人工全膝关节表面置换治疗骨关节疾病52例

目的探讨人工全膝关节表面置换(TKA)治疗骨关节病的疗效。方法对52例56个膝关节行TKA。结果52例均获随访,时间10~62个月,平均48.4个月。患者术后在疼痛、功能方面改善明显;膝关节评分应用HSS评分系统,由术前平均46.2分提高到86.3分。术后52个膝关节平均活动度为108,°53个膝关节术后膝关节力线正常,3膝残留6°~8°内翻。手术优良率90.4%。结论TKA对治疗严重膝关节炎效果满意,术中精确的截骨及正确的软组织松解以获得软组织平衡和注重术中髌骨轨迹的纠正是手术成功的关键。     

全膝关节表面置换术治疗骨关节病--42例长期随访疗效分析

目的报告42例全膝关节表面置换术治疗骨关节病的长期疗效.方法对42例骨关节病全膝关节置换术的患者进行长期随访,并应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行分析;随访5年～14年,平均7年11个月.结果手术优良率为88%.病人术后在疼痛、功能及关节活动度等方面都有明显改善.尤其是在缓解疼痛方面效果显著.结论全膝关节表面置换术对治疗严重骨关节病效果满意.     

人工全膝关节表面置换术治疗重症膝关节病

目的　探讨人工全膝表面置换术 (TKA)治疗重症膝关节病的疗效。方法　采用TKA共治疗 21例 24膝,其中晚期骨性关节炎 15例 17膝,类风湿关节炎 4例 5膝,全膝关节结核 2例 2膝。按TKA原则施术,重建膝关节负重力线,截骨达到伸屈间隙相等,维护软组织平衡,保持髌骨中置位,获取膝关节充分活动度。结果　平均随访 2 5年,膝关节平均活动度由术前的 58°(30°~100°)改善到 96°(60°~120°),疼痛、跛行明显改善,无感染。结论　对疼痛、畸形、明显影响功能、年龄在 60岁以上的重症膝关节病患者选择TKA治疗,疗效满意。     

全膝关节表面置换术治疗骨关节病及类风湿性关节炎的疗效--109例随访疗效分析

目的：报告109例全膝关节表面置换术治疗骨关节病及类风湿性关节炎的疗效。方法：对109例全膝关节置换术的患者进行随访。并用HSS评分系统进行分析；随访11-84个月，平均34.2个月。结果：手术优良率89%。病人术后的疼痛，功能方面都有明显改善。尤其在缓解疼痛方面效果显著。但在关节活动度方面改善不明显。结论：全膝关节表面置换术对治疗严重骨关节病及类风湿性关节炎效果满意，为了能够取得更好的疗效应该注重术中髌骨轨迹的纠正及病人的术前教育及术后康复指导。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎

目的评价人工膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床疗效,探讨人工膝关节置换术后并发症的原因。方法本组24例30膝膝关节骨关节炎患者进行人工全膝关节置换术,一期单膝置换18例,双膝同时置换6例,均采用后方稳定性假体。结果本组随访1～4年,平均2年。应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行分析,优24膝,良3膝,可2膝,差1膝,优良率90%。并发症：腓总神经损伤2例,人工膝关节脱位1例,有1膝差25°不能完全伸直。结论人工全膝关节置换术是治疗严重膝关节骨关节炎的有效方法,正确进行人工膝关节置换的手术操作是取得满意临床效果的保证。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗类风湿性关节炎22例疗效观察

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床疗效。方法 22例类风湿性关节炎采用TKA治疗,取膝前正中切口手术,假体均采用骨水泥固定,均未行髌骨置换。按美国特种外科医院膝关节评分系统(HSS)进行疗效评定。结果所有患者假体置入满意,无假体松动、移位发生。术后获平均11.2(9~14)个月随访,HSS评分从术前平均(41.69±1.39)分提高到术后平均(82.00±1.75)分,手术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论人工全膝关节置换术治疗类风湿性关节炎的疗效确切,能有效解除疼痛和改善患者的膝关节功能。     

人工全膝关节表面置换术20例体会

2005年3月～2009年3月,我科对20例22个膝关节行人工全膝关节表面置换术(TKA),疗效满意. 1　材料与方法 1.1　病例资料　本组20例 (22膝),男8例,女12例,年龄 50～68岁.单膝置换18例,双膝置换2例.其中骨关节炎14例16膝（见图1A、B,2A）,类风湿性关节炎6例6膝.屈曲畸形者6膝,<20°者4膝,20°～40°者2膝.假体类型:后稳定型假体16例18膝;后交叉韧带(PCL)保留型假体4例4膝.     

