Magnesium Balance in Alcoholics

Using metabolic balance techniques, alcoholic patients were found to retain more magnesium than non-alcoholic hospital patients used as controls. This was interpreted as indicating that the alcoholic patients were deficient in magnesium.     

Assortative Mating Among Adult Children of Alcoholics and Alcoholics*

Relations between parental alcoholism, self‐alcoholism, and partner‐alcoholism were examined in a nonclinical, non–self‐identified sample of 128 married and engaged young couples. Couples were recruited to participate in a longitudinal study of close relationships. They were assessed using three alcoholism questionnaires that included reports of parent‐, partner‐, and self‐alcohol use. Participants were predominantly White and well educated. Cross‐sectional analyses indicated that alcoholics tend to marry other alcoholics and that male adult children of alcoholics (ACOA) are more likely to be alcoholic than their female counterparts. The relation between parental alcoholism and partner's alcoholism was affected by self‐alcoholism in male participants. There was a significant relation between ACOA status and marriage to alcoholics for women that was not affected by their own alcoholism.     

Bone Changes in Experimental Chronic Cadmium Poisoning

To clarify the relationship between chronic cadmium poisoning and bone abnormalities, male Wistar rats were separated into eight groups given eight different synthetic diets. After four weeks of these dietary regimens the rats were killed and examined roentgenographically. Muscles and bones were removed and analyzed for cadmium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. The most remarkable x-ray finding was the abnormal curvature of the spinal column. Cervicodorsal lordosis and dorsolumbar kyphosis as well as scoliosis increased markedly in rats fed a low-protein, calcium- deficient, and cadmium-added diet. Cad- mium levels increased and magnesium and zinc levels decreased in bones of cadmium-dosed groups. Calcium levels än red muscle (soleus) and white muscle (gastrocnemius) were significantly elevated in rats on a low-protein, calcium-deficient, and cadmium-added diet.     

慢性便秘胃肠激素的变化

目的　研究慢性便秘胃肠激素的变化。方法　门诊慢性便秘患者 17例 ,正常对照 10例 ,空腹采血 ,采用RIA法检测生长抑素 (SS)和P物质 (SP)的水平。结果　慢性便秘患者SS和SP的水平分别为 (12 0 5 7±2 7 84 )pg/ml及 (7 6 8± 2 5 )pg/ml。与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　胃肠激素的变化在慢性便秘的发病中起着一定的作用。     

Market Segmentation of Alcoholics

No abstract available for this article.     

Alcohol,Drinking Pattern,and Chronic Disease

This review discusses the inconsistent recommendations on alcohol consumption and its association with chronic disease, highlighting the need for an evidence-based consensus. Alcohol is an addictive substance consumed worldwide, especially in European countries. Recommendations on alcohol consumption are controversial. On one hand, many nonrandomized studies defend that moderate consumption has a beneficial cardiovascular effect or a lower risk of all-cause mortality. On the other hand, alcohol is associated with an increased risk of cancer, neurological diseases, or injuries, among others. For years, efforts have been made to answer the question regarding the safe amount of alcohol intake, but controversies remain. Observational studies advocate moderate alcohol consumption following a Mediterranean pattern (red wine with meals avoiding binge drinking) as the best option for current drinkers. However, agencies such as the IARC recommend abstention from alcohol as it is a potent carcinogen. In this context, more randomized trial with larger sample size and hard clinical endpoints should be conducted to clarify the available evidence and provide clinicians with support for their clinical practice.     

Ascorbic Acid Status of Alcoholics

The ascorbic acid status of 50 chronic alcoholics has been studiedby measuring the leucocyte ascorbic acid levels (L.A.A.) andassessing the intake of vitamin C from diet histories. The mean(± S.D.) L.A.A. level of the group was 18.18±11.01µg/10⁸W.B.C.,which was significantly lower (P < 0.0005) than that of amatched group (27.41 ±7.59 µg/10⁸W.B.C.). No clinicalfeatures of scurvy were noted in either group. The haematologicalstatus of the chronic alcoholics was also studied. The alcoholicswere not anaemic but there was evidence from the serum ironand erythrocyte protoporphyrin results that in 13 out of 36alcoholic patients the metabolism of iron was disturbed.     

宝鸡市居民膳食模式因子与慢性病相关性分析

目的调查分析宝鸡市居民膳食模式与慢性病的关系,为制订相关防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用抽样调查、因子分析及查阅文献等方法进行分析。结果因子分析得到5种膳食模式：动植物蛋白、均衡、素食、节俭和传统模式,膳食模式为动植物蛋白、均衡和素食模式的居民高血压患病率和血糖异常比例均较低。结论宝鸡市应提倡居民选择动植物蛋白、均衡和素食膳食模式,通过合理膳食防控高血压、糖尿病等相关慢性病。     

军队医院慢性病毒性肝炎患者诊治管理模式

根据军队医院的自身特点,并结合医院实际,通过优化诊治流程,充分利用信息化优势,加强软硬件建设平台,树立科研意识和创新意识等措施,对慢性病毒性肝炎患者诊治管理模式进行探讨。     

