Phubbing as a Millennials’ New Addiction and Relating Factors Among Nursing Students

Objective This study investigated phubbing (the act of ignoring one’s companion or companions to pay attention to one’s smartphone) and examined the factors affecting phubbing among nursing students in South Korea. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and a self-reported questionnaire was used. Data were collected from 200 nursing students in two cities. Self-administered questionnaires included demographic data, smartphone addiction, media multitasking motivation, interpersonal competency, and phubbing. Results Phubbing was positively correlated with smartphone addiction (r=0.41, p<0.001) and media multitasking motivation (r=0.16, p<0.05), and negatively correlated with interpersonal competence (r=-0.51, p<0.001). Factors influencing nursing students’ phubbing were interpersonal competency (β=-0.59, p<0.001), media multitasking motivation (β=0.24, p<0.001), smartphone addiction (β=0.19, p<0.01) and interpersonal relationships (β=0.14, p<0.05). The model including these variables accounted for 43% of variance in phubbing. Conclusion Nursing students showed a moderate level of phubbing, and interpersonal competency was an important factor for reducing their phubbing of nursing students. Since phubbing occurs frequently among nursing students, educators in nursing are required to develop and implement active interventional measures to help nursing students avoid phubbing and improve their interpersonal relationships by increasing their empathic ability and communication skills.     

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Smartphone Addiction among Adolescents–A Nationwide Study in Malaysia

Smartphone ownership among adolescents is getting common in this decade especially in Malaysia; Adolescent are strongly devoted to their smartphone and this may lead to smartphone addiction. Studies have reported that smartphone addiction has become an emerging social and health problem especially among the youth in many countries however there is lack of study among adolescents in Malaysia. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and factors associated with smartphone addiction among adolescents in Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study involving adolescents from 15 primary care clinics throughout the country. Respondents were assessed on their smartphone activities using the Malaysian short version of the Smartphone addiction scale (SAS-M-SV). Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of smartphone addiction among adolescents. The study was conducted among 921 adolescents with 49.6% male (n = 457). The mean age of adolescents was 16.4 ± 2.4 years. The ethnicity distribution were 74.6% Malay, 7.3% Chinese, 4.7% Indian and 13.4% other ethnicities. The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 37.1% (342/921); 37.4% in male and 36.9% in female. Based on multiple logistic regression analysis, longer duration of smartphone use per week was associated with higher odds of smartphone addiction among adolescent (odd ratio = 1.005%, 95% confidence interval = 1.000–1.009, p-value = 0.039). Smartphone addiction is present in nearly four in ten adolescents in Malaysia. Adolescents who spend longer duration in smartphone usage per week were associated with higher odds of having smartphone addiction. Parents should be more alert and vigilant about this finding. Hence, parents should limit their children from spending too much of time with smartphone in order to prevent their children from getting smartphone addiction.     

ADHD and autistic traits,family function,parenting style,and social adjustment for Internet addiction among children and adolescents in Taiwan: A longitudinal study

This longitudinal study investigated the prevalence, predictors, and related factors for Internet addiction among elementary and junior high school students in Taiwan. A convenient sample of grades 3, 5, and 8 students (n = 1153) was recruited from six elementary and one junior high schools. They were assessed during the beginning and the end of the spring semester of 2013. Internet addiction was examined by the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS). Other factors were screened using the Chinese version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) for autistic trait, the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) for parenting, the Family APGAR for family support, the Social Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents for social function, and the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV scale (SNAP-IV) for ADHD symptoms. The prevalence of Internet addiction decreased from 11.4% to 10.6%. Male, low family support, poor social adjustment, and high ADHD-related symptoms were related to Internet addiction. However, there was an inverse relationship between autistic traits and Internet addiction. Further, its predictivity could be accounted by poor academic performance, male, and protective parenting style. Internet addiction is not uncommon among youths in Taiwan. The predictors identified in this study could be the specific measures for the development of a prevention program for Internet addiction in the youth population.     

