新型钛合金金属橡胶颈椎间盘假体生物力学分析

【摘要】 目的：评估新型钛合金金属橡胶颈椎间盘假体的生物力学性能。方法：特殊绕丝机制作新型金属橡胶颈椎间盘假体,电镜观察假体表面结构并对假体力学性能、疲劳特性进行测试;将24个新鲜羊颈椎依次按C4/5完整标本、髓核摘除、假体置换、椎间盘切除植骨融合内固定（ACDF）处理后,给予2.5Nm载荷,分别测量其在屈曲、后伸、左右侧屈及左右旋转时的位移,通过计算得出角度变化值,观察置换节段和相邻上下节段的运动范围（ROM）。结果：假体孔隙率为60%～80%,孔径大小90～500μm,弹性模量7MPa,疲劳试验（循环极限次数500×104次,极限载荷设置为200N）后未见假体断裂、高度降低。手术节段ROM测定显示,髓核摘除组各向ROM均显著大于完整组（P＜0.05）,ACDF组的各向ROM均显著小于完整组（P＜0.05）,而假体置换组各向ROM均与完整组无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。对于相邻上位节段,假体置换组各向ROM与完整组无明显差异（P＞0.05）,而ACDF组ROM则大于完整组（P＜0.05）。相邻下位节段,假体置换组前屈ROM与完整组相比无明显差异,后伸ROM小于完整组（P＜0.05）,侧屈、扭转时ROM较完整组增加（P＜0.05）,但变化幅度小于ACDF组（P＜0.05）。结论：钛合金金属橡胶人工颈椎间盘假体保留了手术节段活动度,置入后对相邻椎间节段活动度及力学影响小,理论上可以成为较好的颈椎间盘置换假体。     

颈椎椎体间撑开对椎间孔面积影响的实验研究

目的：确定颈椎椎间植骨块撑开高度与椎间孔面积的关系。方法：采用新鲜成人颈椎标本,以椎间盘高度为基础行椎间不同程度对称性撑开。Ｘ线４５°斜位摄片,图像分析计算椎间孔面积。结果：当撑开２～３ｍｍ时,椎间孔面积显著性增大（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：颈椎椎间植骨块撑开的理想高度为高出椎间盘２～３ｍｍ。     

颈椎前路减压人工颈椎间盘置换术与融合术治疗单节段颈椎间盘突出症的短期疗效比较

背景：颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术（ACDF）能够为有症状的颈椎病患者提供较好的治疗效果,但颈椎融合可导致相邻节段椎间盘内部应力增加,加速邻近节段椎间盘的退变。颈椎人工椎间盘置换术（ACDR）作为最具代表性的颈椎前路非融合技术,为颈椎间盘突出症的治疗提供了另外一种外科手段。目的：比较ACDR和ACDF治疗单节段颈椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法：2009年1月至2012年2月,61例单节段颈椎间盘突出症患者接受Discover人工颈椎间盘置换手术（置换组,26例）或ACDF手术（融合组,35例）。分别在术前,术后1周,术后3、6、12及24个月对患者进行疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、日本矫形外科协会（JOA）评分及影像学评估,同时记录患者并发症及二次手术情况。结果：最终,52例患者（融合组29例,置换组23例）获得平均15.3个月（12-24个月）随访。两组患者术后各随访时间点的颈痛、上肢痛VAS和JOA评分,较术前均有改善（P〈0.05）,但两组间无显著统计学差异（P〉0.05）。置换组术后手术节段及邻近节段屈伸活动度与术前比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。融合组融合成功率为90.5%。置换组中2例患者术后6个月时假体有〈3 mm的前移,l例术后发生脑脊液漏。融合组中1例患者发生邻椎病并接受二次手术治疗。结论：单节段Discover人工颈椎间盘置换术和ACDF均可明显缓解颈椎间盘突出症患者的症状。间盘置换还能减少手术邻近节段代偿活动度的增加,有望预防相邻节段退变的发生。     