全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎效果观察

目的观察全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎的效果。方法对36例膝关节骨关节炎患者行人工全膝关节置换术,比较术前、术后3个月及6个月的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、膝关节活动度、膝关节功能评分(HSS)和治疗优良率。结果患者术后3个月及6个月时VAS评分、膝关节活动度、膝关节HSS评分均优于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后出现3例切口感染,2例下肢深静脉血栓形成,1例轻度贫血,均经对症治疗后痊愈。未发生肺栓塞、急性肾损害等并发症及假体松动、髌骨脱位等并发症。末次随访复查X线片均显示假体位置良好。依据HSS评分标准,本组优20例、良14例、中2例,治疗优良率为94.44%。结论全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎,能有效减轻膝关节疼痛感,改善膝关节功能和活动度,提高患者生活质量。     

全膝关节置换术的新观点

随着我国人口老龄化和经济的发展，以全膝关节置换术(TKA)和全膝关节置换翻修术(RTKA)治疗膝关节疾病日益增多。人工全膝关节领域的发展日新月异，现复习国外近年文献，对TKA、RTKA的新观点作一综述。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗伸直型僵直膝

目的 探讨伸直型僵直膝关节行人工全膝关节置换术的临床疗效.方法 对16例(27膝)伸直型僵直膝关节进行人工全膝关节置换术,其中骨性强直4例(6膝),均采用膝前正中切口和髌内侧弧形切开关节囊,其中股中间肌V～Y成形术13例(24膝),胫骨结节截骨再固定3例(3膝).结果 术后平均随访40(4～60)个月.膝关节HSS评分由术前平均16.3(10～26)分提高到术后81(79～95)分.膝关节活动范围由术前平均14.40(0～30°)提高到术后89.4°(70～110°).结论 对于伸直型僵直膝关节进行人工全膝关节置换术,可以明显增加腺关节活动范围,提高患者的生活质量.     

Dislocation following primary posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty

From 1981 through 1991, 3, 032 primary total knee arthroplasties were performed using the Insall-Burstein Posterior Stabilized Condylar Prosthesis (IB-I, IB-II, and IB-II modified) (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN). Fifteen posterior dislocations occurred: 4 with the IB-I system occurring 2 or more years after surgery, 10 with the IB-II system (8 occurring 6 months after surgery and 2 occurring 2–3 years after surgery), and 1 with the IB-II modified system occurring 9 months after surgery. Statistically significant differences for the rate of dislocation between both the IB-I and IB-II modified arthroplasties versus the IB-II arthroplasties were found (P < .001). In an attempt to identify a cause for these dislocations, the authors retrospectively assessed the 15 dislocated cases with respect to sex, age, weight, height, preoperative and postoperative Hospital for Special Surgery scores, preoperative and postoperative alignment, preoperative versus postoperative reconstruction dimensions, patellar thickness and height, and postoperative flexion and compared the results with those patients who did not experience dislocation. Possible etiologies and mechanisms of dislocation were sought. There were no significant differences between the control and study groups for any variable assessed, with the exception of postoperative flexion, which averaged 118° for the study group and 105° for the control group (P < .001). Conservative management was successful in 11 cases. In September 1988 the IB-II system was introduced; modification of the tibial insert was made in January 1990. The 10 IB-II dislocations occurred prior to the modification of the modular tibial polyethylene insert, and the 3 recurrent dislocations in this group were successfully treated with revision to this modified insert. Since this modification, 656 IB-II modified systems have been implanted with one dislocation (0.15%).     

全膝关节表面置换治疗严重膝关节畸形

目的探讨人工全膝关节表面置换术(TKA)治疗严重膝关节畸形临床疗效。方法应用全膝关节表面置换治疗严重膝关节畸形36例(48膝)。使用HSS评分标准评估分析术前、术后膝关节功能及术后疼痛、膝关节活动度的改善情况。43膝采用后稳定型人工全膝关节假体,5膝采用CCK型人工全膝关节假体。结果术后早期均无感染等并发症发生。术后X线片示假体位置良好,下肢力线良好。患者均获得随访,时间6～18个月。HSS评分术前为(41±5.3)分,术后6个月为(87.7±6.5)分。手术优良率为83.3%。患者疼痛、功能方面及活动度均有明显改善。结论全膝关节置换术对严重膝关节畸形的治疗效果满意。但应严格掌握手术适应证。     

Restoration of the joint line in total knee arthroplasty

The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of the joint line position in a posterior cruciate ligament–retaining, mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Seventy-six consecutive TKAs performed by 1 surgeon were prospectively assessed for a minimum of 2.5 years. Posterior cruciate ligament–retaining, mobile-bearing TKA was performed in all cases. The joint line was elevated 1 mm on average (range, −11 to +10). There was no correlation between joint line position and range of motion, knee function scores, knee pain scores, or patellar height. The joint line position in a posterior cruciate–retaining, mobile-bearing (LCS AP Glide; DePuy, Leeds, United Kingdom) TKA did not affect the early clinical results.     

