心房起搏对老年睡眠呼吸暂停综合征作用的影响

目的:探讨老年睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(sleep apnea syndrome,SAS)患者睡眠时用心房起搏方式增加心率的治疗作用。方法:因症状性心动过缓行心房心室同步起搏的中枢型或阻塞型老年SAS患者16例,每例患者连续3晚经多导睡眠图检查等监测,第1晚所有患者进行基础评估后随机分组,第2晚一组自身心律模式、另一组心房超速起搏模式(夜间基础平均窦性心率基础上增加15次/min)下评估,第3晚两组监测模式互换,分析比较两种不同模式总的睡眠呼吸暂停和低通气事件。结果:基础评估24h自身平均窦性心率为(55±9)次/min,较心房超速起搏模式频率[(72±4)次/min]差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);自身节律模式时总的睡眠时间为(322±48)min,与心房超速起搏模式[(330±52)min]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);低通气指数从自身节律模式时的9±3减少到心房超速起搏模式时的3±3(P<0.01);呼吸暂停/低通气指数从自身节律模式时的28±21减少到心房超速起搏模式时的10±13(P<0.01)。结论:心房超速起搏可明显降低中枢性与阻塞性老年SAS患者睡眠呼吸暂停事件的发生,而不减少总的睡眠时间。     

胺碘酮联合电复律转复持续性心房颤动的临床观察

目的：探讨胺碘酮联合电复律转复持续性心房颤动的效果。方法：65例持续性房颤患者电复律前服用负荷量胺碘酮．房颤转复服用小剂量胺碘酮0．2g，每天1次维持。结果：62例患者均转为窦性心律。3例患者转复后窦性心律不能维持．早期有效率为95．4％。结论：胺碘酮联合电复律是治疗持续心房颤动的有效方法。     

血清C反应蛋白水平与心房颤动电复律后早期复发的关系

目的探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)水平对心房颤动患者电复律后复发的预测作用。方法选取持续性房颤电复律患者42例,按其30天内复发情况分为复发组和窦律组,复律前抽取静脉血检测其CRP水平。结果复发组CRP水平较窦性组明显升高(P<0 05)。结论房颤患者复律前CRP水平可作为复律后复发的预测指标。     

Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias with Synchronized Electrical Counter-shock

Synchronized electrical countershock is an intriguing new method for the treatment of ectopic tachycardias. The authors applied this treatment to 20 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and, in 17 patients, sinus rhythm was restored immediately. An additional four patients with atrial flutter were successfully converted to sinus rhythm. One patient developed a hemiplegia two weeks after cardioversion. No other untoward side effects were observed. In two patients with ventricular fibrillation electrical countershock terminated the arrhythmia. After successful cardioversion of atrial fibrillation, a maintenance dose of quinidine is given to help maintain sinus rhythm. In spite of this precaution, one-half of the patients reverted to atrial fibrillation within a month. The quinidine was administered for two to three days in advance of cardioversion; on this regimen, 10 of 34 patients reverted to sinus rhythm on quinidine alone and did not require countershock. The exact place of this treatment of cardiac arrhythmias has not yet been clearly defined.     

球囊二尖瓣扩张术后心房纤颤复律的临床研究

目的探讨二尖瓣狭窄合并心房纤颤患者在球囊二尖瓣扩张后,转复心房纤颤的临床效果及影响心房纤颤转复后窦性心律维持的相关因素.方法 206例二尖瓣狭窄合并心房纤颤患者在球囊扩张术后,采用口服胺碘酮及电复律治疗心房纤颤,对复律成功的患者给予小剂量胺碘酮维持窦性心律并随访1年.结果服用胺碘酮者58例,17例转复成功(29.3%);189例行电转复,178例转复成功(94.2%),电转复成功率明显高于胺碘酮转复(P＜0.01).心房纤颤复发组与保持窦性心律组相比,左心房内径明显扩大(P＜0.01),心房纤颤持续时间明显长(P＜0.01),中度二尖瓣关闭不全人数的比率明显高(P＜0.05).随访1年,有45例患者心房纤颤复发.影响心房纤颤转复后维持窦性心律的相关因素有左心房内径扩大、心房纤颤持续时间长及明显的二尖瓣关闭不全.结论对左心房内径明显扩大、心房纤颤持续时间过长及有明显的二尖瓣关闭不全的患者,在选择心房纤颤转复时应慎重.     