A Two Year Study of Alcoholics in General Practice

This study attempts to evaluate the feasibility of a familydoctor diagnosing and treating all the patients with a drinkingproblem in his London practice. Patients were selected from an ongoing register of suspectedpathological drinkers. In a practice population of 9,108 patients,134 names were on the register in April 1972, and 61 were addedto it during the two subsequent years. 133 patients underwent a full assessment for alcoholism withdetails of personal, social, medical and drinking history andincluding a physical examination and biochemical profile. 69 patients (51·8%) of the sample were diagnosed as alcoholicson evidence of physical, mental, personal, familial and socialharm due to alcohol abuse. 37 of them (53·6%) also hada history of physical dependence on alcohol. 32 (46·4%)had no history of dependence. They all shared a wide spectrumof physical, social and psychiatric pathology. Treatment was offered by the same family doctor and a researchworker. Patients were seen in a series of short therapeuticsessions with more lengthy re-assessment at six-monthly intervals.Relatives were involved. Attendance rates were unsatisfactoryin 23·2% of cases. During the two year period of the study (1972–1974), patientswere visited at home at regular intervals by the research worker. Based on information and impressions of the general practitioner,his partners, his research assistant and relatives, treatmentwas evaluated at the end of the study. 11 patients (19·3%) remained sober for two years, 26(45·6%) had improved, 20 (35·1%) were left unchanged. Only 3 patients had sought help or found help from any treatmentagency outside general practice and none were known to them. It is concluded that the majority of alcoholics can be identifiedand treated by the family doctor, who has a vital role in theprevention and treatment of alcoholics in the community.     

Acute and Chronic Changes in Pulmonary Functions among Indian Textile Workers

An epidemiological study was carried out in three textile millsof Ahmedabad. A total of 214 cotton dust exposed and 184 controlsubjects were examined for pulmonary function tests. Pulmonaryfunction tests included forced vital capacity and forced expiratoryvolume in one second. The pulmonary function tests were carriedout before starting the shift and after 7 hours of exposureon a vitalograph spirometer. The study shows that among thecotton dust exposed workers byssinotics behave distinctly andshow the maximum acute and chronic changes in pulmonary functions.It seems that the effect of cotton dust exposure on the byssinoticsubjects is more predominant than the effect of smoking. Requests for reprints should be addressed to: J. R. Parikh, National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad-380016, India     

Children of Alcoholics: Breaking the Cycle

"Please send me some pamphlets. I am twelve-and-a-half years old. Please hurry. I can't stand it anymore. My father's drinking."     

慢性铝染毒大鼠中脑多巴胺能神经元的形态学改变

[目的]探讨铝对大鼠中脑多巴胺(DA)能神经元的毒性作用及其与认知功能之间的关系。[方法]让大鼠自然饮用含AlCl3 160 0mg/L的自来水,历时3个月建立慢性铝染毒模型,利用避暗回避实验测定实验前后大鼠的短期学习记忆能力的变化,通过尼氏染色和银染观察大鼠脑内的病理改变,利用免疫组织化学染色及图像分析技术对中脑黑质和腹侧被盖区的DA能神经元进行了系统的分析。[结果]与对照组相比较,染铝大鼠受电击次数显著增加(P <0 .0 1) ,潜伏期缩短(P <0 .0 0 1) ;中脑腹侧被盖区和黑质在5种冠状切面上的DA能神经元数量均下降(P值均<0 .0 5 ) ,部分神经元形态出现异常。[结论]铝对大鼠中脑DA能神经元有明显的毒性作用,而DA能神经元的损伤可能与大鼠的短期学习记忆能力下降有关。     

安徽省慢病防治工作现状及工作模式探讨

目的　了解安徽省慢病防治工作现状 ,探讨今后工作模式。方法　采取现场调研和电话咨询方式了解全省 17个市疾控 (防疫 )机构慢病防治人员配置及工作开展情况。结果　全省慢病防治工作处于起步阶段 ,基层防治网络不健全 ,人力和财力资源远不能满足防治工作的需要。各地社区卫生服务站工作职能和观念仍处于重治轻防 ,未能有效地发挥其真正的功能。结论　加强慢病防治队伍的建设 ,规范社区卫生服务工作 ,完善监测系统 ,是我省慢病预防控制工作的重点。     

慢性应激抑郁大鼠脑组织形态学和行为的变化

[目的]观察慢性不可预知的温和应激抑郁模型大鼠出现抑郁状态过程中的行为学改变以及大脑组织形态学变化,探讨大脑组织形态学变化在抑郁发生、发展过程中的作用及其意义。[方法]15只Wistar雄性成年大鼠连续8周采用单笼饲养和慢性不可预知的温和应激建立抑郁模型（模型组）;另15只不予任何刺激（对照组）。观察2组体重及大脑系数变化、行为学表现、液体消耗情况、血浆皮质酮水平以及大脑组织形态学结构的变化。[结果]造模过程中,与对照组相比,模型组体重增长减慢。造模结束,大脑系数降低（P〈0.01）;水平、垂直运动得分及清洁动作次数、糖水消耗量、1%蔗糖偏爱百分比均降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;而纯水消耗量增加（P〈0.01）。血浆皮质酮水平在应激2周达高峰,高于对照组（P〈0.01）;应激第3周有下降的趋势。模型组大脑海马超微结构异常。[结论]慢性不可预知的温和应激可诱发大鼠较长时间、伴有行为及活动习性变化的抑郁形成,并可引起大脑组织形态学改变,这可能是抑郁发生、发展过程中的重要机制之一。     

Representations of alcoholism in a former alcoholics' association: Alcoholics Anonymous

This article is designed to review the representations of alcoholism provided by members of an association of former alcoholics, namely Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), based on partial results from a qualitative survey conducted in the Sapopemba group of AA in a neighborhood on the outskirts of the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The article thus analyzes alcoholism from an emic perspective, i.e., how it is conceived and managed by those who acknowledge themselves as being "sick as alcoholics", how they explain the sickness, how they experience it, and how they endeavor to overcome it. The purpose is to present AA and its treatment strategy and to highlight the link made by the association by conceiving of alcoholism as a physical, moral, and spiritual illness.