药物治疗预防下肢动脉支架成形术后再狭窄的临床观察

目的:观察抗血小板药物在下肢动脉支架成形术后预防再狭窄的效果。方法:收集2008年1月至2010年12月,下肢动脉血管内支架治疗的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)患者74例,随机分为治疗组(36例),每日口服盐酸沙格雷脂+拜阿司匹林;对照组(38例)每日皮下注射低分子肝素1 w,并从术后第3天起口服华法令。观察术后6个月、12个月及18个月支架内闭塞、再狭窄以及临床出血。结果:两组患者基本特征比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组和对照组:18个月的再闭塞分别是1例和2例,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);支架内再狭窄分别是1例和8例,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);出血并发症分别是1例和4例,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:盐酸沙格雷脂联合阿司匹林,可以预防下肢动脉支架成形术后的再狭窄,安全有效。     

经皮氧分压评估下肢动脉硬化闭塞症经皮血管腔内成形术疗效的研究

目的 通过比较下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)前后的经皮氧分压(TcPO2)、踝肱指数(ABI)、趾肱指数(TBI)的变化,评价TcPO2在评估下肢ASO患者PTA疗效的临床价值.方法 ASO患者101例,下肢ASO患肢111例,行PTA术后2～9 d复查TcPO2、ABI及TBI.根据有无T2...     

球囊扩张成形术后支架植入治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的疗效及并发症研究

目的探讨球囊扩张成形术与球囊扩张后支架植入术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)的临床疗效和安全性。方法前瞻性分析2019年3月至2020年9月我院收治的80例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的临床资料,分别采用球囊扩张成形术(对照组40例)与球囊扩张后支架植入术(观察组40例)治疗,治疗后随访6个月,超声测量踝臂血压指数(ABI)、脉搏波传导速度(PWV),并评价总体临床疗效,观察不良反应发生率。结果观察组总有效率为97.5%,明显高于对照组80%(P0.05);观察组跛行距离长于对照组,ABI和PWV低于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论球囊扩张后支架植入术可很好地改善ASO患者下肢功能,延长跛行距离,预防再狭窄,可在临床推广应用。     

盐酸沙格雷酯用于股腘动脉长段闭塞介入治疗效果及安全性分析

目的:探讨盐酸沙格雷酯应用于股腘动脉长段闭塞性病变腔内治疗术后,抗凝的疗效和安全性。方法:对我院2010年07月至2011年12月,行下肢股腘动脉长段闭塞性病变腔内治疗术共97例。依据术后是否应用盐酸沙格雷酯联合抗血小板、预防血栓形成用药分为两组进行回顾性对照研究,其中研究组(沙格雷酯+阿司匹林、氯吡格雷)53例,对照组(阿司匹林、氯吡格雷)44例。对介入治疗术后血管通畅率、再狭窄率对比分析。并对研究组药物不良反应及出血事件进行临床安全性分析。结果:研究组及对照组术后3个月、6个月及1年通畅率分别为96.2%/93.1%,94.3%/93.1%,92.5%/88.6%;术后3个月、6个月及1年再狭窄率9.4%/9.1%,13.2%/18.2%,15.1%/18.2%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。临床安全性分析,研究组出现1例出血事件(2.5%),未见药物不良反应。结论:盐酸沙格雷酯联合阿司匹林、氯吡格雷用于股腘动脉长段闭塞病变介入治疗,术后经抗血小板治疗、预防闭塞及再狭窄发生安全有效。     

药物治疗下肢感染性股动脉假性动脉瘤术后的疗效

目的:探讨盐酸沙格雷酯,治疗下肢感染性股动脉假性动脉瘤,瘤体切除及动脉结扎术后的疗效。方法:将2006年1月至2010年12月,行下肢感染性股动脉假性动脉瘤术后32例患者的38条患肢,随机分成两组,治疗组17例给予盐酸沙格雷酯100 mg,3次/d,口服;对照组15例给予阿司匹林肠溶片25 mg,3次/d,治疗6个月后统计疗效。结果:治疗组中疗效明显的有5条下肢,占25%;症状有改善的12条,总体有效率85%;没有变化的2条,1例因患者复发毒瘾死亡而中止治疗。对照组中4条症状有改善,其余没有变化。治疗组与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。主诉没有明显的不良反应。结论:盐酸沙格雷酯用于感染性股动脉假性动脉瘤瘤体切除及动脉结扎术后的治疗,安全有效、服用方便。     