异种骨椎间融合器椎弓根钉固定腰椎体间融合术的生物力学评价

[目的]评价异种骨椎间融合器行后路腰椎椎体间融合的即刻稳定效果及自身强度.[方法]取16具新鲜成年男性L1～5腰椎标本,分别对完整L1～5（正常组）;模拟后路间盘L3、4摘除置融合器（对照1组）;模拟后路间盘L3、4、L4、5摘除置融合器（对照2组）;模拟后路间盘L3、4摘除置融合器附加椎弓根钉固定（对照3组）;模拟后路间盘L3、4、L4、5摘除置融合器附加椎弓根钉固定（对照4组）进行前屈、后伸、扭转、轴向压缩和腰椎移位时融合器的最大拨出力及粘弹性实验研究.[结果]显示椎间融合器植入后腰椎压缩、前屈、后伸、位移和扭转角度较正常组有一定差异,但不显著（P＞0.05）;而椎间植入融合器附加椎弓根固定,压缩、前屈、后伸、位移、扭转角度较正常组差异显著（P＜0.05）.腰椎移位时拨出力实验结果表明,对照1、2融合器植入椎体移位时最大拨出力为1.83KN.对照1、2、3、4组7 200s三应力松驰量和蠕变量较正常组差异不显著（P＞0.05）,对照3、4组初始蠕变量明显低于正常组和（1、2组）.[结论]异种骨椎间融合器具有足够的支撑、抗滑、维持或增加椎间隙高度的功能,符合生物力学及临床要求.     

不同体位X线片上腰椎间孔的变化及在经皮椎间孔镜手术中的意义

目的 :测量腰椎间孔在中立、过伸和过屈侧位X线片上的变化,探讨不同体位下椎间孔的变化以及在经皮椎间孔镜手术中的意义。方法:选取2014年12月~2015年10月因腰腿痛来我院行腰椎X线检查的患者100例,其中男性58例,女性42例;在每位患者腰椎中立、过伸和过屈侧位X线片上测量各腰椎间孔的高度、宽度和腰椎前凸角度,并根据腰椎活动度(中立位-过屈位腰椎前凸角)进行分组(10°、10°~20°及20°组)统计。采用单因素方差分析和Pearson相关分析,比较各椎间孔测量参数在不同体位时的变化,以及各椎间孔高度和宽度的变化与不同腰椎活动度的关系。结果:中立位时,腰椎间孔平均高度为20.2±3.7mm(15.0~22.7mm),宽度为13.7±2.7mm(6.7~10.8mm),自上而下各腰椎间孔高度和宽度呈降低趋势。过伸位时各腰椎间孔高度、宽度较中立位减少,但无显著性差异(P0.05),过屈位时各腰椎间孔高度、宽度较中立位和过伸位增加,并有显著性差异(P0.05)。与腰椎活动度10°和10°~20°两组相比,在腰椎活动度20°组内,L1~L5节段椎间孔高度及L2~L5节段椎间孔宽度显著增加,且有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 :屈曲位时腰椎间孔高度和宽度较中立及过伸位时明显增加,而且椎间孔高度及宽度随着腰椎前屈角度增加而增大。     

下腰椎椎间孔形态与椎间盘高度丢失的相关性研究

目的描述下腰椎椎间孔的形态及椎间盘高度丢失时椎间孔形态的变化。方法取正常的成年新鲜尸体下腰椎标本8具(L3～S1),观察标本在不同状态(椎间盘完整和椎间盘破坏)及不同加载条件(0、300、500N)下L4,5 和L5S1椎间孔的形态及其和神经根的解剖关系,测量椎间孔的高度、最大宽度、最小宽度,于X线侧位片上测量椎间盘前、后高度。结果在未加载的自然状态下,椎间孔上大下小,呈倒置的泪滴形,神经根位于椎间孔上部。在椎间盘完整的状态下,加载500N时,椎间孔形态及其与神经根关系的变化不明显。摘除髓核,随着加载量逐渐增大,椎间孔逐渐缩小、变形,神经根被推挤向同位椎弓根的下缘;椎间孔高度、最大宽度和椎间盘前高、后高逐渐减小,与未加载时比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。经多元线性回归分析,椎间孔高度与椎间盘后高、前高呈线性相关。结论椎间盘高度丢失与椎间孔形态改变关系密切,椎间孔形态改变增加了神经根卡压的危险性。     