替米沙坦联用胺碘酮在心房颤动复律后维持窦性心律的疗效观察

目的：观察替米沙坦联用胺碘酮在心房颤动（AF）复律后维持窦性心律的作用及对左房内径的影响。方法：87例心房颤动（房颤）患者,复律后随机分为两组,对照组给予胺碘酮治疗,试验组给予胺碘酮＋替米沙坦治疗。观察两组治疗后房颤复发情况和左心房内径变化。结果：随访1年后试验组窦性心律的维持率为82.9%（34/41）明显高于对照组的72.5%（29/40）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;试验组治疗后较治疗前左房内径显著缩小（P〈0.05）,对照组治疗前后差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：替米沙坦联用胺碘酮在房颤复律后维持窦性心律较单用胺碘酮更有效,并可逆转左房扩大。     

Automatic Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Events Using Respiratory Signals

Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep disorder which may lead to various results. While some studies used real-time systems, there are also numerous studies which focus on diagnosing Obstructive Sleep Apnea via signals obtained by polysomnography from apnea patients who spend the night in sleep laboratory. The mean, frequency and power of signals obtained from patients are frequently used. Obstructive Sleep Apnea of 74 patients were scored in this study. A visual-scoring based algorithm and a morphological filter via Artificial Neural Networks were used in order to diagnose Obstructive Sleep Apnea. After total accuracy of scoring was calculated via both methods, it was compared with visual scoring performed by the doctor. The algorithm used in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea reached an average accuracy of 88.33 %, while Artificial Neural Networks and morphological filter method reached a success of 87.28 %. Scoring success was analyzed after it was grouped based on apnea/hypopnea. It is considered that both methods enable doctors to reduce time and costs in the diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea as well as ease of use.     

房颤转复前持续时间对胺碘酮预防房颤复发的影响

目的:探讨房颤转复前持续时间对胺碘酮预防房颤复发疗效的影响。方法:选择房颤病例共84例(男50例,女34例),根据转复前房颤持续时间分为2组。A组:持续时间小于48h;B组:持续时间大于48h。选用静脉点滴或口服胺碘酮来转复房颤,预防复发的方法为先用负荷剂量400mg/d,共14d,然后为维持剂量50～200mg/d,可根据患者的疗效以及副作用在此范围内调整剂量。分别于房颤转复后1月、3月、6月以及12月观察两组的房颤复发率以及胺碘酮的安全性。结果:A组患者服用胺碘酮后1月、3月、6月以及12月房颤复发率分别为0%、11%、23%、32%;B组患者分别为1%、15%、20%、41%,统计学分析显示两组间无显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:转复前房颤持续时间对胺碘酮预防房颤复发无明显影响。     

伊布利特转复心房颤动的疗效观察与护理

目的观察心房颤动（房颤）患者使用伊布利特转复窦性心律（复律）过程中心率、节律变化及并发症,保证用药安全并针对性进行护理。方法42例房颤患者静脉注射伊布利特复律,使用前掌握好适应症,复律过程中、复律后加强观察,有效预防并发症。结果42例房颤患者转复33例,9例未转复,出现室性心动过速2例,低血压1例,头痛呕吐2例。结论房颤患者使用伊布利特复律过程中加强观察和护理,可减少不良反应,提高治疗效果。     

A review of direct current cardioversions for atrial arrhythmia.