紫杉醇药涂球囊扩张成形术联合金属裸支架置入术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床疗效及安全性

目的 了解紫杉醇药涂球囊扩张成形术联合金属裸支架置入术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床疗效及安全性。方法 60例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者根据手术方式的不同分为A组和B组,A组行紫杉醇药涂球囊扩张成形术联合金属裸支架置入术,B组行普通球囊扩张成形术联合金属裸支架置入术。术后即刻评估手术效果,并记录患者术后皮温、足背或胫后动脉搏动、踝肱指数（ABI）。术后3、6个月门诊随访,包括术后血管通畅率（彩超检测）、支架在位情况、ABI、跛行距离以后术后并发症[中性粒细胞计数（紫杉醇不良作用评估）、支架内血栓情况、支架再狭窄、患肢截肢率]。结果 两组手术总有效率均为100%。与术前比较,术后即刻两组患肢皮温升高（t分别为12.46、12.50,P均<0.05）,ABI升高（t分别为24.3、22.3,P均<0.05）,多数患者可再次触及足背动脉或胫后动脉搏动。两组患者术后即刻及术后3个月ABI及跛行距离比较,P均>0.05。术后6个月,与B组比较,A组ABI高（t=3,P<0.05）,跛行距离长（t=2.2,P<0.05）。A组术后3个月再狭窄1例、支架内血栓形成1例,术后6...     

不同食管支架置入手术方式应用于晚期食管癌患者的临床对比研究

目的 对比不同食管支架置入手术方式对晚期食管癌患者手术安全性、临床效果和术后并发症等方面的影响,对临床医师为晚期食管癌患者选择适合的支架置入方式提供一定参考。方法 回顾性分析2016年12月至2019年12月在惠州市中心人民医院及博罗县人民医院消化科确诊为晚期食管癌并且行食管支架置入术的89例患者的临床资料。42例患者为胃镜直视下食管支架置入,简称胃镜组; 47例患者为数字减影血管造影(DSA)透视下食管支架置入,简称DSA组。对两组手术成功率、手术时间、临床疗效、术后并发症情况、术后生存质量、术后平均生存时间、术后营养改善状况等方面进行统计和对比分析。结果 两组患者食管支架置入术成功率都均为100%,吞咽困难情况均得到一定改善,两组手术总有效率差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);胃镜组的手术时间显著少于DSA组患者(P <0.05);胃镜组术后出血率为47.6%,显著高于DSA组的21.3%(P <0.05);两组患者术后胸痛率、再狭窄率、支架移位率等并发症差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05);两组术后生存质量和生存时间差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)...     

颈内动脉支架置入术后患者合并糖尿病5年随访再狭窄率观察与对比

目的探讨颈内动脉支架置入术后合并糖尿的患者5年内随访发生再次狭窄的对比。方法分析回顾该院2010年1—12月在该院接受颈内动脉支架置入术的患者120例,其中有无糖尿病的患者有60例,合并糖尿病的患者60例,并于术后第3年和第5年内回访检查脑血管造影,记录两组患者血管再狭窄的情况并分析比较。结果术后3年,有糖尿病组中的患者出现再狭窄的的有7例(再狭窄率为11.67%),无糖尿病组中在狭窄的有1例(再狭窄率为1.67%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后5年,有糖尿病组中患者出现再狭窄的共有8例(再狭窄率为13.33%),无糖尿病组中再狭窄的共有2例(再狭窄率为3.33%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论颈内动脉支架置入术后合并糖尿病的患者5年内发生再狭窄的概率高于无糖尿病的患者。     