Prodisc-C人工颈椎椎间盘置换的临床疗效观察和运动功能评估

目的通过术后随访评价Prodisc-C人工颈椎椎间盘置换术（artificial cervical disc replacement,ACDR）治疗颈椎病的临床疗效及其对颈椎置换节段、邻近节段运动功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2009年8月～2011年2月行Prodisc-C ACDR治疗20例颈椎病患者,其中脊髓型9例、神经根型8例、混合型3例,单椎间盘置换17例、双椎间盘置换3例。患者术前行CT、MRI检查明确诊断,术前和术后定期行疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）和日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）及摄颈椎X线片。结果 13例患者获得6～18个月随访。患者术前颈肩背疼痛、上下肢麻木、肌力减弱等不适症状均明显改善。术后VAS及JOA评分均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;置换节段椎间活动度（range of motion,ROM）在术后1、3、6个月显著增大,与术前相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;在末次随访时仍大于术前,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;上下位邻近节段椎间隙高度和椎间ROM与术前相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。所有病例未见假体松动、移位和异位骨化。结论 Prodisc-C ACDR短期随访疗效优良,置换节段ROM增大,邻近节段椎间隙高度和椎间ROM维持在正常水平,但远期疗效还有待进一步随访观察。     

不同程度椎间盘退变相应椎间孔的影像学变化及其临床意义

目的：从影像学角度研究腰椎间盘不同退变程度时相应椎间孔形态改变的规律,探讨其临床意义。方法：自2006年12月至2008年2月选取37例L4,5椎间盘呈退行性变化的影像学资料（MRI、CT）进行研究,男23例,女14例,年龄28～62岁,平均41.6岁;分别将其矢状位MRIT2WI成像,采用MRI机内Mean/Curve测量软件测量计算L4,5节段退变椎间盘信号强度与相应节段脑脊液平均信号强度比值（RSI）,判断椎间盘退变程度并进行分组。分为3组：轻度退变组11例（A组）,中度退变组13例（B组）,重度退变组13例（C组）。根据CT1.25mm薄层二维旁矢状位重建测量L4,5节段椎间孔的最大高度、最大宽度与面积。分析椎间盘在不同退变程度下相应椎间孔变化规律及可能对神经根状态的影响。结果：①中、轻度退变组椎间孔的最大高度及面积差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,重、中度退变组椎间孔最大高度及面积均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,重、轻度退变组椎间孔最大高度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;②重、中、轻度退变组椎间孔最大宽度差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：随着腰椎间盘退变程度加重相应椎间孔的高度及面积也逐渐减小,而其对椎间孔宽度影响不大;椎间孔高度及面积变小有可能导致神经根受压。     

人工颈椎复合关节系统假体的研制及生物力学评价

目的探讨自行研制的人工颈椎复合关节系统假体的生物力学稳定性、保留节段活动度及其对邻近椎间活动度的影响。方法人工颈椎复合关节系统假体由两端的关节头假体和中间的人工椎体假体三部分组成，通过杵臼关节模拟正常椎体间多轴运动模式，由钴铬钼合金及聚乙烯塑料材料制成。将经甲醛处理后的21具人体下颈椎标本，通过对颈椎进行三维运动分析，比较假体植入、钉板固定和正常状态下手术节段稳定性和活动度及邻近椎间活动度。结果生物力学测试表明，假体植入组下颈椎整体稳定性与正常对照组在前屈、后伸、左右侧弯、左右扭转方面比较差异无统计学意义。节段活动度与正常对照组相比，除在后伸方面有所增大外，在前屈和左右侧弯方面差异无统计学意义，而在前屈、后伸、左右侧弯方面均明显大于钉板固定组。假体植入组邻近上下位椎间活动度与正常颈椎组在前屈、后伸及左右侧弯方面比较差异无统计学意义。结论颈椎椎体次全切除后，应用人工颈椎复合关节假体进行重建不仅能够即刻获得稳定，而且可有效保留节段活动度，同时不会引起邻近节段椎间活动度异常增大。     