Relationships Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Smartphone Addiction: the Moderating Role of Mindfulness

This study investigated the relationships between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and smartphone addiction. The study further investigated the moderating role of mindfulness in the relationship between EMSs and smartphone addiction. The study employed a SEM-based multi-group analysis using data collected from 660 mobile users in Turkey. Results indicated that none of the EMSs were significantly associated with smartphone addiction for average users. On the other hand, certain EMSs were significantly associated with smartphone addiction for intermittent and addicted users. The schemas of social isolation/mistrust, approval seeking, and abandonment were positively associated with smartphone addiction for intermittent users, whereas approval seeking and entitlement/insufficient self-control were positively associated with smartphone addiction for addicted users. The findings implied that those who have higher score on the EMSs were more likely to become addicted to smartphones. The results further indicated that mindfulness significantly moderated these relationships, suggesting that as mindfulness increases, the number of schemas related to smartphone addiction decreases.

     

Smartphone Usage and Sleep Quality in Korean Middle School Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective This study evaluated the quality of sleep and smartphone addiction in Korean adolescents during the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic and analyzed their effects on perceived quality of life. Methods An online survey system provided by the Gwangmyeong City Health Center located in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, was completed by 1,678 local middle school students from April 1 to June 30, 2021. We measured quality of life using the KIDSCREEN-27 health-related quality of life questionnaire, quality of sleep using the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and smartphone addiction using the Smartphone Addiction Self-Diagnosis Scale. Bed times, wake times, and total sleep hours were also recorded. Results Sleep quality and quantity were directly associated with smartphone addiction. The results indicated that lower quality of life was associated with lower sleep quality, delayed onset of sleep, shorter total sleep time, and higher smartphone addiction. Female students reported lower quality of life, lower sleep quality, delayed sleep phases, shorter total sleep hours, and higher smartphone addiction scores than did male students. Conclusion Our results suggest that adolescents’ quality of life is threatened by poor sleep, which in turn could be due to unhealthy smartphone usage. Girls were more heavily affected by this trend than were boys. Preparations to intervene for further mental health issues that might follow are necessary.     

Attachment Styles and Smartphone Addiction in Chinese College Students: the Mediating Roles of Dysfunctional Attitudes and Self-Esteem

Smartphone addiction has been related to psychological, behavioral, and social problems, with attachment styles being found to be one of the more prevalent factors. This study explored the relationships between attachment styles and smartphone addiction, and then investigated the mediating roles of dysfunctional attitudes and self-esteem. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with a voluntary college student sample in China (N = 297) to test the proposed hypotheses. It was found that anxious attachment styles positively predicted smartphone addiction. More importantly, dysfunctional attitudes and self-esteem were found to be mediators between anxious attachment styles and smartphone addiction, as well as close attachment styles and smartphone addiction. Deeper causes and implications are discussed.     

The relationship between impulsivity and Internet addiction in a sample of Chinese adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies regarding Internet addiction have investigated associated psychological variables such as shyness, loneliness, self-consciousness, anxiety, depression and interpersonal relations. Few studies about the relationship between Internet Addiction and impulsivity have been done. This study aimed to assess whether Internet addiction is related to impulsivity among Chinese adolescents. METHOD: This study was performed in two stages. We screened for the presence of Internet Addiction among 2620 high school students(age ranging from 12years to 18years) from four high schools of Changsha City using Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction (YDQ). According to the modified YDQ criteria by Beard, 64 students were diagnosed as Internet addiction. Excluding current psychiatric comorbidity, 50 students who were diagnosed as Internet Addiction (mean age, 14.8+/-1.4years) and 50 normal students in Internet usage(mean age, 14.5+/-1.8years) were included in a case control study. The two groups were assessed using Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 (BIS-11) and behavioral measure of impulsivity (GoStop Impulsivity Paradigm). RESULTS: Sixty-four students met the modified YDQ criteria by Beard, of whom 14 students suffered from comorbid psychiatric disorders, especially comorbid ADHD. The Internet Addiction group had significantly higher scores on the BIS-11 subscales of Attentional key, Motor key, and Total scores than the control group (P<0.05). The Internet Addiction group scored higher than the control group on the failure to inhibit responses of GoStop Impulsivity Paradigm (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between YDQ scores and BIS-11subscales and the number of failure to inhibit responses of GoStop Impulsivity Paradigm. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that adolescents with Internet addiction exhibit more impulsivity than controls and have various comorbid psychiatric disorders, which could be associated with the psychopathology of Internet addiction.     

