The separation of immunoglobulin M from human serum by fast protein liquid chromatography

A fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) system was evaluated as a method for rapid separation of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) from immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA). The system incorporates the use of a strong anion exchanger. Evaluation was carried out in 3 ways. The effect of increasing the serum percentage in the 500 microliters volumes loaded on to the column was tested. Samples containing up to 60% serum resulted in only small concentrations of contaminating IgG and IgA in the IgM fraction. Reproducibility was tested by fractionating the same serum sample several times; the coefficient of variation (CV) of the IgM concentration in the IgM fraction was 6%. A number of sera which varied considerably in immunoglobulin concentration were fractionated without any significant adverse effects on the immunoglobulin ratios in the IgM fraction. One serum sample containing a high concentration of IgG and IgA was included. In contrast to gel filtration chromatography, FPLC can separate IgM from IgG and IgA within 6 min. On loading 500 microliters samples containing from 20 to 60% serum, less than 0.01 g/l IgG was detected in the IgM fractions when tested by the radial immunodiffusion method.     

应用变性高效液相色谱技术快速诊断儿童型脊髓性肌萎缩症

目的 介绍变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography，DHPLC)技术在儿童型脊髓性肌萎缩症(spinal muscular atrophy，SMA)基因诊断中的应用。方法 PCR扩增25名正常人、1份标准样品及25例SMA患者运动神经元生存基因(survival，motor rleuron，SMN)第7外显子及其侧翼区域，PCR产物变性、复性后直接上样于DHPLC系统。通过改变A、B缓冲液的比例来分离各种DNA成份。结果 各种不同DNA成份以色谱峰的形式表现出来。23名正常标本呈现3个峰，依次为SMN1／SMN2异源双链峰、SMN2同源双链峰、SMN1同源双链峰。2名正常标本及1份标准品只有SMN1峰，表明缺失了SMN2。22例SMA患者只有SMN2峰，表明缺失了SMN1。另3例SMA患者呈现3个峰，表明无SMN1或SMN2缺失。结论 DHPLC诊断SMA具有敏感、准确、快速、简便等优点。     

应用变性高效液相色谱技术检测parkin基因突变

目的应用变性高效液相色谱技术(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)检测早发性帕金森综合征(early-onset parkinsonism,EOP)致病基因parkin突变。方法散发EOP患者82例,提取外周血细胞DNA,通过PCR扩增parkin基因的12个外显子,应用DHPLC进行变异筛查,峰形异常者进行DNA测序以明确序列变异的种类和位置。结果以100名健康者为正常对照,在82例EOP患者中检测出3种突变,均为点突变,内含子区突变包括IVS1-39G→T和IVS9 18C→T;编码区突变为T1422C,导致所编码的441位氨基酸由半胱氨酸变为精氨酸(Cys441Arg)。结论在散发EOP患者中发现3个杂合型点突变,探讨应用DHPLC在EOP患者中开展parkin基因诊断的可行性。     

应用离子对反相高效液相色谱法检测微卫星DNA不稳定

目的　建立一种敏感、稳定、高通量的微卫星 DNA不稳定检测技术。方法　应用离子对反相高效液相色谱法在 2 0名正常人、115例散发性大肠癌患者中检测 5个微卫星位点。正常人取外周静脉血DNA,重复 PCR反应 (标准化参照 )。癌症患者取其癌组织及同源正常组织 DNA,配对分析 PCR产物。结果　 115例大肠癌样本中 17例 (14 .8% )存在微卫星 DNA高度不稳定 ,2 3例 (2 0 .0 % )存在微卫星 DNA低度不稳定。低龄和高龄大肠癌患者中微卫星不稳定 (microsatellite instability,MSI)检出率高于中位年龄患者(P<0 .0 5 ) ;低分化大肠癌患者中 MSI检出率高于中、高分化大肠癌患者 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　离子对反相高效液相色谱法可用于检测 MSI,并具有敏感、稳定、高通量等特点。     