颈椎人工椎间盘置换或前路融合内固定术后关节突间压力的改变

目的:通过测量颈椎前路融合内固定或人工椎间盘置换术后关节突间压力的变化,探讨两种手术对颈椎手术节段后部结构的力学影响。方法:6具成年男性新鲜尸体颈椎标本(C2～C7)作为测试对象,分为完整颈椎组、人工椎间盘置换组及前路融合内固定组。在完整颈椎测试后,所有标本先后行C4/5节段Prestige-LP人工椎间盘置换和前路C4/5节段植骨融合固定术后进行测试。将预制的压敏片置于C4/5左侧关节突关节内,标本先给予75N跟随载荷,再持续加载纯力偶进行三维运动测试。屈伸和侧屈最大运动载荷为2.0N·m、旋转最大运动载荷为4.0N·m,测量加载后的运动范围和零运动载荷、最大运动载荷时的关节突间压力。结果:与零运动载荷时相比,在运动加载后完整颈椎组和颈椎人工椎间盘置换组在后伸、左侧屈和右旋时均表现出左侧关节突间压力明显增大(P0.05);但前屈、右侧屈和左旋时左侧关节突间压力变化没有差异;颈椎前路融合内固定组各运动加载后关节突间压力与零运动载荷下压力均无显著性差异(P0.05)。在三个测试组间比较,完整颈椎组和人工椎间盘置换组在各运动载荷下的关节突间压力最为接近;颈椎前路融合内固定组虽然在后伸、左侧屈和右旋时关节突间压力都有减小,但与其他两组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:颈椎人工椎间盘成形术后关节突间压力与正常颈椎相比没有明显改变,可以有效地维持关节突间正常生理压力。     

Cervical kinematics after fusion and bryan disc arthroplasty

INTRODUCTION: Disc arthroplasty has been shown to provide short-term clinical results that are comparable with those attained with traditional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. One proposed benefit of arthroplasty is the ability to prevent or delay adjacent level operations by retaining motion at the target level and eliminating abnormal adjacent activity. This paper compares motion parameters for single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and disc replacement patients at the index level and adjacent segments. METHODS: Radiographic data from patients enrolled in a prospective, randomized clinical trial were selected for kinematic assessment of cervical motion. All patients received either a single-level fusion with allograft and anterior cervical plate (Atlantis anterior cervical plate, n=13) or a single-level artificial cervical disc (Bryan Cervical Disc prosthesis, n=9) at either C5/C6 or C6/C7. Flexion, extension, and neutral lateral radiographs were obtained preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at regular intervals up to 24-month time points. Cervical vertebral bodies were tracked on the digital radiographs using quantitative motion analysis software (QMA, Medical Metrics) to calculate the functional spinal unit motion parameters including range of motion (ROM), translation, and center of rotation. If visible, the functional spinal unit parameters were obtained at the operative level, and also the level above and the level below. RESULTS: As expected, significantly (P<0.006 at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo) more flexion/extension motion was retained in the disc replacement group than the plated group at the index level. The disc replacement group retained an average of 6.7 degrees at 24 months. In contrast, the average ROM in the fusion group was 2.0 degrees at the 3-month follow-up and gradually decreased to 0.6 degrees at 24 months. The flexion/extension ROM both above and below the operative level was not statistically different for the disc-replaced and fusion patients, however, mobility increased for both groups over time. The anterior/posterior translation that occurs with flexion/extension motion remained unchanged for the disc replacement group at the level above the target disc preoperatively and postoperatively. In contrast, the translation increased for the level above the fusion. At the 6-month follow-up, the increase in translation was significantly greater for patients that were fused (P<0.02) than for patients that received a disc replacement. This change was not significant at 12 months. DISCUSSION: Previous studies have shown the Bryan disc to maintain mobility at the level of the prosthesis. The long-term clinical benefit of maintenance of motion is postulated to be the ability to delay or avoid adjacent level operations. This study reveals that there is no difference in flexion/extension ROM at the level above and below either a fusion or Bryan arthroplasty. There is, however, an increase in anterior/posterior translation at the cephalad adjacent level in patients with arthrodesis while the Bryan arthroplasty retains normal translation for the same amount of flexion/extension at the adjacent level. CONCLUSION: The Bryan disc may delay adjacent level degeneration by preserving preoperative kinematics at adjacent levels.     