人工全膝关节置换术截骨测量

[目的]作者对人工全膝关节置换术中股骨截骨方法进行了改良，增加了股骨后髁截骨厚度，本项研究通过截骨厚度的测量对改良截骨方法的手术效果进行了验证。[方法]对81例人工全膝关节置换术中的各向截骨骨块的厚度进行了测量，分为膝内翻和膝外翻两组，采用Student＇s-test对截骨厚度和假体厚度进行了比较。[结果]总体截骨厚度在膝间隙和伸膝间隙均小于假体厚度。膝内翻组，外侧屈膝间隙存在微量的过度截骨；膝外翻组，内侧屈膝间隙存在微量的过度截骨。[结论]采用改良的股骨截骨方法，手术效果良好。     

全膝关节表面置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎

目的分析人工全膝表面置换治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法对21例29膝的膝骨性关节炎病例行人工膝关节置换术,单膝关节置换13例,双膝关节置换8例,全部采用后方稳定性假体。结果随访6~47个月,平均22.6个月,采用HSS评分系统进行分析,优15例,良5例,可1例。患者术后在疼痛、功能方面都有明显改善。结论全膝关节表面置换术对治疗严重膝骨性关节炎效果满意。术中精确的截骨操作、正确的软组织松解及术后指导康复是手术治疗成功的关键。     

An evaluation of the safety and efficacy of simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty

This study directly compared the clinical and radiographic results and patient satisfaction of a group of simultaneous, bilateral total knee arthroplasties (92) with a year of surgery matched unilateral total knee arthroplasties (92). Death within 1 month of surgery occurred in 1 bilateral patient and no unilateral patients. Significant cardiorespiratory complications were recorded in 6 bilateral patients and 2 unilateral patients. Patients with pre-existing cardiorespiratory conditions were particularly at risk. Analysis revealed a 98% 7-year survivorship for unilateral procedures and 97% for bilateral. In this study, 95% of bilateral patients stated they would choose the same option again.     

NexGen LPS Flex全膝关节置换的近期疗效观察

目的探讨高屈曲型NexGen LPS—Flex人工全膝关节置换的近期疗效。方法41例（47膝）行高屈曲型NexGen LPS-Flex人工膝假体置换。术前、术后测量膝关节活动度,并根据HSS膝关节评分系统进行评估。结果获随访32例（38膝）,时间12～42（28．03±8．86）个月。活动度从术前平均67．45°±10．50°改善到术后平均125．68°±10．14°。各种并发症的发生率低。术前HSS评分平均为44．7分±11分,术后HSS评分平均为90．3分±12分;根据HSS评分系统评定疗效：优14例,良16例,中2例,优良率达93．75％。结论高屈曲型NexGen LPS—Flex全膝关节置换的近期临床效果满意,长期效果还需进一步观察。     

Results of a second-generation constrained condylar prosthesis in primary total knee arthroplasty

This is a prospective study of the results of a second-generation modular constrained condylar knee (CCK) prosthesis in primary total knee arthroplasty. Of 418 consecutive total knee arthroplasties performed by 1 surgeon, a second-generation modular CCK prosthesis was indicated for intraoperative stability in 30 knees (7.2%). Three knees were lost to follow-up, and 27 knees had a mean follow-up time of 5.4 years (range, 2-11.5 years). All tibial components had a cemented 35-mm stem extension, and 26 femoral components had a 100-mm uncemented stem extension. The indication for use of the CCK components was most commonly severe valgus deformity and incompetent medial collateral ligament. There were no revisions for loosening, patella problems, or tibial post fracture. A lateral retinacular release of the patella was performed in 6 knees (22%). An asymptomatic, minimally displaced patella fracture was noted in 2 knees (7.4%). Constrained condylar knees are used infrequently now but are successful for the treatment of the unstable primary knee that cannot be balanced. These results may be design specific.