低分子肝素治疗糖尿病下肢动脉疾病的疗效观察

目的探讨低分子肝素治疗糖尿病下肢动脉疾病的疗效。方法将2011年3月—2014年2月该院收治的118例糖尿病下肢动脉严重狭窄患者随机分为观察组(59例)与对照组(59例),所有患者均接受控制血糖、血压,防治其他慢性并发症等常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上联合使用低分子肝素,对照组在常规治疗基础上联合使用奥扎格雷,现对比分析两组患者的疗效。结果治疗前,两组患者左腘动脉收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、右腘动脉PSV、左肢踝肱指数(ABI)、右肢ABI、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组左腘动脉PSV、右腘动脉PSV、左肢ABI、右肢ABI显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者PT、APTT相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论低分子肝素治疗糖尿病下肢动脉疾病的疗效优于奥扎格雷,而两者的安全性相当,低分子肝素治疗糖尿病下肢动脉疾病值得临床推广应用。     

西洛他唑联合替格瑞洛对急性心肌梗死病人支架植入后冠状动脉再狭窄的防治效果及血小板功能的影响

目的观察西洛他唑联合替格瑞洛对急性心肌梗死(AMI)病人支架植入后冠状动脉再狭窄的防治效果及对血小板功能的影响。方法将90例择期行冠状动脉支架置入术的AMI病人随机分为研究组与对照组,各45例。两组术前均给予替格瑞洛,对照组术后给予替格瑞洛与阿司匹林,研究组术后给予替格瑞洛与西洛他唑,连续应用1年。血栓弹力图(TEG)凝血分析仪检测两组术后1 d、15 d、30 d二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的血小板抑制率及最大聚集率(MPAR);随访统计术后1年期间出血事件、主要心血管事件及支架内狭窄发生情况。结果两组术后不同时刻ADP途径诱导的血小板抑制率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后1 d ADP途径诱导的MPAR比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而研究组术后15 d、30 d MPAR均高于对照组(P<0.05);两组术后15 d、30 d ADP途径诱导的血小板抑制率均高于术后1 d(P<0.05),MPAR低于术后1 d(P<0.05),而术后15 d与30 d比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组主要出血、轻微出血及小出血发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组总出血事件发生率低于对照组(6.67%与24.44%,P<0.05);两组术后1年内心功能恶化、非致死性AMI等主要心血管事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组术后1年内复发心绞痛、支架内再狭窄发生率(6.67%,4.44%)均低于对照组(20.00%,17.78%,P<0.05)。结论西洛他唑联合替格瑞洛有助于改善AMI病人支架植入术后血小板功能,降低出血事件发生率,且有助于降低复发心绞痛及支架内再狭窄风险。     

盐酸沙格雷酯对糖尿病伴膝下动脉病变球囊扩张成形术后疗效的影响

目的:观察盐酸沙格雷酯对糖尿病膝下动脉病变,球囊扩张成形术(PTA)后再狭窄的疗效。方法:选择我科2007年4月至2011年8月收治2型糖尿病合并重症下肢缺血患者46例,男性21例,女性25例,年龄49～93岁,平均73.03岁。所有患者均为单纯膝下3支动脉病变。按随机数字表法将入选患者按1∶1的比例随机分为对照组(拜阿斯匹林)和治疗组(拜阿司匹林联合盐酸沙格雷酯),每组23例。PTA术后基础治疗两组一致,治疗组加用盐酸沙格雷酯片(安步乐克,100 mg,每日3次,日本三菱制药),治疗时间为6个月。疗效观察时间为PTA治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月。观察项目为静息痛缓解、溃疡愈合、术后成功开通血管通畅及再狭窄的情况,将静息痛完全缓解,或者溃疡愈合评为疗效显著。结果:糖尿病性膝下动脉病变PTA术后,治疗组的症状改善及疗效优于对照组。结论:盐酸沙格雷酯对糖尿病膝下血管病变PTA治疗后,再狭窄的预防、缺血症状的改善有较好的作用。     

Prevalence of asymptomatic arteriosclerosis obliterans and its relationship with risk factors in inhabitants of rural communities in Japan: Tanno-Sobetsu study

OBJECTIVES: Since arteriosclerosis obliterance in the legs (ASO) causes deterioration of the prognosis of the elderly, prevention of ASO is important for maintenance of their quality of lives. We studied the prevalences of ASO in rural communities in Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured the ratio of systolic blood pressure in the leg to that in the arm (ABI) using a new device, Form PWV/ABI, in 1398 subjects of both sexes. Subjects with ABI values below 0.9 were considered to have ASO. The prevalence of ASO was 2.7% in all of the subjects, 1.0% in subjects under the age of 60 years, and 3.4% in subjects aged 65 years or more. Multiple regression analysis showed that ABI was correlated with plasma level of total cholesterol in men. There were no significant differences of the mean age, mean fasting plasma glucose level and percentage of patients who smoked between the ASO group and non-ASO group in each sex. Mean cholesterol level in our subjects is lower than the reported levels in Europeans and Americans. The prevalence of ASO increased with increase in the number of risk factors in individual subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Among the atherosclerotic risk factors, age and total cholesterol seem to be more important risk factors of ASO than others.     