高效液相色谱法测定聚乳酸中乳酸单体残留量

目的通过高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)测定聚乳酸材料中乳酸单体的残留量,完善此类材料的质量评价方法。方法用三氯甲烷溶解聚乳酸材料样品后,加入等体积磷酸二氢钾水溶液(20 mmol/L,pH=2.87)涡旋振荡,静置分层后取上清液,采用C18 Synergi4u Hydro-RP 80A色谱柱,进样20μL,以流速0.6 m L/min,磷酸二氢钾水溶液为流动相,柱温30℃,紫外检测波长210 nm,外标法定量并进行方法学研究,包括液相色谱系统适应性、线性范围、检出限、定量限、回收率。结果本方法中理论塔板数为10660,拖尾因子为1.32,分离度为3.81,重复性相对标准偏差为0.54%(n=5),乳酸在浓度1.05~105μg/m L范围内与峰面积保持良好的线性关系(r=0.999979),检出限为0.42μg/m L,定量限为1.05μg/m L,萃取平均回收率为94.76%(n=6),其相对标准偏差为3.04%。聚乳酸样品中乳酸单体平均残留量为144.17μg/g。结论高效液相色谱法测定聚乳酸中乳酸单体残留量具有良好的线性范围,准确度高,重复性好,萃取回收率较高且操作简单,可用于聚乳酸材料中乳酸单体残留量测定。     

应用变性高效液相色谱技术进行肝豆状核变性的基因突变筛查及产前诊断

目的 探讨变性高效液相色谱(denature high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)技术在肝豆状核变性(Wilson's disease,WD)的突变筛查及产前诊断中的临床应用.方法 以6个WD家系中的患者及其父母的DNA为模板,采用PCR技术扩增ATP7B基因的21个外显子及5'非翻译区,PCR产物经DHPLC技术进行突变筛查,对峰型有改变者进行测序验证.在确定了先证者突变类型的基础上,采用相同方法对其中4个家系(1个双胎和3个单胎)进行产前诊断.结果 6例患者中检测出5种已知的致病突变及8种多态类型.患者的父母均为相应突变类型的携带者.产前诊断结果显示,两例妊娠为异常胎儿,其中1例双胎为Arg778Leu/IVS4-1G>C双重杂合子,1例单胎为Ser975Tyr/Pro992Leu双重杂合子,这两对妊娠夫妇选择了终止妊娠.另两例妊娠中,1例为Ser975Tyr杂合子,1例完全正常,他们选择了继续妊娠,出生了表型正常儿.结论 DHPLC在Wilson病的突变检测和产前诊断中有良好的应用前景.     

Rapid and efficient purification of mouse monoclonal antibodies from ascites fluid using high performance liquid chromatography

Techniques for the rapid and efficient purification of mouse monoclonal antibodies from murine ascites are described that utilize anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Anion exchange chromatography was performed at neutral pH using a hydrophilic resin conjugated with a substituted amine (Mono Q column, Pharmacia Fine Chemicals). Various subclasses of mouse IgG monoclonals were assessed for their binding to this matrix, with all of the antibodies tested eluting at relatively low concentrations of sodium chloride. In some instances, a protein tentatively identified as transferrin was co-purified using this anion exchange procedure. However, this protein was easily removed from the IgG using gel permeation chromatography (Bio-Sil TSK-250, Bio-Rad), also performed at neutral pH.     

制备型高效液相色谱在生物医药制品领域的应用

 制备型高效液相色谱（preparative high performance liquid chromatography，Prep-HPLC）是一种使用高压、大流量液体输送系统在高分辨率、大内径、高载量分离柱上进行样品高纯度分离的液相色谱制备方法。应用该方法分离的产品在纯度、回收率、分离效率等方面远远优于传统的制备方法，因此在生物制品和药物研究、生产领域得到广泛应用^[1-3]。本文就近年来 Prep-HPLC 方法的研究进展及其在生物医药制品领域的应用做一综述。 1 Prep-HPLC 在蛋白质和多肽分离制备中的应用 蛋白质和肽类药物活性强，生物功能明确，特异性高，有利于临床应用，已成为医药产业中的一大类重要产品。但这些产品无论是来自于生物体内还是由化学合成，往往都带有复杂的混合成分，而总目的蛋白或肽类的丰度又低，给分离纯化带来困难，需要多种方法联合使用以获得纯度满意的产品。在此过程中，Prep-HPLC 通常在分离的最后阶段被用作获得高纯度产品的关键方法^[4]。......     