人工颈椎间盘置换术适应证及疗效探讨

目的 依据影像学评价标准及颈前路手术减压方式的选择探讨颈椎人工椎间盘置换手术的适应证.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2009年7月具有完整资料的175例行颈前路手术的颈椎病及颈椎间盘突出症病例,行融合手术145例,人工椎间盘置换术30例.依据术前影像学评价标准对患者进行不同手术:(1)椎间隙减压融合术;(2)游离型椎间盘突出超过相邻椎体后缘高度1/2者,先通过椎间隙摘除游离的间盘组织碎块,再通过椎体次全切除确认是否将游离的间盘组织碎块完全摘除;(3)椎体次全切减压融合术;(4)ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术.单节段病变的脊髓型颈椎病按融合术及人工椎间盘置换术分组,比较两组日本矫形外科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)脊髓功能评分,评价两种手术方式疗效;统计并分析术前和术后1、3、6、12个月人工椎间盘置换节段运动范围.结果 单纯椎间盘突出、轻度椎间盘钙化、椎体后缘有较小骨赘形成的颈椎病可以通过椎间隙达到彻底减压行人工椎间盘置换术.椎体后缘有巨大骨赘形成、严重椎间盘钙化、相应椎间隙严重狭窄或融合、后纵韧带骨化、广泛的椎管狭窄需行椎体次全切除才能达到彻底减压.JOA评分平均改善率:融合术者为66.05%,人工椎间盘置换术者为67.13%,差异无统计学意义;人工椎间盘置换节段术后1、3、6、12个月运动范围与术前相比差异无统计学意义.结论 颈椎病及颈椎间盘突出症,只要能通过前路椎间隙达到彻底减压就可行人工椎间盘置换术.单节段脊髓型颈椎病行人工椎间盘置换术和前路植骨融合内固定术近期手术疗效均良好,但人工椎间盘置换术使置换节段的运动范围得到保留.     

炎性细胞在腹主动脉瘤形成中的作用

目的研究炎性细胞在腹主动脉瘤（ａｂｄｏｍｉｎａｌａｏｒｔｉｃａｎｅｕｒｙｓｍ,ＡＡＡ）组织中的浸润情况及其作用。方法２０例ＡＡＡ患者的动脉瘤组织及４例正常人腹主动脉组织,分别行弹力纤维和胶原纤维的特殊染色、单抗白细胞共同抗原（ＣＤ４５阳性）和巨噬细胞（ＣＤ６８阳性）的免疫组化染色,了解纤维组织的变化及炎性细胞的浸润程度;原位杂交方法观察ＡＡＡ组织中基质金属蛋白酶（ｍａｔｒｉｘｍｅｔａｌｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎａｓｅｓ,ＭＭＰｓ）之ＭＭＰ９的ｍＲＮＡ表达。结果ＡＡＡ组织均有不同程度的炎性细胞浸润,炎性细胞浸润程度与基质弹力纤维的损伤程度呈平行趋势,正常腹主动脉组织无炎性细胞浸润;原位杂交结果显示２０例ＡＡＡ组织中的巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞均出现ＭＭＰ９ｍＲＮＡ的阳性表达,１３例（６５％）ＡＡＡ组织中的平滑肌细胞出现ＭＭＰ９ｍＲＮＡ的阳性表达。正常腹主动脉组织无ＭＭＰ９ｍＲＮＡ的阳性表达。结论炎性细胞在ＡＡＡ形成中通过复杂的生化、细胞及免疫等过程参与并促进了ＡＡＡ的形成。     

Morphologic changes in the lumbar intervertebral foramen due to flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation: an in vitro anatomic and biomechanical study

