非心脏手术后延迟拔管的危险因素分析及预测模型建立

目的 探讨非心脏手术后延迟拔管的危险因素并建立预测模型。
方法 回顾性分析2020年9—10月接受非心脏手术且术后于PACU进行麻醉苏醒的1 009例患者临床资料。根据术后是否出现延迟拔管将患者分为两组：延迟拔管组（拔管时间＞1 h）和非延迟拔管组（拔管时间≤1 h）。采用LASSO回归和多因素Logistic回归建立预测模型，受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线、曲线下面积（AUC）和决策曲线分析评估该预测模型对非心脏手术后延迟拔管的预测价值。
结果 发生延迟拔管253例（25.1%）。多因素Logistic回归分析
结果 显示，ACCI评分（≥3分）、BMI（≤22.66 kg/m²）、术中罗库溴铵的使用、术中输血、手术时间（≥166 min）、留置导尿管、PACU内丙泊酚的使用和PACU内血管活性药物的使用是术后延迟拔管的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。预测模型的AUC为0.730（95%CI 0.695～0.765， P<0.001），敏感性81.4%，特异性55.4%。决策曲线分析显示，该预测模型对延迟拔管的预测具有重要临床价值。
结论 ACCI评分（≥3分）、BMI（≤22.66 kg/m²）、术中罗库溴铵的使用、术中输血、手术时间（≥166 min）、留置导尿管、PACU内丙泊酚的使用和PACU内血管活性药物的使用是非心脏手术后延迟拔管的危险因素，基于以上危险因素建立的模型具有较好的预测价值。     

新生儿开胸心脏手术后急性肾功能损伤的危险因素

目的 分析新生儿开胸心脏手术后急性肾功能损伤（AKI）的危险因素。
方法 本研究为回顾性病例-对照研究。收集2017年3月至2018年6月在本院行开胸心脏手术的新生儿112例,男78例,女34例,手术日龄1～28 d,出生体重1.70～4.13 kg,手术日体重1.85～4.30 kg,ASA Ⅲ—Ⅴ级。本研究采用单因素分析和二元逐步Logistic回归分析术后AKI的危险因素。
结果 术后有42例（37.5%）患儿发生AKI。与非AKI患儿比较,术后合并AKI的患儿术后机械通气时间以及住院时间明显延长（P<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示：出生胎龄、术前乳酸浓度、术前NICU住院时间、更高的STAT手术难度分级、深低温停循环、术中最低温度、术后延迟关胸、术后非计划再次手术与AKI发生有关（P<0.05）。二元逐步Logistic回归分析显示,STAT手术难度4～5级（OR=5.805,95% CI 1.985～16.981,P=0.001）和深低温停循环（OR=4.475,95%CI 1.249～16.029,P=0.021）是新生儿开胸心脏术后发生AKI的独立危险因素。
结论 STAT手术难度4～5级和深低温停循环是开胸心脏手术患儿术后AKI的独立危险因素。     

术前高敏C反应蛋白水平与成人心脏手术后急性肾损伤的相关性

目的 分析术前高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平与成人心脏手术后急性肾损伤（AKI）的相关性。
方法 本研究为回顾性病例-对照研究。收集2017年1月至2018年12月行开放心脏手术的成年患者病历资料。根据改善全球肾脏病预后组织（KDIGO）标准判断AKI。采用多因素Logistic回归分析评估术前hs-CRP水平>3 mg/L与术后AKI的相关性。
结果 本研究共纳入患者17 339例,术后有5 231例（30.1%）发生AKI。术前hs-CRP>3 mg/L的患者有4 350例（25.1%）。单因素分析显示,AKI患者术前存在hs-CRP>3 mg/L的比例明显高于非AKI患者（30.5% vs 24.8%,P<0.001）。在校正了性别、年龄、既往史、术前心功能、术前肾功能、术中输血情况等因素后,术前hs-CRP>3 mg/L是成人心脏术后发生AKI的独立危险因素（OR=1.145, 95%CI 1.052～1.246,P=0.002）。
结论 术前hs-CRP水平>3 mg/L会增加心脏术后AKI的发生风险。     