阳离子交换一步层析法纯化抗gp130单克隆抗体

目的:建立从小鼠腹水中纯化抗gp130单克隆抗体(mAb)B-S12的一步层析方法。方法:小鼠mAb腹水样品经离心后,进行阳离子交换层析柱纯化。检查了上样缓冲液的pH值和洗脱液的离子强度梯度对mAb纯度的影响。纯化后mAb的生物学活性用MTT比色法检测。结果:在pH4.0、20mmol/LHEPES缓冲液条件下上样,用0～1.0mol/L的NaCl梯度洗脱,可获得纯度超过90%的mAbB-S12,回收率为52%。纯化后的mAb对XG-2细胞有明显的促增殖作用。结论:建立的一步纯化方法操作简便,所得mAb的纯度高及生物学活性好。     

引物延伸变性高效液相色谱产前诊断β-地中海贫血

目的建立针对中国人常见β-地中海贫血(β-地贫)基因型的产前诊断新方法。方法PCR扩增的靶序列,经引物延伸,得到中国人β-地贫5个常见突变的特异性延伸片段,用全变性高效液相色谱分析延伸片段混合物,分离图谱可鉴定被检样本的基因型。结果盲法分析显示,36个家系108例样品的引物延伸变性高效液相色谱与反向点杂交(reversedotblot,RDB)检测结果符合率为100%。其中6例RDB诊断为上述5个常见突变以外的突变。该法的突变检出率为94.4%(102/108),对产前诊断家庭的诊断率为97.2%(35/36)。结论该法是一种准确、高效的β-地贫突变分析方法,可用于β-地贫的产前诊断。     

阴离子交换层析法纯化gp130单克隆抗体B-S12

目的：建立一种从小鼠腹水中获得高纯度、活性好、纯化过程易于放大的抗gp130单克隆抗体B-S12的纯化方法。方法：经硫酸铵沉淀等预处理后的腹水样品，在阴离子交换层析柱上进行分离纯化，用MTT法检测纯化后抗体的生物学活性。结果：腹水样品经硫酸铵沉淀、PBS复溶，用pH 7．0、20mmol／L Tris—HCl缓冲溶液稀释10倍后上强阴离子交换层析柱，NaCl梯度洗脱，可获得纯度大于95％的B-S12抗体，回收率达73％，在体外对XG-2细胞有明显的促增殖作用。结论：建立了快速高效从小鼠腹水中纯化B-S12的方法，为该抗体的进一步应用提供了必要的实验基础。     

变性高效液相色谱检测5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因677(C/T)多态

目的建立快速、准确的筛查5，10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因（methylenetrahydrofolate reduclase gene，MTHFR）677（C／T）多态的方法。方法MTHFR扩增后，应用变性高效液相色谱进行检测，用测序和酶切验证。结果对334名南方汉族人的MTHFR的677（C／T）多态进行了检测，准确率达99％以上，灵敏度高，突变的检出率达100％。CC、CT、TT基因型的频率分别为56．9％、38．3％和4．8％，T、C等位基因的频率分别为23．95％和76．05％。结论变性高效液相色谱法能快速、准确地检测MTHFR的677（C／T）多态。MTHFR的677（C／T）多态存在地区和种族差异。     

Interactions of human serum albumin with a modified poly(vinyl alcohol) gel packing for high-performance liquid chromatography

