髌内外侧稳定结构与髌股关节稳定性实验研究

目的 :了解髌内外侧稳定结构对髌骨的稳定作用,探讨临床中松解髌外侧支持带的治疗作用及效果,为临床治疗髌骨不稳提供生物力学依据。方法:6例新鲜膝关节标本,对股四头肌进行加载(模拟肌力正常的情况),在不同屈曲度,对髌骨施加外侧方移位载荷,使髌骨外侧半脱位,读取记录载荷大小。干预1:松解髌内侧支持带(模拟病理状态),重复上述操作,读取记录载荷大小;干预2:在干预1的基础上进一步松解外侧支持带(模拟手术治疗),重复上述操作,读取记录载荷大小。结果:松解髌内侧支持带后,使髌骨半脱位的载荷比支持带完整时减小,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。进一步松解外侧支持带,半脱位载荷进一步减小,但与干预1差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:髌内侧支持带在维持髌骨稳定及髌股关节正常运动轨迹中有重要作用,在临床治疗复发性髌骨脱位或半脱位时,应该重视髌内侧支持带的修复重建,单纯松解外侧支持带的方法并非最佳选择。     

复发性髌骨脱位胫骨结节截骨移位内侧髌股韧带重建

[目的]探讨胫骨结节截骨移位术联合双隧道等长重建内侧髌股韧带（medial patellofemoral ligament, MPFL）治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2017年5月—2022年5月本院收治的20例复发性髌骨脱位的患者资料,均行双隧道等长重建MPFL联合胫骨结节截骨移位。评估临床及影像结果。[结果]患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间（65.3±6.7）min,随访时间平均（12.2±0.7）个月,与术前相比,术后12个月患者Lysholm评分[(53.7±9.9),(86.5±6.0), P<0.001]、Kujala评分[(55.5±6.3),(83.7±7.9), P<0.001]、IKDC评分[(54.6±8.7),(86.7±6.9), P<0.001]均显著增加。至末次随访时,所有患者均无再脱位发生。影像方面,与术前相比,术后12个月,患者髌骨适合角（patellofemoral congruence angle, PCA）[(28.2±4.4)°,(13.3±2.6)°, P<0.001]、髌骨倾斜角（patella tit...     

内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的介绍采用内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位的手术技术和效果。方法 2005年6月-2007年9月,采用MPFL重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位29例。男6例,女23例;年龄13～45岁,平均20.3岁。髌骨脱位2～10次。末次髌骨脱位至手术时间为1～144个月,平均43.9个月。术前CT检查测量胫骨结节-股骨滑车间距(tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance,TT-TG);并行Kujala、Lysholm和Tegner评分,分别为(72.03±17.38)、(72.65±14.70)、(5.25±1.83)分。手术采用同种异体肌腱作为移植物,在股骨侧使用骨隧道技术,可吸收挤压螺钉固定;在髌骨内侧缘制作双L形隧道,调节移植物张力后,缝合固定移植物的游离端。同时行关节镜检查、游离体取出和髌外侧支持带松解。对于TT-TG>20 mm的16例患者,同时行胫骨结节内移截骨。结果 27例获随访,随访时间40～67个月,平均45.5个月。患者术后均无髌骨再脱位,也无髌骨错动或半脱位。0°位和屈膝30°位髌骨外推试验和外推恐惧试验均为阴性。术后1年患者膝关节屈伸活动度均恢复正常,能够完全下蹲。末次随访时Kujala评分、Lysholm评分分别为(94.10±7.59)、(95.44±6.25)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Tegner评分为(4.33±1.00)分,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.302,P=0.213)。术前TT-TG>20 mm的患者末次随访时TT-TG为(16.88±5.92)mm,与术前(23.38±3.70)mm比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.822,P=0.026)。结论 MPFL重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位能够明显改善髌骨稳定性,且术后膝关节功能评分和运动等级评分均较术前明显改善。     

人工全膝关节置换术中髌股关节轨迹运行不良的纠正

目的 总结人工全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)中,纠正髌股关节轨迹运行不良的方法. 方法 2000年1月-2007年5月,对48例49膝TKA中出现髌股关节轨迹运行不良患者采用平衡髌骨内外侧支持带张力、适当调整胫骨假体位置或重建髌韧带止点的方法进行纠正.患者均为女性:年龄53～76岁,平均66.8岁.病程6～23年,平均16.2年.其中骨性关节炎37例38膝,类风湿性关节炎11例11膝.患膝均有不同程度膝外翻和胫骨外旋畸形.膝外翻角为23～42 °,平均33 °;Q角为16～23 °,平均190 °23例有8～35 °屈曲畸形,平均220 °.术前膝关节KSS评分21～51分,平均32分;KSS功能评分29～45分,平均33分. 结果 术中髌股关节运行轨迹恢复正常,髌骨未再出现向外脱位倾向.术后切口均I期愈合,无相关并发症发生.所有患者术后均获随访,随访时间7～82个月,中位随访时间52个月.膝关节外翻畸形均获得矫正,3例残留5 °左右的屈曲畸形,重建的髌韧带未出现撕裂或断裂现象.术后膝关节KSS评分为76～89分,平均82分;KSS功能评分为81～90分,平均85分.术后至随访期末X线片均显示人工关节位置正常. 结论 TKA中出现髌股关节轨迹运行不良时,平衡髌骨内外侧支持带张力、适当调整胫骨假体位置或重建髌韧带止点是纠正这一现象的有效方法,对膝关节的功能康复无不利影响.     