The role of school connectedness and maladaptive cognitions in the association between stress and Internet addiction: A serial mediation model

Purpose: To explore the mediating effect of school interest and maladaptive cognitions in the relationship between stress and Internet addiction. Design and Methods: A total of 2271 high school students were recruited from a Chinese high school. Serial mediation model was used. Results: School interest and maladaptive cognitions had 0.03 and 0.13 indirect effects in the association between stress and Internet addiction, and accounting for 7.9% and 34.2% of the total effect, respectively. The serial indirect effect of school interest and maladaptive cognition was 0.05, accounting for 13.2% of the total effect. Practice Implications: The present study highlights the need of reducing stress and increasing school interest among high school students to prevent and intervene the occurrence of Internet addiction.     

Social Exclusion,Self-Forgiveness,Mindfulness, and Internet Addiction in College Students: a Moderated Mediation Approach

Internet addiction is a growingly prevalent behavioral addiction that causes numerous psychosocial problems. Investigating the causes and consequences of Internet addiction is fundamental to comprehend and prevent it. Therefore, the current study provided protective and promotive factors for undesired effects of social exclusion on Internet addiction. The study examined a moderated mediation model to test whether mindfulness moderated the mediating role of self-forgiveness in the association between social exclusion and Internet addiction among young adults. The participants of the present study included 358 undergraduate students attending a state university in Turkey. They ranged in age from 20 to 28 years (M?=?21.89, SD?=?1.95). The participants comprised 206 (57.5%) female and 152 (42.5%) male college young adults. Overall, the study findings indicated that self-forgiveness mediated the relationship between social exclusion and Internet addiction, and mindfulness moderated the mediating role of self-forgiveness in this association. Contending with negative outcomes of social exclusion and Internet addiction, and mitigating and buffering roles of self-forgiveness and mindfulness provide important implications to design prevention and intervention services for reducing Internet-related addictive behaviors.

     

Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between Big Five Personality Traits and Smartphone Addiction

Psychiatric Quarterly - This study contributed to cyberpsychology literature by identifying moderating role of gender in the relationship between personality traits and smartphone addiction. A...     

Time distortion associated with smartphone addiction: Identifying smartphone addiction via a mobile application (App)

BackgroundGlobal smartphone penetration has brought about unprecedented addictive behaviors.AimsWe report a proposed diagnostic criteria and the designing of a mobile application (App) to identify smartphone addiction.MethodWe used a novel empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to delineate the trend in smartphone use over one month.ResultsThe daily use count and the trend of this frequency are associated with smartphone addiction. We quantify excessive use by daily use duration and frequency, as well as the relationship between the tolerance symptoms and the trend for the median duration of a use epoch. The psychiatrists' assisted self-reporting use time is significant lower than and the recorded total smartphone use time via the App and the degree of underestimation was positively correlated with actual smartphone use.ConclusionsOur study suggests the identification of smartphone addiction by diagnostic interview and via the App-generated parameters with EMD analysis.     

Associations between changes in behavioral difficulties and levels of problematic smartphone use in adolescents over a 1-year period

Objectives

The present longitudinal study investigates associations between changes in externalizing and internalizing behavioral difficulties and changes in problematic smartphone usage within the same 1-year period in healthy adolescents.

Methods

The project is part of the LIFE Child cohort study conducted in Leipzig, Germany. Ten- to 16-year-old adolescents (n = 363) provided information on behavioral difficulties [Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)], the duration of daily smartphone use, and symptoms of smartphone addiction [Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS)] at two consecutive study visits, t1 and t2 (1 year after t1). In the first of two analysis phases, we applied linear regression analyses to assess cross-sectional associations between externalizing and internalizing behavioral difficulties and the duration of smartphone use and symptoms of smartphone addiction (at t1 and t2). In the second, we assessed associations between the changes measured in these variables over the period of a year. All associations were adjusted for age, sex, and soci-economic status.