STUDY DESIGN: A biomechanical and anatomic study with human cadaveric lumbar spine. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to examine the morphologic changes in the intervertebral foramen during flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation of the lumbar spine and to correlate these changes with the flexibility of the spinal motion segments. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies showed morphologic changes in the intervertebral foramen during flexion and extension; however, those changes during lateral bending and axial rotation were not well known. METHODS: There were 81 motion segments obtained from 39 human cadaveric lumbar spines (mean age 69 years). The motion segments were imaged with CT scanner with 1-mm thick consecutive sections. For biomechanical testing each motion segment was applied with incremental pure moments of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Rotational movements of the motion segment were measured using VICON cameras. After application of the last load, the specimens were frozen under load, and then CT was performed with the same technique described above. Six parameters of the intervertebral foramen were measured, including foraminal width (maximum and minimum), foraminal height, disc bulging, thickness of ligamentum flavum, and cross-sectional area of the foramen. RESULTS: Flexion increased the foraminal width (maximum and minimum), height, and area significantly while significantly decreasing the disc bulging and thickness of ligamentum flavum (P < 0.05). However, extension decreased the foraminal width (maximum and minimum), height, and area significantly. Lateral bending significantly decreased the foraminal width (maximum and minimum), height, and area at the bending side, whereas lateral bending significantly increased the foraminal width (minimum), height, and area at the opposite side of bending. Likewise, axial rotation decreased the foraminal width (minimum) and area at the rotation side significantly while significantly increasing the foraminal height and foraminal area at the opposite side. The percent change in the foraminal area was found significantly correlated with the amount of segmental spinal motion except for the extension motion. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the intervertebral foramen of the lumbar spine changed significantly not only on flexion-extension but also on lateral bending and axial rotation. The percent change in cross-sectional foraminal area was correlated with the amount of segmental motion except for extension motions. Further studies are needed to assess the morphologic changes in the intervertebral foramen in vivo and to correlate clinically.     

帽式颈椎椎间融合器的活体实验研究

目的 本研究在活体山羊颈椎上从椎间支撑能力、二期生物力学稳定性及椎间融合组织学方面比较三面皮质骨、Harms椎间融合器（cage）、Carboncage及自行所研制的帽式颈椎椎间融合器（hat　type　cervical　intervertebral　fusion　cage,HCIFC）的术后效果。方法　取32头山羊随机平均分为4组：第1组自体三面皮质髂骨;第2组Harmscage;第3组Carboncage;第4组HCIFC。分别行C3,4椎间盘切除术并分别植入以上内植物。术后共观察12周并测量平均椎间高度（DSH）、椎间角（IVA）及前凸角（LA）,处死后进行影像学、生物力学及组织学评估。结果 术后1周方盒形HCIFC、Carboncage组的平均DSH、IVA及LA要显著大于垂直圆柱体Harmscage和三面皮质骨组（P〈0．05）;术后12周时3个cage组的平均DSH、IVA及LA显著高于三面皮质骨组（P〈0．05）。垂直圆柱体Harmscage轴向旋转和侧屈时平均刚度显著大于其他组（P〈0．001）,轴向旋转时的最大活动度要显著低于其他组（P〈0．05）。与三面皮质骨组相比,3个cage组的椎间融合效果略好。结论HCIFC的椎间支撑能力、生物力学性能及椎间融合效果均适合于临床使用。     

In vivo experimental study of hat type cervical intervertebral fusion cage (HCIFC)

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of interbody fusion achieved using the hat type cervical intervertebral fusion cage (HCIFC) with those of an autologous tricortical iliac crest graft, Harms cage and the carbon cage in a goat cervical spine model. Thirty-two goats underwent C3-4 discectomy and fusion. They were subdivided into four groups of eight goats each: group 1, autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft; group 2, Harms cage filled with autologous iliac crest graft; group 3, carbon cage filled with autologous iliac bone; and group 4, HCIFC filled with autologous iliac graft. Radiography was performed pre- and postoperatively and after one, two, four, eight and 12 weeks. At the same time points, disc space height, intervertebral angle, and lordosis angle were measured. After 12 weeks, the goats were killed and fusion sites were harvested. Biomechanical testing was performed in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending to determine the stiffness and range of motion. All cervical fusion specimens underwent histomorphological analyses. One week after operation, the disc space height (DSH), intervertebral angle (IVA) and lordosis angle (LA) of HCIFC and carbon cage were statistically greater than those of autologous iliac bone graft and Harms cage. Significantly higher values for DSH, IVA and LA were shown in cage-treated goats than in those that received bone graft over a 12-week period. The stiffness of Harms cage in axial rotation and lateral bending were statistically greater than that of other groups. Radiographic and histomorphological evaluation showed better fusion results in the cage groups than in the autologous bone group. HCIFC can provide a good intervertebral distractability and sufficient biomechanical stability for cervical fusion.     

