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1.
目的 观察婴幼儿尼曼-皮克病肺部病变的高分辨率CT(HRCT)表现。方法 回顾性分析11例经基因检测/骨髓穿刺活检/酶学活性检测确诊尼曼-皮克病患儿的胸部HRCT表现,包括气道病变征象、间质病变征象、肺泡病变征象及其他肺或肺外改变。对双肺主动脉弓层面、气管隆嵴层面及膈面上层面的HRCT异常及累及范围分别进行评分。比较不同种类病变及累及范围的差异。结果 气道病变和间质病变发生率均为100%(11/11),肺泡受累为81.82%(9/11);上述3类病变累及范围差异有统计学意义(H=10.57,P<0.01),而左、右肺野病变累及范围相近(U=27.5,P=0.64)气道病变所致各种异常累及范围差异有统计学意义(H=8.81,P=0.03),以支气管壁增厚和树芽征范围最广。肺间质病变所致小叶间隔增厚、小叶内线及小叶中心阴影累及范围差异无统计学意义(H=5.67,P=0.06)。9例患儿肺部见磨玻璃影,累及范围相近。结论 尼曼-皮克病肺部病变HRCT表现以肺间质和肺泡受累为主,间质病变多见于上肺野和下肺野,气道病变多见于上肺野,而肺泡病变分布较广泛、均匀。  相似文献   

2.
目的 观察18F-FDG PET/CT诊断肺孤立性肉芽肿性炎的价值。方法 观察60例经病理学证实肺孤立性肉芽肿性炎患者的18F-FDG PET/CT早期和延迟显像,分析病灶CT征象并测量18F-FDG代谢参数,分别评价PET、CT及PET/CT诊断肺肉芽肿性炎的准确率。采用Spearman相关性分析评价早期最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)与病灶最大径的相关性。结果 60例中,22例(22/60,36.67%)病灶位于左肺,38例(38/60,63.33%)位于右肺;病灶最大径0.4~8.4 cm;14例(14/60,23.33%)病灶为圆形或类圆形,46例(46/60,76.67%)形态不规则;CT值为22.0~77.0 HU;43例(43/60,71.67%)病灶密度均匀;41例(41/60,68.33%)病灶可见"反3字"征或尖角征,6例(6/60,10.00%)出现刀切征,1例(1/60,1.67%)出现晕征;4例(4/60,6.67%)病灶内部出现空洞;6例(6/60,10.00%)见支气管充气征;26例(26/60,43.33%)病灶位于胸膜下,其中20例(20/26,76.92%)病灶与胸膜呈宽基底相连,包括3例(3/20,15.00%)见胸膜凹陷征。60例病灶的早期中位SUVmax为3.95(1.73,6.78),低于延迟期的4.55(2.52,7.65)(P<0.05);中位RI为12.22%(5.89%,24.70%)。病灶早期SUVmax与其最大径呈正相关(r=0.57,P<0.05)。18F-FDG PET/CT诊断肺肉芽肿性炎的准确率为91.67%(55/60),高于单独PET(61.67%,37/60)或CT(78.33%,47/60)检查(P均<0.05);CT准确率高于PET(P<0.05)。结论 肺孤立性肉芽肿性炎18F-FDG PET/CT表现具有一定特征性;18F-FDG PET/CT诊断准确率高于单一PET及CT。  相似文献   

3.
目的 观察儿童异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)术后肺部急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的CT表现,并与感染性病变鉴别。方法 纳入148例allo-HSCT后出现肺部病变患儿,分为aGVHD组(n=85)和感染组(n=63)。比较组间年龄、术后发病时间及肺部CT征象及分布模式差异。结果 aGVHD组与感染组年龄与发病时间差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。aGVHD组常见CT征象为磨玻璃影(GGO,35/85,41.18%)、实变影(14/85,16.47%)及胸腔积液(12/85,14.12%),多呈双侧、弥漫分布,可见胸膜下空逸;感染组常见征象包括实变影(33/63,52.38%)、GGO(32/63,50.79%)及支气管壁增厚(23/63,36.51%),多呈单侧、局限性分布;2组病变分布模式差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。支气管壁增厚多见于感染组(P<0.05)。结论 儿童肺aGVHD的CT表现具有特征性,结合发病时间等信息可与感染性病变相鉴别。  相似文献   