Results

Children who reported prolonged periods of smartphone use or more symptoms of smartphone addiction exhibited significantly higher levels of externalizing and internalizing behavioral difficulties at t1 and t2. Further, children who increased their usage or developed addiction symptoms between t1 and t2 also developed more externalizing behavioral difficulties. We found the same tendencies in regard to internalizing behavioral difficulties, although the associations did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

The present findings suggest that externalizing behavioral difficulties and problematic smartphone use are mutually dependent in the long term.

     

Cognitive and Psychosocial Health Risk Factors of Social Networking Addiction

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the two cognitive factors proposed by social cognitive theory to be highly influential on behavior (i.e., outcome expectancies and self-efficacy), in addition to optimism and loneliness, on social networking addiction among university students. In the study, 395 Chinese students (145 males, M _age = 19.05, age range = 17–27 years) voluntarily completed an online, anonymous questionnaire regarding their Internet use. Almost all of the participants (99 %) were found to be using online social networking sites, and findings showed that social networking addiction was strongly correlated with Internet addiction. As hypothesized, more negative outcome expectancies and lower self-efficacy with regard to reducing Internet use were associated with higher social networking addictive tendencies. The results of the path analysis showed that low optimism was an indirect risk factor of social networking addiction through outcome expectancies and self-efficacy, while loneliness was a direct risk factor. The findings provide practical implications to preventive intervention for social networking addiction among youth.     

Aggressive behaviour,staff attitude and staff perception of patients on two continuing care psychogeriatric wards

Levels of aggressive behaviour on continuing care psychogeriatric wards are high. Various staffing factors, potentially amenable to improvement by training, are thought to be associated with aggressive behaviour. The relationship between aggressive behaviour in patients, measured by the Rating Scale for Aggressive Behaviour in the Elderly (RAGE), and the attitude of the nursing staff towards the patient and their perception of the patient, measured by the Modified Alienation Scale (MAS), was examined in a prospective study over 4 months on two continuing care psychogeriatric wards. There was a moderately strong correlation between the RAGE total score and the MAS total score (r = + 0.67) and its sub-scales of feeling distant from the patient (r = + 0.44), deliberate use of symptoms by the patients (r = + 0.36), alienation of the patient (r = + 0.85) and variable mood in the patient (r = + 0.77). Intervention studies designed to either directly reduce aggressive behaviour or reduce aggressive behaviour by improving staff attitude and perception, or both, in a range of settings, are suggested to identify clinically effective and cost-effective strategies for reducing aggressive behaviour.     

The Effect of Stress on Internet Game Addiction Trends in Adults: Mindfulness and Conscientiousness as Mediators

ObjectiveThis study examined the mediating effect of mindfulness and consciousness among five factors on the effect of stress on Internet game addiction tendency. MethodsAn online survey was conducted on 400 men and women between their 20s and 40s across Korea. The scales used in the study were the Internet game addiction scale based on the DSM-5, Perceived Stress Scale, Mindfulness Scale, and Five-Factor Personality Scale. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was conducted, and Sobel verification was carried out to verify the significance of the mediating effects. ResultsThe results of the study are as follows: Stress showed a positive correlation with Internet game addiction tendency, mindfulness mediated the effect of stress on Internet game addiction tendency. ConclusionOf the five personality factors, conscientiousness also mediated the effect of stress on Internet game addiction tendency. This study highlights the need for further research for individuals with game addiction tendency.     