全麻患者术后麻醉重症监护室中新发下肢深静脉血栓的危险因素

目的 筛选全麻术后转入麻醉重症监护室（AICU）的患者新发下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）的危险因素。
方法 回顾性收集2022年5—8月择期行全麻下手术后带气管插管转入AICU的患者192例，男105例，女87例，年龄18～85岁，BMI 18～31 kg/m²，ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。收集患者基线资料、麻醉手术资料及实验室检查资料。根据入AICU 6 h内的超声结果是否有新发DVT将患者分为两组：DVT组和非DVT组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选AICU中患者术后6 h内新发DVT的危险因素及其95%可信区间（CI）。
结果 全麻术后在AICU新发DVT的患者有64例（33.3%），均为小腿肌间静脉血栓（CMVT）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，术前心律失常（OR=2.236，95%CI 1.011～4.943，P=0.047）、术前血小板计数高（OR=1.006，95%CI 1.002～1.010，P=0.007）、术前D-二聚体浓度高（OR=1.203，95%CI 1.046～1.383，P=0.010）、术中低血压（OR=1.010，95%CI 1.002～1.019，P=0.020）和术中应用去甲肾上腺素（OR=3.796，95%CI 1.697～8.492，P=0.001）是全麻术后AICU中患者新发DVT的危险因素；阿司匹林规律服用史（OR=0.176，95%CI 0.060～0.518，P=0.002）是其保护因素。
结论 术前心律失常、术前血小板计数高、术前D-二聚体浓度高、术中低血压及术中应用去甲肾上腺素是全麻手术后AICU患者6 h内新发DVT的危险因素。     

心脏外科术后肺部并发症的危险因素

目的 分析心脏外科术后肺部并发症（PPCs）的危险因素。
方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年12月行心脏外科手术患者的病历资料,根据患者是否发生PPCs分为两组：并发症组（n=271）和无并发症组（n=331）。提取性别、年龄、ASA分级、高血压病史、糖尿病病史、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）病史、脑血管病史、手术史、术前房颤、肺动脉高压、心功能指标、凝血功能指标、肝肾功能指标、乳酸脱氢酶、血糖、手术时间、心肺转流（CPB）时间、术中药物使用情况、术中输血量、术中液体输注量、术中尿量、术后肝肾功能指标、心电图等临床指标,采用单因素分析评估上述指标与PPCs的相关性。将组间差异有统计学意义的单因素纳入Logistic回归模型,分析心脏外科PPCs的独立危险因素。
结果 与无并发症组比较,并发症组年龄、左心房直径明显增大,ASA分级、糖尿病和术前房颤比例、肺动脉高压分级、淋巴细胞含量、尿素氮、球蛋白、总蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、AST浓度明显升高（P＜0.05）;手术时间和CPB时间明显延长,术中输注血小板比例明显升高,晶体液输注量明显增多（P＜0.05）;术后尿素氮、肌酐浓度明显升高,引流量明显增多（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,ASA Ⅳ级（OR=1.886,95%CI 1.030～3.456,P=0.040）、术前房颤（OR=1.526,95%CI 1.031～2.257,P=0.034）、CPB时间≥2 h（OR=2.418,95%CI 1.692～3.456,P＜0.001）是心脏外科PPCs的独立危险因素。
结论 术前房颤、ASA Ⅳ级、CPB时间≥2 h是心脏外科PPCs发生的独立危险因素。     

精准麻醉对心血管手术患者术后谵妄的影响

目的 通过比较精准麻醉和传统麻醉在心血管手术中的应用,探讨精准麻醉对患者术后谵妄的影响。
方法 选择在我院行择期心血管手术患者249例,男167例,女82例,年龄25~84岁,BMI 17~37 kg/m²,ASA Ⅱ—Ⅳ级,心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ—Ⅳ级。将患者随机分为两组：精准麻醉组（P组）和传统麻醉组（T组）,每组125例。P组进行精准的麻醉实施、用药和麻醉管理,T组则采用传统的经验式麻醉管理。记录手术时间、心肺转流（CPB）时间、阻断时间、术中舒芬太尼用量及手术类型。使用ICU意识模糊评估法（CAM-ICU）来评估术后5 d内谵妄发生情况,记录谵妄发生与持续时间。记录术后机械通气时间,ICU住院时间,术后住院时间和总住院费用。
结果 术后5 d内发生谵妄为30例（12.0%）,其中P组为9例（7.2%）,T组为21例（16.9%）。与T组比较,P组术后5 d内谵妄发生率明显降低（P＜0.05）,住院费用明显降低(P＜0.01),术后机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、术后住院时间明显缩短（P＜0.01）。P组术后二次插管、二次ICU、术后气胸的发生率均低于T组,但两组间差异无统计学意义。
结论 精准麻醉可以有效降低心血管手术后5 d内的谵妄发生率,同时能减少患者术后机械通气时间和ICU住院时间。     