Usefulness of biodegradable stents constructed of poly-l-lactic acid monofilaments in patients with benign esophageal stenosis

AIM： To report 13 patients with benign esophagea stenosis treated with the biodegradable stent.
METHODS： We developed a Ultraflex-type stent by knitting poly-/-lactic acid rnonofilaments.
RESULTS： Two cases were esophageal stenosis caused by drinking of caustic liquid, 4 cases were due to surgical resection of esophageal cancers, and 7 cases were patients with esophageal cancer who received the preventive placement of biodegradable stents for postendoscopic mucosal dissection （ESD） stenosis. The preventive placement was performed within 2 to 3 d after ESD. In 10 of the 13 cases, spontaneous migration of the stents occurred between 10 to 21 d after placement. In these cases, the migrated stents were excreted with the feces, and no obstructive complications were experienced. In 3 cases, the stents remained at the proper location on d 21 after placement. No symptoms of re-stenosis were observed within the follow-up period of 7 mo to 2 years. Further treatment with balloon dilatation or replacement of the biodegradable stent was not required.
CONCLUSION： Biodegradable stents were useful for the treatment of benign esophageal stenosis, particularly for the prevention of post-ESD stenosis.     

长球囊血管成形术并长支架置入治疗糖尿病下肢缺血56例

目的：探讨长球囊血管成形术联合长支架置入术（LBPTALS））治疗糖尿病下体缺血的疗效。方法：采用经皮穿刺同侧或对侧股动脉，以造影明确病变动脉部位及病变长度，行长球囊血管成形术后放置长支架。结果：56例（68条患肢）长球囊血管成形术及支架置入术均获成功，踝肱指数由0．42±0．17增至术后7天的0．75±0．28（P〈0．05）。56例随访7天～8月，平均随访3月，肢体通畅率92．8％（52／56）。结论：长球囊血管成形术联合长支架置入术操作简便、微创、安全，是治疗糖尿病下体缺血有效方法。     

Drug-eluting and bare nitinol stents for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions in the superficial femoral artery: long-term results from the SIROCCO trial.

PURPOSE: To review clinical outcomes of patients with chronic limb ischemia and TASC type C lesions treated with sirolimus-eluting versus bare SMART nitinol self-expanding stents. METHODS: Data were obtained from a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded study conducted in 2 phases. All 93 patients had chronic limb ischemia and superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusions or stenoses (average lesion length 8.3 cm). In total, 47 patients (31 men; mean age 66.3+/-9.1 years, range 50-84) received the sirolimus-eluting SMART stent and 46 patients (36 men; mean age 65.9 +/-10.8 years, range 38-83) received a bare SMART nitinol stent. Both groups were followed for a mean 24 months. RESULTS: Both the sirolimus-eluting and the bare SMART stents were effective in revascularizing the diseased SFA and in sustaining freedom from restenosis. For both types of stents, improvements in ankle-brachial indices (ABI) and symptoms of claudication were maintained over 24 months (median 24-month ABI 0.96 for the sirolimus group versus 0.87 for the bare stent group, p>0.05). At 24 months, the restenosis rate in the sirolimus group was 22.9% versus 21.1% in the bare stent group (p>0.05). The cumulative in-stent restenosis rates according to duplex ultrasound were 4.7%, 9.0%, 15.6%, and 21.9%, respectively, at 6, 9, 18, and 24 months; the rates did not differ significantly between the treatment groups. The TLR rate for the sirolimus group was 6% and for the bare stent group 13%; the TVR rates were somewhat higher: 13% and 22%, respectively. Mortality rates did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that the sirolimus-eluting and the bare SMART stent are effective, safe, and free from restenosis in a majority of patients for up to 24 months. Because the restenosis rate in the bare stent group is unexpectedly low, no significant difference could be found between the sirolimus-eluting and the bare SMART stents.     