The risk of arterial embolism is well recognised following Direct Current Cardioversion (DCC) for atrial fibrillation although the use of prophylactic anticoagulation remains controversial. AIM: To determine the risk of arterial embolism post-cardioversion and which factors predict successful cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out of all cardioversions performed for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter at the Waveney Hospital Ballymena, during 1989-1993. A review of medical records and electrocardiograms was carried out to assess demographic characteristics, co-existent diseases, anticoagulant status, echocardiographic features and characteristics of the arrhythmia. Embolic events in the six weeks post-cardioversion were noted. RESULTS: The study included 157 cardioversions in 109 patients. The predominant arrhythmia was atrial fibrillation (n = 108, 69%). Three of 109 patients (2.7%) experienced embolic complications, none of whom had anticoagulation prior to the procedure. No risk factors for cerebro-vascular disease or significant valvular heart disease were present. Return to sinus rhythm was achieved in 143 (91%) procedures. Increasing coarseness of atrial fibrillation was associated with a non-significant trend towards successful restoration of sinus rhythm (p = 0.18). Recurrence of the original arrhythmia was predicted by an increase in coarseness of atrial fibrillation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that embolic complications can occur in patients undergoing DCC with normal echocardiographic dimensions, and that prophylactic anticoagulation should be considered in all patients. Coarseness of atrial fibrillation may be used as a guide to predict the chance of successful cardioversion and of the likelihood of maintaining sinus rhythm once this has been achieved.     

房颤转复患者血浆脑钠肽水平的变化

[目的]探讨房颤转复患者血浆脑钠肽水平BNP的变化。[方法]选择心功能正常的150例房颤患者,根据复律情况将患者分为3组:分别为复律成功患者组,房颤复发组(复律1个月内再发),转律失败组。另选50例正常窦性心率者作为对照组。在转复前及窦性节律恢复后24 h采集周围静脉血,采用放射免疫分析测定血浆BNP。[结果]150例患者中,阵发性房颤患者110例,BNP水平由转复前的(136±11.3)pg/mL降至(68±13.0)pg/mL(P<0.05);持续性房颤患者40例,BNP水平由转复前的(192±23.3)pg/mL降至(106±14.4)pg/mL(P<0.05)。转律成功未复发者86例,BNP水平由转复前的(138±15.5)pg/mL降至(73±12.2)pg/mL(P<0.05);转律后复发者(1个月内复发)42例,BNP水平由转复前的(218±13.6)pg/mL降至(172±23.3)pg/mL(P>0.05);转律失败者22例,BNP水平(265±12.8)pg/mL。[结论]在房颤复律患者中,BNP可预测房颤复律的成功性。     

缬沙坦预防阵发性房颤复发的临床研究

目的:评价缬沙坦在预防阵发性房颤复发中的疗效。方法:阵发性、症状性房颤患者91例,恢复窦性心律后,随机分为对照组45例,单纯口服胺碘酮;治疗组46例,在此基础上加服缬沙坦每天80mg,随访观察1年。结果:治疗组窦性心律维持率明显高于对照组(81.8%VS62.8%,P<0.05),左房内经明显小于对照组[(35.10±10.21)mmVS(41.82±11.60)mm],差异均有显著意义。结论:缬沙坦联合胺碘酮对阵发性房颤复律后预防房颤复发维持窦性心律作用明显优于单用胺碘酮治疗,这与缬沙坦抑制肾素血管紧张素系统,降低心脏负荷,抑制心房电重构及结构重构有关,且无明显不良反应。     

胺碘酮合用氯沙坦治疗房颤的临床观察

36例心房颤动患者以胺碘酮加氯沙坦治疗(观察组),60例单用胺碘酮治疗(对照组),两组治疗3周后仍房颤者均进行电复律,复律后继续各组的药物维持,随访1年.两组药物复律及电复律的成功率均无差异;结果表明,两组药物治疗复律后1～12个月的窦性心律维持率亦无明显差异;而电击复律后12个月时窦性心律维持率,观察组为76.00％,对照组为47.62％(P＜0.05).提示,胺碘酮合用氯沙坦对房颤电复律后窦性心律维持的远期作用优于单用胺碘酮.     