4.
目的 [JP2]观察新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)CT表现及其动态变化。方法 回顾性分析45例经病毒核酸检测确诊、且具有完整动态胸部HRCT资料的COVID-19患者,复查间隔时间48~72 h。结果 29例于发病3天内接受CT检查,21例(21/29,72.41%)胸部见磨玻璃密度影,8例(8/29,27.59%)见磨玻璃密度影伴局部实变,其中2例(25.00%,2/8)为单发结节;26例(26/29,89.66%)病灶呈不规则形或扇形,3例呈类圆形(3/29,10.34%)。16例于发病3天以上接受CT检查,病灶进展。首次复查CT病变均有变化,其中14例(14/45,31.11%)呈单纯磨玻璃密度影,27例(27/45,60.00%)以磨玻璃样密度影为主且有肺实变,4例(4/45,8.89%)以肺实变为主。38例于发病7~10天接受第2次复查,25例(25/38,65.79%)病变范围缩小,4例病灶范围增大(4/38,10.53%),1例(1/38,2.63%)病灶范围同前;8例(8/38,21.05%)原有病灶密度减低但出现新发病灶。其余7例因病变进展而未能接受复查。结论 胸部HRCT能清晰显示COVID-19疾病过程中的影像学变化,有助于指导临床早诊断、早隔离、早治疗,并可作为评价COVID-19临床综合治疗效果的依据。  相似文献   

5.
目的 观察Patlak联合不可逆两组织隔室模型(2TC-3k)动态18F-FDG PET/CT诊断肺原发肿瘤胸部高代谢转移性淋巴结的价值。方法 前瞻性纳入16例CT显示胸部存在可疑淋巴结转移且拟接受PET/CT检查的肺原发肿瘤患者,行胸部动态和全身静态18F-FDG PET/CT扫描;计算全身静态PET/CT图像中原发肿瘤及胸部高代谢淋巴结的最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)及平均标准摄取值(SUVmean),纳入淋巴结SUVmax>2.5者。采用Patlak图形分析和2TC-3k分析原发肿瘤和高代谢淋巴结动态数据,获取动力学参数的一阶特征参数,建立logistic模型;以病理学为金标准,分析模型诊断胸部高代谢淋巴结转移的效能。结果 共纳入11例患者、32枚胸部高代谢淋巴结,病理学示15枚为转移性、17枚非转移性。Ki_Kurtosis诊断胸部转移性高代谢淋巴结的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.81,以71 590.45为Ki_Kurtosis的截断值,其敏感度为70.60%,特异度为86.70%;V_B_Entropy的AUC为0.79,以6.16×10-4为V_B_Entropy的截断值,其敏感度为80.00%,特异度为82.40%。肺原发肿瘤与胸部高代谢转移性淋巴结V_B_Kurtosis (r=0.67,P<0.05)和Ki_UPP (r=0.69,P<0.05)呈正相关。Patlak动态PET/CT模型诊断胸部转移性高代谢淋巴结的AUC为0.85[95%CI(0.71,0.99)],敏感度为76.50%,特异度为93.30%;2TC-3k动态PET/CT模型的AUC为0.87[95%CI(0.74,0.99)],敏感度为82.40%,特异度为80.00%;二者联合模型的AUC为0.91[95%CI(0.80,1.00)],敏感度为94.10%,特异度为80.00%;3个模型AUC两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 Patlak结合2TC-3k动态18F-FDG PET/CT对诊断肺原发肿瘤胸部高代谢转移性淋巴结具有一定价值。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨基于CT平扫图像纹理分析鉴别诊断浸润性肺腺癌与非钙化结核球的可行性。方法 回顾性分析52例经病理证实的单发肺结节患者的平扫CT资料,其中31例浸润性肺腺癌,21例非钙化结核球。采用MaZda软件于2种病灶各提取300个纹理特征,之后以费希尔参数法(Fisher)、最小分类误差与最小平均相关系数法(POE+ACC)、相关信息测度法(MI)分别筛选出10个最佳纹理特征,并将其合并得到3种方法联合的最佳纹理特征组合(MPF)。采用线性判别分析(LDA)和非线性判别分析(NDA)对4组最佳纹理特征进行分类,LDA及NDA分别以K-近邻分类器(K-NN)及人工神经网络(ANN)进行分类。分析4组纹理特征鉴别2种病变的最小错误率,比较2组病变间30个最佳纹理特征的差异,并绘制其鉴别2种病变的ROC曲线,计算AUC,评价其诊断效能。结果 对于单组最佳纹理特征,NDA/ANN-Fisher法的错误率最低,为7.69%(4/52);对于MPF,NDA/ANN-MPF法的错误率最低,为5.77%(3/52);而NDA/ANN-Fisher法的错误率与NDA/ANN-MPF法差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.15,P>0.05)。2种病变间存在10个纹理特征差异有统计学意义,其中差异熵S(1,1)、差方差S(1,1)及梯度方差的诊断效能较好(AUC=0.71、0.71、0.70),3者间AUC差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 基于CT平扫图像纹理分析可较好地区分浸润性肺腺癌和非钙化肺结核球,为鉴别诊断提供可靠的客观依据。  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨胸部多排螺旋CT(MDSCT)在早期诊断新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)及病情随访中的应用价值。方法 对40例COVID-19确诊患者(普通型)的初次胸部MDSCT图像及其中15例随访患者的20次复查MDSCT图像进行回顾性分析。结果 初次MDSCT图像COVID-19病变分布以双侧(36/40,90.00%)、胸膜下外带(38/40,95.00%)显著,累及5个肺叶者占70.00%(28/40),90.00%(36/40)病变形态为斑片状、片状及不规则形。40例患者中早期16例,进展期24例,未见消散期病例。早期MDSCT表现为两肺多发磨玻璃密度病灶(GGO),18.75%(3/16)伴淡薄实变,31.25%(5/16)伴明显实变;进展期患者均见不同程度实变。随访15例,4例病变吸收,密度变淡,面积缩小,由进展期转为消散期;11例较前进展。结论 MDSCT可评估COVID-19患者肺内病情变化,对于早期诊断COVID-19及随访具有一定价值。  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨胞内分枝杆菌肺病的CT特征,并与堪萨斯分枝杆菌、脓肿/龟分枝杆菌肺病比较。方法 回顾性分析经临床及实验室检查证实的35例胞内分枝杆菌肺病、18例堪萨斯分枝杆菌肺病和22例脓肿/龟分枝杆菌肺病的胸部CT表现,比较其CT特征。结果 胞内分枝杆菌肺病病灶多分布于双肺(33/35,94.29%)、累及多个肺叶(18/35,51.43%)或全部肺叶(16/35,45.71%),主要表现为索条影(34/35,97.14%)、实变(33/35,94.29%)、小叶中心结节和树芽征(32/35,91.43%)、胸膜增厚(32/35,91.43%)、磨玻璃密度影(31/35,88.57%)、牵拉性支气管扩张(30/35,85.71%)、非牵拉性支气管扩张(25/35,71.43%)、结节(24/35,68.57%)、肺内钙化(24/35,68.57%)和空洞(23/35,65.71%)。胞内分枝杆菌肺病磨玻璃密度影多于堪萨斯分枝杆菌(P=0.001)、脓肿/龟分枝杆菌肺病(P<0.001)。胞内分枝杆菌肺病空洞壁厚于堪萨斯分枝杆菌(P=0.019)、脓肿/龟分枝杆菌肺病(P=0.024)。胞内分枝杆菌肺病肺内钙化多于堪萨斯分枝杆菌(P=0.014)、脓肿/龟分枝杆菌肺病(P=0.007)。结论 相比堪萨斯、脓肿/龟分枝杆菌肺病,胞内分枝杆菌肺病CT表现具有一定特征性,有助于鉴别诊断。  相似文献   

