1、2级的原发性高血压病人随机分为A(n =4 0 )、B(n =38)、C(n =4 2 ) ,D(n =4 0 ) 4组。服用比索洛尔 2 5mgqd ,A组、C组为国产品 ,B组、D组为进口产品 ,且C组、D组联合非洛地平缓释片 2 5mgqd。每周依据血压调整一次药物剂量 ,尽量使血压控制在 135 /85mmHg以下 ,最大剂量控制在比索洛尔 10mgqd ,非洛地平缓释片 10mgqd ,8周为一疗程。观察 4组治疗前、后偶测血压 (OBP)和动态血压 (ABP)变化、药物不良反应、心电图和生化指标。结果　降压总有效率、血压下降幅度、2 4小时血压谷 /峰比 (T/P) :C、D组显著优于A、B组 (P <0 0 1) ,A组与B组比较及C组与D组均无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。治疗前后 4组生化指标无显著改变。结论　国产与进口比索洛尔降压效果及不良反应均无显著差异 ,联合用药较单用疗效更好。     

急性左心衰患者50例院前急救临床分析

目的探讨急性左心衰患者院前急救的临床效果。方法回顾性分析98例急性左心衰患者的临床资料,其中院前急救组（A组）50例,自行来院就诊患者为对照组（B组）48例,对两组有效救治的时间、治疗效果及病死率进行比较。结果A组从发病到救治的时间显著早于B组[（10．52±2．11）min比（45．23±5．23）min．P〈0．05]。A组治疗1h后有效率优于B组,差异有统计学意义（96％比79％,P〈0．05）。A组24h内病死率明显低于B组的,差异有统计学意义（2．16％比4．52％,P〈0．05）。结论院前急救可较早改善急性左心衰患者的临床症状,阻止病情恶化,降低病死率。     

中西药联用治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效分析

目的 探讨国产抗病毒药物单磷酸阿糖腺苷(Ara—AMP)、苦参素、胸腺肽联合治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的疗效。方法 将136例CHB患者分为4组：A组30例，单独使用Ara-AMP,400mg加入10％葡萄糖200ml静滴，1／d，30d为1个疗程；B组30例，单独使用苦参素注射液6ml肌注，1／d，3个月为1个疗程；C组46例，苦参素、胸腺肽、Ara-AMP联合应用，胸腺肽100mg，静滴，1／d，30d为1个疗程；D组30例，为对照组，仅应用保肝药。结果 A、B、C组均有不同程度抗病毒作用，治疗后1年HBeAg、HBV DNA转阴率分别为33．33％、33．33％、52．34％和33．33％、30％、50％，均明显高于对照组(10％和10％)，P＜0．05；C组ALT复常率高于A、B2组，P＜0．05。HBeAg、HBV DNA转阴率与A、B组比较无明显差异，P＞0．05。结论 Ara—AMP、苦参素、胸腺肽联合治疗CHB疗效可靠，无毒副作用。     

Treatment of chronic hepatitis B with the sequential administration of interferon and lamivudine

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Interferon monotherapy has been shown to induce a sustained viral response in 30-40% of patients with HbeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B infection. Similarly, lamivudine monotherapy causes HBeAg seroconversion in less than 20% of patients treated for one year. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of the sequential administration of interferon alfa-2a plus lamivudine to patients with chronic hepatitis B in comparison to lamivudine monotherapy. METHODOLOGY: Sixty-one patients with HbeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B infection and raised ALT were randomized to receive either interferon Alfa-2a, 4.5 million units daily for 16 weeks plus lamivudine 100 mg daily starting from week 5 and continuing for 48 weeks (Group A, n = 32) or lamivudine monotherapy for 48 weeks (Group B; n = 29). Patients were followed for 48 weeks after completion of therapy. RESULTS: HBeAg seroconversion to anti-HB +ve was observed in 2 (6.2%) patients in Group A. Both patients remained HBeAg negative and HBV-DNA negative throughout the follow-up phase. None of the group B patients seroconverted at the end of therapy or during follow-up (P = NS). All group A patients experienced at least one side effect and as a result, one dropped out. All group B patients completed the study without side effects. CONCLUSIONS: The sequential administration of interferon plus lamivudine was not superior to lamivudine monotherapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and was associated with more side effects.     

99Tcm-MIBI 心肌灌注显像及18F-FDG PET心肌代谢显像探测左心室室壁瘤心肌存活性的临床价值

目的 评估99锝m-甲氧基异腈(99Tcm-MIBI)单光子发射计算机断层(SPECT)心肌灌注显像及18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)正电子发射断层(PET)心肌代谢显像探测左心室室壁瘤(室壁瘤)心肌存活性的临床价值.方法 46例确诊为室壁瘤合并左心功能不全[左心射血分数(LVEF)36%±7%],行99Tcm-MIBI SPECT+18F-FDG PET显像,并接受血运重建术的患者,随访(80±27)个月.根据室壁瘤是否有存活心肌[灌注-代谢不匹配分(MMS)≥2.0分]以及是否行室壁瘤切除术,将患者分为4个小组:室擘瘤无存活心肌(A组):血运重建术为Al组(n=8),血运重建术+瘤切除术为A2组(n=15);窒壁瘤有存活心肌(B组):血运重建术为B1组(n=10),血运重建术+瘤切除术为B2组(n=13).结果 A1、A2、B1、B2 4个组心脏事件发生率分别为25%(2/8),40%(6/15).20%(2/10)和31%(4/13)(P＞0.05).除A1组外,其他各组的术后左心功能均得到明显改善(P＜0.05).多因素logistic回归分析筛选出与术后LVEF改善相关的独立影响因素,为左心室的MMS(OR=2.34,95% CI 1.08～5.06,P＜0.05),非室壁瘤部位的心肌灌注分(OR=0.24.95% CI 0.07～0.85,P＜0.05)和远端血管病变(OR=0.008,95% CI 0.001～0.560.P＜0.05).结论 室壁瘤接受血运重建术的患者,长期预后良好.室壁瘤部位有存活心肌的患者,单纯的血运重建术也可以明显改善左心功能,且与心肌存活的量相关.     