预激综合征并发心房颤动心电图分析探讨

目的 探讨心电图在预激综合征并发心房颤动时的特征及诊治.方法 选择我院预激综合征并发心房颤动的患者20例,对其心电图特点及表现进行回顾性分析.结果 本组20例患者,合并器质性心脏病患者7例,均给予针对性的综合治疗,其窦性心律分别在应用乙胺碘呋酮、普罗帕酮及电复治疗后转复.对13例无器质性病变的患者,分别应用乙胺碘呋酮或...     

血浆BNP水平在心房颤动复律前后的变化

目的 探讨BNP与心房颤动（AF）的关系。方法采用酶联免疫法（ELISA）检测30例房颤复律患者（A组）房颤发作时和房颤终止后5d及18例持续性房颤患者（B组）的血浆BNP水平。并与健康对照组（C组）进行比较。结果心房颤动组患者血浆BNP水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；转复为窦性心律后其BNP水平明显下降（P〈0．01）。结论心房颤动影响血浆BNP水平的分泌，在转复为窦律后血浆BNP水平下降。     

Low-dose amiodarone for maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter.

OBJECTIVE--To study efficacy and safety of low-dose amiodarone for maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter. DESIGN--Nonrandomized trial; mean duration of follow-up, 20.7 months. SETTING--Referral center; institutional practice; both hospitalized and ambulatory care. PATIENTS--Eighty-nine consecutive patients having chronic atrial fibrillation or flutter and eligible for cardioversion. Patients had failed previous treatment aimed at maintaining sinus rhythm. During follow-up one patient was withdrawn because of side effects; all patients were available for follow-up. INTERVENTION--Before cardioversion, patients received 600 mg of amiodarone daily during a 4-week loading period. After conversion, the daily maintenance dose was 204 +/- 66 mg (mean +/- SD). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Arrhythmia recurrence and adverse effects causing drug discontinuation. RESULTS--During loading, 15 patients (16%) converted, and after electrical cardioconversion, 90% of all patients had sinus rhythm. Actuarially, 53% of these patients were still in sinus rhythm after 3 years. In patients with compromised left ventricular function, 93% maintained sinus rhythm after 6 months. One patient died due to congestive heart failure. Intolerable side effects occurred in one patient. No proarrhythmia was observed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that amiodarone was ineffective in patients with mitral stenosis or chronic arrhythmia. CONCLUSIONS--Low-dose amiodarone is effective for maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with difficult to treat chronic atrial fibrillation or flutter and is associated with a low incidence of serious side effects.     

心房颤动150例临床分析

目的:了解心房颤动(房颤)患者的病因分布特点及治疗方法。方法:回顾分析150例住院的房颤患者的病因、房颤类型、动脉栓塞并发症、治疗及预后。结果:房颤病因以冠心病位居首位,高血压次之。31例阵发性房颤用胺碘酮转复窦性心律及维持窦性心律安全有效。44例持续性房颤和75例永久性房颤心室率控制较满意。结论:冠心病、高血压是房颤的主要病因,关注房颤的病因,对预防和治疗具有指导意义。     

培哚普利对心房颤动复律并维持窦性心律的临床疗效

目的:评价胺碘酮联合应用培哚普利对心房颤动复律后维持窦性心律的临床疗效。方法:新发心房颤动患者成功转复窦性心律后共97例,随机分为2组:胺碘酮组(Ⅰ组)47例和胺碘酮联用培哚普利组(Ⅱ组)50例,随访18个月,观察两组患者治疗后维持窦性心律情况及左心房内径。结果:两组患者治疗后,前6个月两组间窦性心律维持率无显著差异(P>0.05),而治疗9个月后,Ⅱ组患者窦性心律维持率明显高于Ⅰ组患者,两组间有显著统计学差异(P<0.05)。左心房内径在治疗6个月时,两组间无显著差异(P>0.05),治疗12个月后,左心房内径两组间有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:胺碘酮联合应用培哚普利对心房颤动复律后窦性心律的维持有良好的临床疗效,并能延缓左心房的扩大。