中青年脑卒中患者社会疏离感现状及其影响因素的研究

目的 探究中青年脑卒中患者社会疏离感的现状并进行影响因素分析。方法 便利抽样法选取2021年8月-2022年2月在某三甲医院就诊的中青年脑卒中患者304例,使用一般资料调查问卷、一般疏离感量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表、领悟社会支持量表进行问卷调查。结果 中青年脑卒中患者社会疏离感得分为(51.52±7.67)分;单因素分析显示,不同人口学因素(文化程度、宗教信仰、职业状态、家庭人均月收入、主要照顾者)、疾病概况[脑卒中史、慢性疾病史、日常生活活动能力(Activity of daily life, ADL)评分、改良的Rankin评分(Modified Rankin scale, mRS)]、焦虑抑郁及社会支持是社会疏离感的影响因素(P<0.05);回归分析显示,脑卒中史、家庭人均月收入、文化程度、焦虑、抑郁和社会支持能够显著预测患者的社会疏离感(P<0.01),可解释总变异的52.7%。结论 中青年脑卒中患者的社会疏离感水平较高,应特别关注首发脑卒中、家庭人均月收入低、文化程度高、社会支持缺乏和焦虑、抑郁的中青年脑卒中群体,以降低该人群社会疏离感水平。     

Freshman year mental health symptoms and level of adaptation as predictors of Internet addiction: A retrospective nested case-control study of male Chinese college students

A retrospective nested case-control study was designed to explore whether freshman year mental health status and level of adaptation are predictors of Internet addiction. The study cohort was 977 college students at a university in northwest China. In the first college year, the students' mental health status and adaptation level were assessed using the Chinese College Student Mental Health Scale (CCSMHS) and the Chinese College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS). In the following 1–3 years, 62 Internet-addicted subjects were identified using Young's 8-item diagnostic questionnaire. Controls were matched for demographic characteristics. Using logistic regression analysis, freshman year mental health status, including factors such as somatization, anxiety, depression and self-contempt, and freshman year adaptive problems were found to be causal factors and predictors of Internet addiction. Freshman with features of depression, learning maladaptation and dissatisfaction could be an important target-intervention population for reducing Internet addiction.     

Adolescents’ perceptions of the quality of interpersonal relationships and eating disorder symptom severity: The mediating role of low self-esteem and negative mood

Few studies have examined how the perceived quality of multiple interpersonal relationships is related to eating disorder (ED) symptom severity in adolescents and how psychological variables might influence these associations. The aim of this study is to determine whether the perceived level of trust, communication, and alienation in the relationship with one’s mother, father, and peers are predictive of ED severity in adolescent females and to test the mediating effects of low self-esteem and negative mood on these associations. Adolescent females aged 12 to 18 (N = 186) with a diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa (Restrictive; AN-R or Binge/Purge; AN-B/P) completed self-report measures evaluating the perceived quality of interpersonal relationships, ED symptom severity, low self-esteem, and negative mood. Multiple regressions revealed that the level of perceived alienation in the relationship with one’s mother and peers was positively associated with ED symptom severity. Low self-esteem and negative mood acted as mediators of these associations. Considering that a high level of perceived alienation in the relationship with one’s mother and peers appears to be associated with more severe ED symptoms through its impact on self-esteem and mood, improvements in the quality of these interactions are likely to be an effective target of intervention among adolescents.     

Preliminary study of Internet addiction and cognitive function in adolescents based on IQ tests

The potential relationship between Internet addiction and certain cognitive function problems has been suggested by several studies. However, few or no studies have examined the differences in cognitive functioning between persons addicted to the Internet and persons not addicted using a standard neuropsychological test. This study screened 253 middle school students and 389 high school students for Internet addiction and compared 59 Internet-addicted students with 43 non-addicted students using an IQ test. The Internet-addicted group had comprehension sub-item scores that were significantly lower than those of the non-addicted group. As the comprehension item reflects ethical judgement and reality testing, there may be a relationship between Internet addiction and weak social intelligence. Earlier onset of Internet addiction and longer addiction duration were associated with lower participant performance in areas related to attention. As this study is a cross-sectional study, it is not clear whether the persons who display weak cognitive functioning are susceptible to Internet addiction or if Internet addiction causes cognitive problems. However, as brain development remains active during adolescence, the possibility that Internet addiction adversely affects the cognitive functioning of adolescents cannot be ruled out.