Methylprednisolone acetate versus oral prednisolone in moderately active ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: Patients with active ulcerative colitis are treated with corticosteroids. We compared the efficacy and safety of intramuscular depot preparation of methylprednisolone acetate with oral prednisolone in the treatment of moderately active ulcerative colitis. DESIGN: Open labeled, randomized, prospective, four-month study. METHODS: 40 patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis (activity index 150-220) were randomized into two groups. Group A (n=21) received methylprednisolone acetate (80 mg intramuscularly once weekly for 6 weeks). Group B (n=19) received oral prednisolone (40 mg/day) in a 'tailing-off' regimen. In addition, patients in both the groups received sulfasalazine. Patients were followed up at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks. The primary measure of therapeutic response was activity index. An index of <150 was considered as clinical remission. Secondary efficacy was assessed by subjective evaluation of acceptability of treatment by the patient. RESULTS: After one week of treatment, the decrease in mean activity index was significantly more with oral prednisolone (p<0.05), and five 5 patients (23.8%) in Group A and 12 (63.2%) in Group B were in clinical remission (p<0.05). However, after 2 weeks and beyond, the mean activity index and the number of patients with clinical remission were comparable in the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Methylprednisolone acetate as a depot preparation and oral prednisolone are equally effective in inducing remission in patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis. Though symptomatic improvement is quicker with oral prednisolone, the remission rate with the two drugs was similar after 2 weeks of treatment.     

络泰联合低分子肝素治疗急性肺栓塞的临床研究

目的评价络泰联合低分子肝素治疗急性肺栓塞的疗效。方法将确诊的102例急性肺栓塞患者分为2组,A组患者(n=55)单用低分子肝素4100IU,皮下注射,每日2次,共12天。B组患者(n=57)在A组的治疗方案的基础上,加用络泰粉剂0.8g,溶于生理盐水200m l静脉滴注,1小时滴完,每日1次。对比观察疗效。结果2组患者治疗后的各项临床和实验指标均有明显改善,A组治疗有效率为69.1%,B组为75.4%,B组的有效率明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义。鼻出血和皮下出血并发症两组无差异。结论络泰联合低分子肝素治疗急性肺栓塞是安全、有效的。     

Impact of shorter duration of treatment on virological response rate in genotype 2 or 3 chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of shortened duration of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RIB) treatment on sustained virological response (SVR) rates in treatment-naomicronve patients with chronic hepatitis due to genotype 2 or 3 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and high pre-treatment viral load (>800,000 IU/mL). METHODS: Records of 142 patients with chronic hepatitis C (22 with cirrhosis) who had been treated with PEG-IFN and RIB for 24 weeks (Group A, n=88), both drugs for 12-16 weeks (Group B, n=39), or with PEG-IFN for 12-16 weeks and RIB for 24 weeks (Group C, n=15), were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Overall, 81.7% of patients had SVR (Group A: 88.6%, Group B: 69.2% and Group C: 73.3%, p=0.02). Failure to achieve SVR was significantly related to treatment group (p=0.026 for Group B and p=0.002 for Group C, versus Group A), older age (p=0.023), higher liver biopsy stage (p=0.001) and presence of cirrhosis (p< 0.0001). In patients without cirrhosis, only the treatment group (p=0.018 for Group B and p=0.002 for Group C, compared to Group A) independently predicted failure to achieve SVR. CONCLUSION: Shorter duration of PEG-IFN treatment (12-16 weeks) adversely affected the SVR rate in patients with genotype 2 or 3 HCV infection. However, increasing the duration of RIB administration (12-16 weeks versus 24 weeks) in such patients did not have any beneficial effect on SVR in patients receiving short-duration PEG-IFN.     

Clinical outcomes of metallic stent insertion for obstructive colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: As the treatment of acute malignant obstruction of the left colon, self-expandable metallic stent insertion has been clinically used with good results. The aim of this study is to analyze the outcome of planned operation after stent insertion for obstructive colorectal cancer. METHODOLOGY: From 2000 to 2003, among 37 patients treated for obstructive colorectal cancer, we compared hospital days and complications between Group A (n=18) and Group B (n=19). Group A included the patients who underwent planned operation after stent insertion and Group B included the patients who underwent planned operation after emergency temporary colostomy formation. RESULTS: In Group A, complications after stent insertion were perforation with abscess formation (n=1) and stent migration (n=2). Complications after definitive operation were not observed. In Group B, complications after temporary colostomy involed stoma site wound infection (n=2). Complications after definitive surgery were as follows: anastomotic leakage (n=1), pneumonia with acute renal failure (n= 1), wound infection (n=2). In group A and group B, hospital day after decompressive procedure was 5+/-4.0 days (range, 1-16 days) vs. 14+/-4.7 days (range, 7-27 days) (P=0.000). Hospital day after definitive operation was 11+/-4.0 days (range 8-22 days) vs. 16+/-9.2 days (range 10-41 days) (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Because preoperative self-expandable metallic stent insertion for obstructive colorectal cancer had better postoperative results and shorter hospital days than emergent diverting colostomy, this procedure is a good "bridge to surgery".