前路减压植骨内固定术治疗多节段颈椎病的临床分析

[目的]探讨多节段颈椎病前路椎间盘切除减压植骨内固定术的临床应用价值。[方法]对30例多节段颈椎病患者,采用前路多节段椎间盘切除减压植骨内固定术治疗,观察患者临床表现、神经功能改善、椎间隙高度、颈椎生理曲度恢复和矫形重建。[结果]所有患者术后JOA评分均有改善,颈椎Cobb角、D值和椎间高度术后与术前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。术后X线片均显示融合节段融合。[结论]多节段颈椎病如果致压物来自前方,没有后纵韧带骨化,经前路多节段椎间盘切除减压植骨内固定术治疗,临床效果满意。     

角度人工椎间盘置换后对相邻下位椎间隙应力的影响

目的：探讨带角度人工颈椎间盘置换后椎间隙及相邻椎间隙应力变化。方法：根据已有的测量结果,设计角度人工椎间盘。对已建立的C4,5两节段带椎间盘的正常颈椎有限元模型、C4,5置换0°椎间盘假体和置换10°椎间盘假体后的颈椎模型进行轴向加压、前屈/后伸、侧弯、扭转加载,对比观察C4,5椎间隙应力变化;对已建立的C4-C63节段带椎间盘的正常颈椎有限元模型、C4,5置换0°椎间盘假体和置换10°椎间盘假体后的颈椎模型同样方式进行加载,对比置换节段及相邻节段的椎间隙应力变化。结果：C4,5两节模型加载中,轴向加载、前屈/后伸时80 MPa/0°假体与80 MPa/10°假体等效剪应力（Se）大小近似,较正常颈椎增大,侧弯时80 MPa/0°假体Se与正常颈椎接近,80 MPa/10°假体Se较正常颈椎增大。扭转时加载时扭转切应力（Szx/Szy）80 MPa/0°假体和80 MPa/10°假体接近正常颈椎。在C4-C63节段模型加载时,C4,5椎间隙置换80 MPa/10°假体后,轴向加载、前屈后伸、侧弯时,相邻下位节段（C5,6）的椎间隙Se均减小,扭转加载时Szx/Szy接近正常颈椎模型。结论：10°椎间盘假体植入椎间隙对颈椎相邻节段的椎间隙应力影响小,接近正常颈椎间盘力学性能。     

两种手术方法治疗单节段颈椎病的疗效观察

目的探讨单节段颈椎前路减压后有无必要在椎间融合器(Cage)植入基础上加用钢板固定。方法自2006-08-2010-08对55例实行单节段颈椎前路减压手术的颈椎病患者进行随访。根据手术方式分2组:A组21例行颈椎前路减压单纯Cage植骨,B组34例行颈椎前路减压Cage植骨加钢板内固定。根据手术情况、症状改善情况及影像学资料对两组患者作分析比较。结果手术时间和出血量两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),放射性暴露时间两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后JOA评分改善率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后融合率两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组颈椎生理曲度术后明显改善(P<0.01);术后随访1年时颈椎的生理前凸丢失程度两组间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。两组椎间高度术后改善明显(P<0.01);术后随访1年椎间高度丢失程度两组有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论单节段颈椎前路减压单纯Cage植骨融合和加用钢板固定两种手术方式都是安全、可靠的,加用钢板有助于保持椎间高度及颈椎生理曲度、减少椎间隙塌陷和促进融合。