—The interactions of human serum albumin (HSA) with a poly(vinyl alcohol) gel packing (Asahipak GS-520) for high-performance liquid chromatography of proteins were investigated. Under certain conditions, the elution of HSA from the GS-520 column was retarded and its chromatogram was split into two peaks, indicating weak adsorption of HSA onto the gels and also the existence of two subfractions, i.e. human mercapto-albumin (HMA) and human non-mercapto-albumin (HNA). The chromatograms were confirmed to be greatly influenced by the salt composition, the pH, and the temperature of the isocratic mobile phase. It is characteristic for the adsorption of HSA onto the gels to be suppressed at a pH near its isoelectric point. The HSA-gel interaction parameters calculated using an adsorption chromatography theory demonstrate that the adsorption of HSA is caused by enthalpy-driven interactions, which are depressed by lowering the pH, in addition to hydrophobic interactions. Under the recommended chromatographic conditions for high resolution of HMA/HNA, it was found that the HSA samples possessed some subfractions besides HMA and HNA fractions.     

Detection of alpha-galactosidase a mutations causing Fabry disease by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography

Mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-Gal A, GLA) gene cause Fabry disease, an X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disease. The majority of mutations are private, and confirmation of carrier status in females requires the definitive identification of a DNA mutation. In addition, knowledge of a family's mutation enables rapid and precise preimplantation and prenatal genetic testing. Here we report the development and use of DHPLC to rapidly and cost-effectively screen for alpha-Gal A mutations. Optimal DHPLC partial denaturing conditions for mutation detection were established for each PCR amplicon corresponding to the seven alpha-Gal A exons and their adjacent intronic/flanking sequences. At least five known mutations in each exon (45 in total) were screened by DHPLC to validate the method. Mutation detection was then performed in 14 affected males diagnosed by enzyme assay and 39 at-risk females, and the amplicons with abnormal DHPLC profiles were sequenced. In all affected males, and in 32 of the 39 at-risk females, four and 16 previously reported and 10 and 15 new mutations were identified, respectively. Sequencing all seven alpha-Gal A gene amplicons in the seven at-risk females who had normal DHPLC profiles excluded them as mutation carriers. Only one mutation (p.P362L) was not initially identified by its DHPLC profile, but in retrospect the profile was abnormal, emphasizing the need for experience in inspecting the profiles. In addition, this technique detected two new intronic polymorphisms, c.640-16A>G and c.1000-22C>T, with frequencies of 0.14 and 0.25 in both normal individuals and Fabry patients, respectively. This DHPLC method should improve the rapidity and cost-effectiveness of alpha-Gal A mutation identification in affected males and carrier females for Fabry disease.     

应用变性高效液相色谱检测31例家族性腺瘤性息肉病家系结肠腺瘤性息肉病基因突变

目的 应用变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)技术检测我国家族性腺瘤性息肉病(familial adenomatons polyposis,FAP)家系的结肠腺瘤性息肉病(adenoinatous pelyposis coli,APC)基因变异特征,研究其病因机制.方法 采集31个家系的先证者、患者和家系成员的外周血淋巴细胞,抽提DNA并以降落式PCR扩增APC基因各外显子和启动子.基因突变检测先由DHPLC进行筛选,发现异常峰者进行测序鉴定并TA克隆鉴定,结果与网络数据进行比对.结果 31个家系中共有15个家系检出了12种不同的突变类型,FAP家系APC基因的突变检出率为48.39%.发现了4种新的突变及3例不同的内含子突变.4个新的突变分别位于255、677、1192、1403密码子,均为移码突变.证明了DHPLC能检出APC基因的突变.在APC基因的突变中,移码突变占86.67%,无义突变占13.33%,说明移码突变是中国人APC基因突变的主要方式.在突变位点上,第15外显子突变最常见,约占86.67%.结论 FAP家系APC基因的突变检出率为48.39%,发现了4种新的导致蛋白编码改变的突变.证实中国人FAP家系中APC基因突变位点以第15外显子最常见,类型以移码突变为主.     

Comparison of serum theophylline concentrations measured by high pressure liquid chromatography and quantitative enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique.