肝移植手术后肺部感染的危险因素分析

目的 探讨肝移植手术患者术后肺部感染的危险因素。
方法 回顾性分析2005年6月至2013年6月于三家临床医疗中心首次行原位肝移植手术的1 358例患者的临床资料。根据患者术后30 d内是否发生肺部感染将患者分成两组：感染组和非感染组。收集术前资料、术中资料及术后资料，采用单因素分析及二元Logistic回归分析肝移植术后肺部感染的危险因素。
结果 肝移植手术后有316例（23.3%）发生肺部感染，其中有21例（6.7%）死亡。与非感染组比较，感染组术前诊断为慢性重型肝炎、肝癌、丙型肝炎肝硬化、先天性肝脏疾病及肝衰竭、术前合并肝肾综合征、肝昏迷、糖尿病的比例、术前肌酐浓度明显升高（P<0.05），术前总蛋白、白蛋白浓度明显降低（P<0.05），无肝期时间、术后苏醒时间及术后拔管时间明显延长（P<0.05），术中失血量明显增加（P<0.05），术中尿量明显减少（P<0.05），术中使用去氧肾上腺素、阿托品、利多卡因及呋塞米的比例明显降低（P<0.05），术后死亡率明显升高（P<0.05）。二元Logistic回归分析显示：慢性重型肝炎、丙型肝炎肝硬化、肝衰竭、术前合并糖尿病、术中失血量>1 900 ml、术后苏醒时间>7.3 h是肝移植患者术后肺部感染的危险因素；手术方式（经典非转流原位肝移植）、术中使用利多卡因、术前总蛋白>64.6 g/L、术中尿量>1 800 ml是肝移植手术患者术后肺部感染的保护因素。
结论 术前诊断慢性重型肝炎、丙型肝炎肝硬化、肝衰竭、术前合并糖尿病、术中失血量>1 900 ml、术后苏醒时间>7.3 h是肝移植手术后肺部感染的危险因素。     

2013—2022年我国术后谵妄研究热点及趋势的可视化分析

目的 基于可视化知识图谱分析2013—2022年我国术后谵妄的研究热点与发展趋势。
方法 检索2013—2022年我国在中国知网（CNKI）、万方和维普（VIP）数据库中发表的术后谵妄相关中文文献及在Web of Science核心合集中发表的英文文献，采用CiteSpace软件进行可视化分析。
结果 本研究共纳入中文文献928篇、英文文献502篇。我国术后谵妄相关研究年度发文量整体呈上升趋势，中文文献年均增长率为13.4%，英文文献为41.1%。研究团队间联系较弱，未形成核心作者群；中文与英文文献中心性超过0.1的共同高频关键词为“老年患者”“危险因素”和“髋部骨折”，关键词数量最多的聚类为“白细胞介素-6”。
结论 我国术后谵妄领域研究团队间合作有待加强，近十年的研究热点为有关术后谵妄的危险因素和生物标志物的分析。     

高原患者髋关节置换术后谵妄的危险因素分析

目的 探讨全麻下行髋关节置换术的高原患者发生术后谵妄（POD）的危险因素。
方法 选择择期行全麻髋关节置换术的高原患者1 010例,男373例,女637例,年龄24～76岁,BMI 19.0～34.7 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ—Ⅲ级。根据术后7 d内是否发生谵妄分为两组：POD组和非POD组,采用多因素Logistic回归分析确定行髋关节置换术的高原患者发生POD的相关危险因素。
结果 术后7 d内有120例（11.9%）患者发生POD。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄（每增加10岁,OR=2.106,95%CI 1.616～2.745,P<0.001）、脑梗死病史（OR=9.712,95%CI 3.620～26.055,P<0.001）、术后中重度疼痛（OR=6.826,95%CI 2.991～15.578,P<0.001）以及常居海拔高度3 500～4 500 m（OR=2.844,95%CI 1.448～5.587,P=0.002）和高原红细胞增多症（OR=5.374,95%CI 3.900～7.404,P<0.001）是发生POD的危险因素。
结论 年龄、脑梗死病史、术后中重度疼痛以及常居海拔高度3 500～4 500 m和高原红细胞增多症是高原患者全麻下髋关节置换发生POD的危险因素。     