单束等长重建和双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带的临床研究

目的 对比观察单束等长重建和双束解削重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨脱位的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析自2004年8月至2008年10月行内侧髌股韧带重建治疗的60例(72膝)陈旧性髌骨脱位患者的临床资料,其中单束等长重建组22例(27膝),双束解剖重建组38例(45膝).术后手法检查髌骨稳定性,记录再脱位的病例数,CT测量髌骨外移度及髌骨倾斜角并以Kujala和主观问卷评分进行膝关节功能评估.结果 所有患者均随访12个月以上,无再脱位病例.(1)髌骨不稳发生率,术后单束重建组18.5%,双束重建组2.2%,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)术后两组髌骨倾斜角和髌骨外移率均恢复至正常范围,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)Kujala评分,单束组术前59±9,术后87±4;双束组术前62±9,术后94±6,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(4)术后主观问卷:单束重建优良率85.2%,双束重建组97.8%,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 单、双束重建内侧髌股韧带均明显恢复髌骨稳定性,提高膝关节功能,但临床评价双束重建优于单束重建.     

股四头肌对髌股关节影响的临床和实验观察

目的 从临床和实验二个方面研究股四头肌对髌股关节运动的影响。方法 对一组２６例５２膝患者进行性ＣＴ检查,了解股四头肌收缩状态对髌股关节排列的影响;对一组标本生物力学实验,用压敏片技术直观地测得股四头肌肌力变化对髌股关节接触压力的影响。结果静力性ＣＴ检查发现在１２膝髌半脱位和１４膝髌骨半脱位和１４膝髌骨外倾,其余病例动力性ＣＴ检查发现在２１膝在股四头肌收缩状态下髌骨半脱位,９例髌骨外倾。力学实验中     

髌骨双骨道双束重建与单束等张重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效对比

[目的]对比观察髌骨双骨道双束重建和单束等张重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果。[方法]回顾性研究2010年1月~2013年10月在本院治疗的复发性髌骨脱位患者共78例(78膝),男28例(28膝),女50例(50膝),年龄16~26岁。单束重建组40例(40膝),双束重建组38例(38膝)。术后随访记录髌骨再脱位的病例数。复查术后屈膝20°CT测量髌骨外移率、髌股适合角、髌骨倾斜角,进行膝关节Kujala功能评分。应用SPSS 19.0统计学软件包分析随访数据。[结果]所有患者随访10~14个月,平均12个月,均未出现切口不愈合、深静脉血栓、髌骨再次脱位、髌骨骨折情况,分别对比单束重建组和双束重建组手术前后指标,术后髌骨外移率、髌股适合角、髌骨倾斜角、膝关节Kujala功能评分均较术前改善(P0.05),对比单束重建组和双束重建组两组术后髌骨外移率、髌股适合角、髌骨倾斜角、膝关节Kujala功能评分,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]髌骨双骨道双束重建和单束等张重建内侧髌股韧带均可以有效恢复髌骨稳定性,改善膝关节功能,短期临床疗效对比两种重建方法无显著差别。     

关节镜下双束重建内侧髌股韧带联合半髌韧带内移治疗骨骺未闭合青少年复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜下自体半腓骨长肌腱双束重建内侧髌股韧带联合半髌韧带内移手术治疗骨骺未闭合青少年复发性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-07—2018-09诊治的20例骨骺未闭合且胫骨结节-股骨滑车沟间距>20 mm的青少年复发性髌骨脱位,在关节镜下采用自体半腓骨长肌腱经大收肌肌腱止点悬吊双束重建内侧髌股韧带联合半髌韧带内移手术治疗。结果 20例均获得随访,随访时间平均21.2(12~36)个月。所有患者术后复查均未再发生髌骨脱位或半脱位,膝关节功能恢复满意。末次随访时髌股适合角为(-1.79±3.26)°,髌骨倾斜角为(11.11±1.08)°,较术前明显减小;末次随访时膝关节功能Lysholm评分为(94.60±2.58)分,髌股关节功能Kujala评分为(91.05±2.33)分,较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于骨骺未闭合且胫骨结节-股骨滑车沟间距>20 mm的青少年复发性髌骨脱位患者,关节镜下采用自体半腓骨长肌腱双束重建内侧髌股韧带联合半髌韧带内移手术治疗可获得稳定的髌骨滑动轨迹,髌骨脱位矫正良好。     