Safe, effective theophylline therapy depends on the rapid determination of serum theophylline concentrations. Two rapid methods that require less than 0.1 ml of serum are high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantitative enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT). A comparison of these two methods was carried out using 117 serum samples routinely collected from asthmatic patients in Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans. After determination by the EMIT method, specimens were analyzed by HPLC in a different laboratory. Mean serum theophylline concentrations in 100 specimens containing more than trace concentrations were 14.5 mcg/ml by the EMIT method, compared with 12.1 mcg/ml by HPLC. The paired t test showed this to be a highly significant difference (p less than 0.0005). Whichever method of determination of theophylline concentration is used, frequent validation of results by comparison with those of other laboratories seems indicated.     

反相高效液相色谱法和16S rRNA序列分析法对分枝杆菌分型鉴别的比较研究

目的比较反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)和16S rRNA序列分析法对分枝杆菌分型鉴别的异同。方法将《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》中载入的49种分枝杆菌模式株接种于改良罗氏培养基上,置于最适温度下孵育。挑取生长良好且无污染的培养物,一部分经皂化和酸化提取分枝菌酸并衍生后,采用反相高效液相色谱法进行分枝菌酸指纹图谱构建;另一部分经裂解和PCR扩增,获得DNA,纯化后,采用核酸分析仪进行16S rRNA序列测定。结果 49种分枝杆菌模式株中,采用RP-HPLC分析时,单簇峰的结核分枝杆菌、牛分枝杆菌和胃分枝杆菌,双簇峰的爱知分枝杆菌和罗德岛分枝杆菌,三簇峰的南非分枝杆菌和母牛分枝杆菌共7种因各组内相对保留时间和相对峰高比值相近而难以进行鉴别;采用16S rRNA序列分析法分析时,产鼻疽分枝杆菌和塞内加尔分枝杆菌、溃疡分枝杆菌和海分枝杆菌、堪萨斯分枝杆菌和胃分枝杆菌、龟亚分枝杆菌和龟脓分枝杆菌以及结核分枝杆菌复合群(结核分枝杆菌、牛分枝杆菌、田鼠分枝杆菌和非洲分枝杆菌)共12种因各组内基因序列相似性百分比为100%而难以进行鉴别。通过两种分型鉴别方法的比较,可见除结核分枝杆菌和牛分枝杆菌外,两种分型方法相互补充,可将49种分枝杆菌模式株中的47种进行明确鉴别。结论分枝菌酸RP-HPLC和16S rRNA序列分析法均为分枝杆菌的分型鉴定提供了准确和有效的技术方法。两种方法相互借鉴能准确地将大多数分枝杆菌鉴定到种。     

肾综合征出血热病毒血凝素纯化及免疫学性状分析

应用高压液相色谱法对粗制肾综合征出血热病毒（ＨＦＲＳＶ）血凝素分离纯化获得具有血凝活性的蛋白，效价１８０，分子量为５６６００。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和蔗糖密度梯度超速离心分析显示具有均一的分子量和浮密度，多株位点特异性ＭｃＡｂ分析证实，该蛋白有血凝抗原和中和抗原决定簇，免疫小鼠可产生特异性抗－ＨＦＲＳＶ抗体，其中和效价４０，血凝抑制效价６４。     

Alpha-mannosidosis: analysis of urinary oligosaccharides with high performance liquid chromatography and diagnosis of a case with unusually mild presentation

Mannose containing oligosaccharides (OS) excreted in the urine of patients with alpha-mannosidosis have been analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC method provides a highly sensitive assay for detection of the urinary oligosaccharides and was employed for diagnosis of a fifteen-year-old female with an unusually mild presentation of the disease. Dysostosis multiplex and coarse facies were absent; mental impairment was particularly mild. The elution profile of the urinary OS from this patient and two, more severely affected, patients with mannosidosis were nearly identical, containing nine major OS fractions. The concentrations of the OS were eight fold lower in our patient hut, when calculated relative to creatinine, the levels of the urinary OS of all patients were similar.