复发性鼻咽癌患者鼻内镜手术围术期输血的危险因素及预测模型的建立

目的：筛选复发性鼻咽癌患者鼻内镜手术围术期输血的危险因素,建立列线图预测模型。
方法：回顾性分析2021年1月至2023年5月行鼻内镜手术的262例复发性鼻咽癌患者的临床资料,根据围术期是否输血分为两组：未输血组和输血组。通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选围术期输血的危险因素,构建列线图预测模型,绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线并计算曲线下面积（AUC）。
结果：有46例（17.6%）患者在鼻内镜手术围术期输血。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,术前Hb浓度70～<100 g/L（OR=6.178,95%CI 2.271～16.805,P<0.001）、术前白蛋白浓度25～<35 g/L（OR=2.126,95%CI 1.021～4.424,P=0.044）、手术分型Ⅲ或Ⅳ型（OR=4.725,95%CI 1.634～13.584,P=0.004）是复发性鼻咽癌患者鼻内镜手术围术期输血的独立危险因素。列线图模型的AUC为0.769（95%CI 0.701～0.838）,敏感性为67.6%,特异性为76.1%。
结论：复发性鼻咽癌患者鼻内镜手术围术期输血的独立危险因素是术前Hb浓度70～<100 g/L、术前白蛋白浓度25～<35 g/L、手术分型Ⅲ或Ⅳ型,基于以上危险因素建立的列线图模型对围术期输血有良好的预测能力。     

老年患者脊柱手术术后谵妄危险因素分析的回顾性研究

目的:探讨老年患者脊柱手术术后谵妄的发生率及相关危险因素。方法:采用回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年11月收治的老年脊柱手术病例436例,根据术后是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和非谵妄组。记录患者的性别、年龄、身体质量指数,糖尿病史,冠心病史,慢性阻塞性肺疾病史,术前白细胞计数,术前红细胞比容,术前血红蛋白水平,手术方式,手术时间,麻醉时间,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)评分,心功能分级,术中失血量,术中输血量,术中芬太尼、异丙酚和地佐辛的用量,术后白细胞计数,术后红细胞比容,术后血红蛋白水平,术后电解质(钠离子、钾离子),采用单因素Logistic回归分析有统计学意义的危险因素后进行多元Logistic回归分析进一步探讨独立危险因素。结果:纳入436例中112例老年患者术后出现谵妄,发生率25.68%。谵妄组与非谵妄组在年龄、术前白细胞计数、术前红细胞比容、术后红细胞比容、术后血红蛋白水平、术后钠离子浓度、麻醉时间、ASA评分、心功能评分、术中失血量、术后地佐辛使用量、糖尿病史、冠心病史、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05),通过多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、ASA评分、术后地佐辛量、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史是老年患者脊柱手术术后谵妄发生的独立危险因素。结论:患者高龄72岁、ASA评分2分、地佐辛镇痛药物的使用以及患者合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病史是术后谵妄发生的独立危险因素。     

脊柱侧弯矫形手术患者术后肺部并发症的危险因素

目的 分析脊柱侧弯矫形手术患者术后肺部并发症(PPCs)的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2013年8月至2020年10月择期行后入路脊柱侧弯矫形手术的463例患者病历资料。根据患者术后是否发生PPCs分为两组：PPCs组和非PPCs组。采用倾向性评分匹配和多因素Logistic回归分析脊柱侧弯矫形手术患者发生PPCs的相关危险因素。结果 有154例(33.3%)患者发生PPCs。将性别、年龄、ASA分级、吸烟史、高血压病史、Cobb角作为匹配因子进行倾向性评分匹配,再进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示术中输注异体红细胞(OR=1.983, 95%CI 1.135～3.465,P=0.016)和手术时间延长(OR=1.426, 95%CI 1.112～1.831,P=0.005)是发生PPCs的独立危险因素。结论 手术时间延长、术中输注异体红细胞是脊柱侧弯矫形手术术后肺部并发症发生的危险因素。     

Predictors of delirium after cardiac surgery delirium: effect of beating-heart (off-pump) surgery

BACKGROUND: Despite improved outcomes after cardiac operations, postoperative delirium remains a common complication that is associated with increased morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. METHODS: Univariate and multivariate predictors of postoperative delirium were determined from prospectively gathered data on 16,184 patients undergoing cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass (conventional, n = 14,342) and without cardiopulmonary bypass (beating-heart surgery, n = 1847) between April 1996 and August 2001. Delirium was defined as a transient mental syndrome of acute onset characterized by global impairment of cognitive functions, a reduced level of consciousness, attentional abnormalities, increased or decreased psychomotor activity, and a disordered sleep-wake cycle. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of postoperative delirium was 8.4%. Of 49 selected patient-related risk factors and treatment variables, 35 were highly associated with postoperative delirium by univariate analysis. Stepwise logistic regression revealed the following variables as independent predictors of delirium: history of cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular ejection fraction of 30% or less, preoperative cardiogenic shock, urgent operation, intraoperative hemofiltration, operation time of 3 hours or more, and a high perioperative transfusion requirement. Two variables were identified as having a significant protective effect against postoperative delirium: beating-heart surgery and younger patient age. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative delirium is a common complication in cardiac operations. The increased use of beating-heart surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass may lead to a lower prevalence of this complication and thus improve patient outcomes.     