Outcomes of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction and tibial tubercle osteotomy in syndromic adolescents with patellar dislocation

BackgroundTreatment of congenital and habitual dislocation of the patella in syndromic adolescents can be difficult due to accompanying soft-tissue and/or osseous abnormalities often present in the knee. The aim of this study was to report the results of surgical treatment of congenital and habitual patellar dislocation with medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction and tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) in adolescents with an underlying syndrome.MethodsSyndromic adolescent patients with congenital or habitual patellar dislocation treated with MPFL reconstruction and TTO between 2005 and 2019 with a minimum of one year of follow-up were identified. Demographic, clinical, radiographic, and surgical data were recorded, and any complications were noted. Kujala and Lysholm scores were used to quantitate knee function.ResultsSeventeen knees in 11 patients met the criteria for inclusion. The mean age at operation was 14.8 years (range, 13.3–18.3 years). Patients were identified as having Ehlers-Danlos (four), Down (two), trichorhinophalangeal (one), McCune-Albright (one), Klippel-Feil (one), and generalized joint hypermobility (two) syndromes. The mean follow-up was 2.2 years for each individual knee (range, 1–5.9 years). The mean Kujala score increased from 56 ± 10 preoperatively to 86 ± 6 at the most recent postoperative visit (p < 0.001). The mean Lysholm score increased from 53 ± 10 preoperatively to 85 ± 7 at the most recent postoperative visit (p < 0.001). Knee flexion increased significantly from 117° ± 15° preoperatively to 154° ± 13° postoperatively (p < 0.001). However, knee extension was no different pre- and postoperatively (4° ± 8° vs. 1° ± 4°, respectively, p = 0.2).ConclusionsCongenital and habitual patellar dislocation in adolescent-aged patients with an underlying syndromic diagnosis can be successfully treated with MPFL reconstruction combined with TTO.     

Sectioning the medial patellofemoral ligament alters patellofemoral joint kinematics and contact mechanics

Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) disruption may alter patellofemoral joint (PFJ) kinematics and contact mechanics, potentially causing pain and joint degeneration. In this controlled laboratory study, we investigated the hypothesis that MPFL transection would change patellar tracking and PFJ contact pressures and increase the distance between the attachment points of the MPFL. Eight fresh frozen dissected cadaveric knees were mounted in a rig with the quadriceps and ITB loaded to 205 N. An optical tracking system measured joint kinematics, and pressure sensitive film between the patella and trochlea measured PFJ contact pressures. Length patterns of the distance between the femoral and patellar attachments of the MPFL were measured using a suture led to a linear displacement transducer. Measurements were repeated with the MPFL intact and following MPFL transection. A significant increase in the distance between the patellar and femoral MPFL attachment points was noted following transection (p < 0.05). MPFL transection resulted in significantly increased lateral translation and lateral tilt of the patella in early flexion (p < 0.05). Peak and mean medial PFJ contact pressures were significantly reduced and peak lateral contact pressures significantly elevated in early knee flexion following MPFL transection (p < 0.05). MPFL transection resulted in significant alterations to PFJ tracking and contact pressures, which may affect articular cartilage health. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1423–1429, 2013     

Reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament for chronic patellar instability

Background:

Disruption of the capsule, medial patellar retinaculum, and/or vastus medialis obliqus has been associated with recurrent patellar instability. Biomechanical studies have shown that the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the main restraint against lateral patella displacement and reconstruction of the MPFL has become an accepted surgical technique to restore patellofemoral stability in patients having recurrent patellar dislocation. We report a prospective series of patients of chronic patellar instability treated by reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament.

Materials and Methods:

Twelve patients (15 knees) with recurrent dislocation of patella, were operated between January 2006 and December 2008. All patients had generalised ligament laxity with none had severe grade of patella alta or trochlear dysplasia. The MPFL was reconstructed with doubled semitendinosus tendon. Patients were followed up with subjective criteria, patellar inclination angle, and Kujala score.

Results:

The mean duration of followup after the operative procedures was an average of 42 months (range 24–60 months) 10 knees showed excellent results, 3 knees gave good results, and 2 knees had a fair result. The average patellar inclination angle decreased from 34.3° to 18.6°. The average preoperative Kujala functional score was 44.8 and the average postoperative score was 91.9.