9.
目的 观察自由呼吸StarVIBE序列用于采集胸部T1WI的价值。方法 前瞻性收集37例CT提示胸部病变患者,根据能否配合屏气20 s分为无法屏气组(17例)及配合屏气组(20例),行StarVIBE序列及常规VIBE序列MR平扫及增强延迟期成像。以"5分法"评价两序列图像中病变清晰度、伪影、肺血管清晰度、纵隔结构清晰度及总体图像质量,并进行组间比较。结果 无法屏气组StarVIBE序列平扫及增强图像各项评分均高于常规VIBE序列(P均<0.05)。配合屏气组中,病变清晰度、肺血管清晰度评分在平扫StarVIBE序列图像中均低于常规VIBE序列(P均<0.05),但增强图像差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);图像伪影及总体图像质量评分差异亦无统计学意义(P均>0.05),而纵隔清晰度评分在StarVIBE序列平扫及增强图像中均高于常规VIBE序列(P均<0.05)。结论 采集胸部T1WI时,对于能配合屏气者,自由呼吸StarVIBE序列可获得与常规VIBE序列相近的图像质量;而对于无法屏气者,自由呼吸StarVIBE序列可提供较好质量的图像。  相似文献   

10.
目的 观察新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)早期胸部高分辨率CT(HRCT)表现。方法 分析31例确诊COVID-19患者早期胸部HRCT表现。结果 31例发病1周内胸部HRCT呈不同程度肺炎改变。23例见多发病灶(≥3个病灶);24例病变累及2个以上肺叶,7例病灶累及单肺叶;22例表现为肺部磨玻璃密度病灶(GGO),9例GGO伴混合性实变灶,病灶边界均模糊;25例病变分布于肺外周带,6例病灶分布于肺外周伴局部中央分布;26例病灶呈不规则斑片状,5例呈不规则斑片状伴局部球形表现;26例伴细支气管充气征,29例病变内血管增粗,24例见小叶内间隔增厚,6例伴小叶间隔增厚;2例伴小叶中心结节,1例伴少量胸腔积液。结论 COVID-19早期胸部HRCT表现具有一定特征性,结合临床病史有利于早期诊断COVID-19。  相似文献   

11.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

12.
目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高<20%视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P<0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P<0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P<0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.  相似文献   

13.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

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15.
Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.  相似文献   

18.
目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4%(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7%(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3%(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1% (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9% (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8%(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大<6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8~10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1%(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9%(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2%(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 %(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.  相似文献   

20.
ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.  相似文献   

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