Durchgangssyndrome nach gefäßchirurgischen Operationen Zwischenergebnisse einer prospektiven Untersuchung

Introduction: Postoperative delirium is a common psychic disturbance occurring acutely after various surgical procedures and typically presenting with a fluctuating course. These patients' recovery takes longer. In this study we analyze the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing vascular surgery and try to identify risk factors for its development. Methods: Patients undergoing elective arterial operations were included. Their medical history, the specific vascular diagnosis and operation performed, the medication and laboratory data were monitored. Additionally the patients were preoperatively interviewed by a psychiatrist. Intraoperatively the drugs, infusions, possible transfusions, blood gases and pressures were monitored, as were the times of surgery and anesthesia. Postoperatively patients were seen daily by the psychiatrist and the surgeon for at least 7 days. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria, and mild, moderate and severe delirium were distinguished. Results: Fifty-four patients entered the study. Twenty-one (38.9%) developed postoperative delirium (11 mild, 2 moderate, 8 severe). Patients with aortic operations developed delirium more frequently than those with non-aortic procedures(55.5 vs 22.2%, n=27 each). Some preexisting diseases (hearing disturbance) increased the probability of postoperative delirium, while age was not identified as a risk factor. General psychopathological and depressive disturbances increased the likelihood of postoperative delirium. Patients who had a severe intraoperative course developed postoperative delirium more frequently. This was not seen in the absolute time of surgery or anesthesia nor in the intraoperative development of blood pressure or intraarterial gases, which did not differ between patients with and without postoperative delirium. More reliable parameters were an increased intraoperative need for crystalloid volume, intra – or postoperatively decreased hemoglobin values (Hb <10 g/dl) and the development of acidosis that had to be treated. Patients with delirium had serious complications more often (8/21=38.1% vs 6/33=18.2%) and needed Intensive Care treatment longer (2.7 vs 2.1 days, only aortic surgery 3.2 vs 2.4 days). Conclusions: Postoperative delirium after vascular surgery is frequent. Patients undergoing aortic surgery, with specific concomittant medical disease, psychopathological disturbances and a severe intraoperative course, are at risk of developing postoperative delirium.     

Predicting delirium after vascular surgery: a model based on pre- and intraoperative data

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine pre- and intraoperative risk factors for the development of postoperative delirium among patients undergoing aortic, carotid, and peripheral vascular surgery to predict the risk for postoperative delirium. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although postoperative delirium after vascular surgery is a frequent complication and is associated with the need for more inpatient hospital care and longer length of hospital stay, little is known about risk factors for delirium in patients undergoing vascular surgery. METHODS: Pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were prospectively collected, including the first 7 postoperative days with daily follow-up by a surgeon and a psychiatrist of 153 patients undergoing elective vascular surgery. Delirium (Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV) was diagnosed by the psychiatrist. Multivariate linear logistic regression and a cross validation analysis were performed to find a set of parameters to predict postoperative delirium. RESULTS: Sixty patients (39.2%) developed postoperative delirium. The best set of predictors included the absence of supraaortic occlusive disease and hypercholesterinemia, history of a major amputation, age over 65 years, a body size of less than 170 cm, preoperative psychiatric parameters and intraoperative parameters correlated to increased blood loss. The combination of these parameters allows the estimation of an individual patients' risk for postoperative delirium already at the end of vascular surgery with an overall accuracy of 69.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative delirium after vascular surgery is a frequent complication. A model based on pre- and intraoperative somatic and psychiatric risk factors allows prediction of the patient's risk for developing postoperative delirium.     