Conclusion:

MPFL reconstruction using the semitendinosus tendon gives good results in patients with chronic patellar instability without predisposing factors like severe patella alta and high-grade trochlear dysplasia, and for revision cases.     

Trochleoplasty and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation

We report a case of recurrent patellar dislocation with high-grade trochlear dysplasia which persisted despite two previous operations. We did a Dejour''s sulcus deepening trochleoplasty, medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, and lateral retinacular release. Trochleoplasty and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is required in patients with high grade trochlear dysplasia.     

Dynamic medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in recurrent patellar instability: A surgical technique

The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the primary stabilizer of the patellofemoral joint; its reconstruction has been recommended in adults over the past decade after recurrent patellar instability. However, there has been no standardized technique for reconstruction, therefore, ideal graft and technique for reconstruction are yet undetermined. However, dynamic MPFL reconstruction studies claim to be superior to other procedures as it is more anatomical. This preliminary study aims at assessing the outcomes of MPFL reconstruction in a dynamic pattern using hamstring graft. We performed this procedure in four consecutive patients with chronic patellar instability following trauma. MPFL reconstruction was done with hamstring tendons detached distally and secured to patellar periosteum after being passed through a bony tunnel in the patella without an implant and using the medial collateral ligament as a pulley. In all 4 knees, the MPFL reconstruction was isolated and was not associated with any other realignment procedures. No recurrent episodes of dislocation or subluxation were reported at 24 months followup.     

内侧髌骨股骨韧带的概念及临床意义

内侧髌骨股骨韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)是膝关节内侧稳定髌骨的主要静力结构,往往在髌骨脱位时受到损伤,导致髌骨不稳甚至反复脱位。在认识到MPFL的存在并研究其精确解剖结构及生物力学功能之后,重建MPFL成为了治疗髌骨不稳或脱位的主流方法,而且重建技术层出不穷。本文系统阐述MPFL的解剖学、生物力学、手术指征和重建技术,推崇以锚钉固定、双束解剖重建MPFL的方法。     

经骨缝合与缝合锚钉技术在内侧髌股韧带双束重建术中应用的比较研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨经骨缝合术在内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)双束重建术中应用的效果。方法回顾分析2014年1月—2017年12月收治且符合选择标准的75例复发性髌骨脱位患者临床资料,均采用MPFL双束重建术治疗,根据术中固定技术分为研究组(39例,新型经骨缝合术)和对照组(36例,传统缝合锚钉固定)。两组患者性别、年龄、身体质量指数、患膝侧别以及术前胫骨结节-滑车沟距离、Insall-Salvati比值、膝关节活动度、Kujala评分、国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分、适合角、倾斜角等一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。记录并比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后并发症等情况。手术前后采用Kujala评分、IKDC评分及膝关节活动度评价患者功能改善情况;于X线片上测量适合角、倾斜角。结果两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者均获随访,随访时间24~36个月,平均29.4个月。随访期间均未出现切口感染、脂肪液化,髌骨再脱位及髌前疼痛等并发症。末次随访时,两组患者Kujala评分、IKDC评分、膝关节活动度、适合角和倾斜角均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用缝合锚钉固定或经骨缝合术完成MPFL双束重建均可恢复髌骨稳定性,二者术后近期疗效无明显差异。     

内侧髌股韧带联合髌胫韧带重建治疗髌骨不稳的研究进展

髌骨不稳是临床常见疾病,常见于青少年.内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)重建是治疗髌骨不稳的主要治疗方式之一,但仍有部分患者术后出现再次脱位.近年来MPFL联合内侧髌胫韧带(medial patellotibi?al ligament,MPTL)重建成为治疗髌骨不稳的...     

Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patellar instability

Background:

Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is one of the major static medial stabilising structures of the patella. MPFL is most often damaged in patients with patellar instability. Reconstruction of MPFL is becoming a common surgical procedure in treating patellar instability. We hypothesised that MPFL reconstruction was adequate to treat patients with patellar instability if the tibial tubercle and the centre of the trochlear groove (TT-TG) value was less than 20 mm and without a dysplastic trochlea.

Materials and Methods:

30 patients matching our inclusion criteria and operated between April 2009 and May 2011 were included in the study. MPFL reconstruction was performed using gracilis tendon fixed with endobutton on the patellar side and bio absorbable interference screw or staple on the femoral side. Patients were followed up with subjective criteria, Kujala score and Lysholm score.

Results:

The mean duration of followup was 25 months (range 14-38 months). The mean preoperative Kujala score was 47.5 and Lysholm score was 44.7. The mean postoperative Kujala score was 87 and Lysholm score was 88.06. None of the patients had redislocation.

Conclusion:

MPFL reconstruction using gracilis tendon gives excellent results in patients with patellar instability with no redislocations. Some patients may have persistence of apprehension.