Pulmonary artery interventions after the arterial switch operation: Unique and significant risks

Background: In the modern era, results of the arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries are excellent. However, because of the LeCompte maneuver, there may be a propensity for development of pulmonary artery stenosis. We encountered atypical complications of pulmonary artery stenting in patients after the ASO, including aorto‐pulmonary fistula and coronary compression.
Methods: We performed a 10‐year retrospective review of catheterizations per‐ formed in patients after ASO in our institution with a focus on adverse events.
Results: Diagnostic and interventional catheterizations were performed in 47 pa‐ tients. In 29 patients, 37 interventional procedures performed, which included pul‐ monary artery angioplasty and/or stenting. In this group, there were five major adverse events (14%), including three aorto‐pulmonary fistulae and one coronary artery compression among patients having stent implantation or stent redilation. In addition, there were 6/37 (16%) intended stent procedures, which were aborted be‐ cause there appeared to be high‐risk of significant adverse events.
Conclusions: This review suggests that percutaneous intervention on pulmonary ar‐ tery stenosis after ASO has high‐risk and should be undertaken advisedly. Prior thor‐ ough evaluation of coronary arteries is mandatory as coronary reimplantation sites may be adjacent to sites of pulmonary artery stenosis. Furthermore, if pulmonary artery stent implantation or stent redilation is contemplated, the risk of stent fracture and possible AP fistula should be recognized. Primary use of reinforced covered stents should be considered.     

Correlation of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremity with coronary artery disease

To ascertain the correlation between arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) of the lower extremities and coronary artery disease (CAD), 69 patients with lower extremity ASO were observed. Based on clinical symptoms, the patients were categorized as group A: 52 with intermittent claudication and group B: 17 with angina pectoris. All patients underwent angiography of both lower extremities and the heart. Results were as follows: 1. In group A, 33 patients had significant coronary stenosis with single (16 cases), double (12 cases) and triple (five cases) vessel disease. Sixteen patients had histories of myocardial infarction and two had vasospastic angina. In group B, 15 patients had significant coronary stenosis with single (five cases), double (six cases) and triple (four cases) vessel disease including two cases involving the left main trunk. Six patients had histories of myocardial infarction and two had vasospastic angina. 2. Electrocardiography revealed that 37 patients in group A and 14 patients in group B had abnormal ECGs as abnormal Q waves and ST-T changes. However, 10 patients in group A and three patients in group B had significant coronary stenosis despite their normal ECGs. 3. According to the sites of stenotic lesions, all 69 patients with ASO were classified in four types; as diffuse, pelvic, ilio-femoral and femoral. The incidence of CAD did not differ among these four types. 4. In group A, 38 patients experienced revascularization of ASO; 36 cases by bypass grafting, and two by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Ten patients received cardiac revascularization including three cases with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and seven cases with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). In group B, 13 patients received revascularization of ASO with bypass grafting. Eleven patients had coronary revascularization including seven cases with CABG and four cases with PTCA. 5. Fourteen of the 69 patients received revascularization for both ASO and CAD. In conclusion, there is a highly significant coincidence of CAD in patients with ASO, and CAD is often silent. These data indicate that routine coronary angiography is necessary for detecting and preventing CAD in all patients with ASO. Coronary artery revascularization, especially PTCA, can be indicated prior to lower extremity revascularization.     

血管腔内成形术术后行自体外周血干细胞移植治疗糖尿病足的临床研究

目的 比较血管腔内成形术(PTA)联合自体外周血干细胞(APBSC)移植与单纯PTA术治疗糖尿病足的疗效.方法 移植组28例行PTA术后给予粒细胞集落刺激因子动员外周血干细胞,动员5～7天后用血细胞分离机采集干细胞,对缺血肢体进行移植,对照组23例患者行单纯PTA术,3个月后比较各项指标.结果 治疗后两组ABI及TcPO2均较治疗前升高,其中移植组术后TcPO2升高较对照组显著(P＜0.05).结论 PTA与APBSC都是治疗糖尿病足的安全有效的手段,PTA术后行APBSC移植,效果优于单纯PTA术.