Durchgangssyndrome nach gefäßchirurgischen Operationen

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative delirium is a common psychic disturbance occurring acutely after various surgical procedures and typically presenting with a fluctuating course. These patients' recovery takes longer. In this study we analyze the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing vascular surgery and try to identify risk factors for its development. METHODS: Patients undergoing elective arterial operations were included. Their medical history, the specific vascular diagnosis and operation performed, the medication and laboratory data were monitored. Additionally the patients were preoperatively interviewed by a psychiatrist. Intraoperatively the drugs, infusions, possible transfusions, blood gases and pressures were monitored, as were the times of surgery and anesthesia. Postoperatively patients were seen daily by the psychiatrist and the surgeon for at least 7 days. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria, and mild, moderate and severe delirium were distinguished. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients entered the study. Twenty-one (38.9%) developed postoperative delirium (11 mild, 2 moderate, 8 severe). Patients with aortic operations developed delirium more frequently than those with non-aortic procedures(55.5 vs 22.2%, n = 27 each). Some preexisting diseases (hearing disturbance) increased the probability of postoperative delirium, while age was not identified as a risk factor. General psychopathological and depressive disturbances increased the likelihood of postoperative delirium. Patients who had a severe intraoperative course developed postoperative delirium more frequently. This was not seen in the absolute time of surgery or anesthesia nor in the intraoperative development of blood pressure or intraarterial gases, which did not differ between patients with and without postoperative delirium. More reliable parameters were an increased intraoperative need for crystalloid volume, intra- or postoperatively decreased hemoglobin values (Hb < 10 g/dl) and the development of acidosis that had to be treated. Patients with delirium had serious complications more often (8/21 = 38.1% vs 6/33 = 18.2%) and needed Intensive Care treatment longer (2.7 vs 2.1 days, only aortic surgery 3.2 vs 2.4 days). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative delirium after vascular surgery is frequent. Patients undergoing aortic surgery, with specific concomitant medical disease, psychopathological disturbances and a severe intraoperative course, are at risk of developing postoperative delirium.     

Can we identify risk factors for postoperative delirium in cardiac coronary patients? Our experience

Introduction: Delirium is a temporary mental disorder that frequently occurs among elderly hospitalized patients. Patients who undergo cardiac operations have an increased risk of postoperative delirium, which is associated with higher mortality and morbidity rates, a prolonged hospital stay, and reduced cognitive and functional recovery.Patients and Methods: In our prospective study, we included 370 consecutive adult patients who underwent on-pump coronary artery surgery between January 1, 2011, and July 1, 2011. We selected 21 potential risk factors and divided them into preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative groups. Delirium was diagnosed with the Confusion Assessment Method.Results: Postoperative delirium was diagnosed in 74 patients (20%). Four predictive factors were associated with postoperative delirium: diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and prolonged intubation (P < .05).Conclusion: Three of the four predictive factors significantly associated with delirium are preoperative. They are relatively easy to measure and can be used to identify patients at higher risk. Fast extubation of these patients and preventive interventions can be taken to prevent negative consequences of this postoperative complication.     

Association between intraoperative body temperature and postoperative delirium: A retrospective observational study

Study objectiveThe effect of perioperative body temperature derangement on postoperative delirium remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between intraoperative body temperature and postoperative delirium in patients having noncardiac surgery.DesignSingle-center retrospective observational study.SettingTertiary university hospital.PatientAdult patients who had major noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia for at least two hours between 2019 and 2021.InterventionsPatients were classified into three groups according to their intraoperative time-weighted average body temperature: severe hypothermia (<35.0 °C), mild hypothermia (35.0 °C–36.0 °C), and normothermia (≥36.0 °C) groups.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was the risk of delirium occurring within seven days after surgery, which was compared using logistic regression analysis. A multivariable procedure was performed adjusting for potential confounders including demographics, history of hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation or flutter, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and stroke or transient ischemic attack, preoperative use of antidepressants and statins, preoperative sodium imbalance, high-risk surgery, emergency surgery, duration of surgery, and red blood cell transfusion. Cox regression analysis was also performed using the same covariates.Main resultsAmong 27,674 patients analyzed, 5.5% experienced postoperative delirium. The incidence rates of delirium were 6.2% (63/388) in the severe hypothermia group, 6.4% (756/11779) in the mild hypothermia group, and 4.6% (712/15507) in the normothermia group. Compared with the normothermia group, the risk of delirium was significantly higher in the severe hypothermia (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.97) and mild hypothermia (1.15; 1.02–1.28) groups. The mild hypothermia group also had a significantly increased risk of cumulative development of delirium than the normothermia group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.26).ConclusionsIntraoperative hypothermia (even mild hypothermia) was significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative delirium.