腹腔镜远端胃D2根治术的临床分析

<正>近年来,随着微创外科(MIS)技术的发展,腹腔镜手术越来越流行于治疗一些恶性疾病,尤其是在治疗胃肿瘤方面,特别是针对远端胃。我院自2011年1月至2013年5月行腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术远端胃切除术117例,观察其临床疗效。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组117例,男71例,女46例;年龄37⁸1〔平均(59±22)〕岁;肿瘤部位:胃窦及幽门区癌63例,胃角39     

保留迷走神经胃癌D2淋巴结清扫术

<正>以往在实施胃癌根治术时会将迷走神经损伤切断,常导致术后腹腔脏器及消化道激素分泌异常,而胆囊疾病、胆石症、胃肠道功能障碍及腹泻的发生率也随之增加〔1〕。如实施胃癌根治术的同时保留迷走神经对于控制胃排空功能、防止倾倒综合征、降低胆石症及胆汁反流发生率及改善生活质量(QOL)具有重要意义。我科自2010年1月至2011年9月对129例患者实施保留迷走神经的胃癌根治术〔2〕,术后恢复良好,效果满意。     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床应用观察（附56例报告）

目的观察腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床疗效。方法对56例胃癌患者行腹腔镜胃癌根治术,其中行根治性近、远端胃大部切除术分别为17、29例,根治性全胃切除10例。结果56例均成功完成腹腔镜胃癌根治手术。手术用时（276±29）min,术中失血量为（238±97）ml,清扫淋巴结（20.7±9.7）枚,术后肠道功能恢复时间为（3.6±1.2）d。术后发生并发症3例,经保守治疗后痊愈,无手术死亡病例。术后失访4例,余随访1～34个月,3例死亡,3例带瘤生存,其他未发现肿瘤复发或转移。结论腹腔镜胃癌根治术创伤小、患者恢复快,近期疗效满意。     

腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术35例报道

腹腔镜胃癌根治术在日本、韩国等国家已得到了广泛开展,成为胃癌根治术的常规术式之一,前瞻性研究报道腹腔镜手术与开腹手术具有相近的5年生存率。我院自2006年6月至2009年8月已完成腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术（D2）35例,现报道如下。     

胃癌侵犯胃裸区与CD34、VEGF、VEGF-C表达的关系及临床意义

目的:检测胃癌组织中CD34、VEGF、VEGF-C表达情况,探讨CD34、VEGF、VEGF-C表达与胃癌是否侵犯胃裸区的关系及临床意义.方法:将72例胃癌组织分成胃裸区受侵组与未受侵组,采用免疫组化方法测定其CD34、VEGF、VEGF-C表达情况.结果:胃裸区受侵组与未受侵组胃癌组织的CD34(61.67±21.33 vs 60.79±22.04)、VEGF(27/32 vs 28/40)、VEGF-C(23/32 vs 26/40)的表达无明显差异,近侧胃癌中,胃裸区受侵组与未受侵组胃癌组织的CD34(62.48±20.12 vs 61.79±23.68)、VEGF(23/30 vs 6/9)、VEGF-C(20/30 vs 6/9)的表达无明显差异.结论:胃裸区是否受侵与胃癌组织的CD34、VEGF、VEGF-C的表达无关,胃裸区这一解剖结构可能是胃癌预后较差的原因.     

腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术与传统开腹手术治疗早期胃癌的疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术与传统开腹手术治疗早期胃癌的临床效果。方法选取该院2013-11~2014-11收治的72例早期胃癌患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组(36例)和观察组(36例)。对照组行传统开腹手术治疗;观察组于腹腔镜下行远端胃癌根治术治疗。统计两组患者手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、恢复半流质时间及住院天数,观察两组患者术后并发症发生情况,随访12个月,了解患者术后复发、癌细胞转移及存活情况。结果观察组手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量[(168.8±30.9)min、(6.6±2.3)cm、(131.8±63.4)ml]和术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、恢复半流质时间及住院天数[(2.9±1.4)、(2.4±0.9)、(7.4±1.6)及(10.7±3.6)d]均短于或少于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者术后并发症发生率(8.3%)较对照组(27.6%)低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访12个月,两组患者均无肿瘤局部复发、癌细胞转移及死亡病例,存活率为100.0%。结论腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术治疗早期胃癌可获得与开腹手术相同的效果,但其手术时间短,术中出血量少,有利于患者术后尽早恢复,优势更显著。     

重视标准D2胃癌根治术中No.8淋巴结清扫

临床研究证实进展期胃癌No. 8淋巴结的转移发生率较高.能否彻底清扫No. 8淋巴结将会影响胃癌的R0切除率和术后复发率. No. 8淋巴结清扫的范围与程度仍存在争议.本文就标准D2胃癌根治术中No. 8淋巴结清扫的相关问题作一综述.     

达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术与开腹胃癌根治术治疗胃癌近期疗效的对比研究

目的比较达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术与开腹胃癌根治术治疗胃癌的近期疗效。方法选取2014年1月—2016年6月解放军总医院普通外科收治的胃癌患者97例,其中50例患者行开腹胃癌根治术(对照组)、47例患者行达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术(观察组)。比较两组患者手术相关指标、病理学检查结果、术后情况,术前1 d及术后1、3、7 d外周血中性粒细胞计数(N)、淋巴细胞计数(L)及中性粒细胞计数与淋巴细胞计数比值(N/L),并观察两组患者术后并发症发生情况。结果两组患者手术类型、淋巴结清扫数目、近端切缘距肿瘤距离、远端切缘距肿瘤距离、肿瘤大小及分化程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者手术时间长于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后首次进食时间和术后首次排气时间早于对照组,住院费用多于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多变量重复测量方差分析结果显示,时间和方法在N、L及N/L上无交互作用(P>0.05);时间在N、L及N/L上主效应显著(P<0.05);方法在N、L及N/L上主效应不显著(P>0.05)。术后1、3、7 d两组患者N、L及N/L比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术与开腹胃癌根治术对细胞免疫的抑制作用及安全性相当,但达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术具有术中出血量少、术后患者胃肠功能恢复快等优势及手术时间长、手术费用高等不足。     

Ⅱ～Ⅲ期胃癌患者根治术中淋巴结清扫区域与预后的关系及其危险因素分析

目的:探讨Ⅱ～Ⅲ期胃癌患者根治术中淋巴结清扫区域与远期复发、死亡的关系,并分析其影响因素。方法:对安徽省肿瘤医院胃肠肿瘤外科2014年3月-2017年7月收治的251例实施根治术的Ⅱ～Ⅲ期胃癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计淋巴结清扫区域,对比不同淋巴结清扫区域组患者术后1、2、3年的复发和死亡情况,采用logistic回归分析明确Ⅱ～Ⅲ期胃癌患者根治术后3年复发和转移的危险因素。结果:术中不同淋巴结清扫区域患者的术后1、2、3年复发率、病死率比较均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),淋巴结清扫D2区、D3区组术后1、2、3年复发率、病死率均低于淋巴结清扫D1区组(均P<0.05);在复发、死亡者中,年龄≥60岁、Ⅲ期、有淋巴结转移占比均高于未复发者、存活者,术中淋巴结清扫D2、D3区均低于未复发者、存活者,均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。经logistic回归分析,年龄≥60岁、Ⅲ期、有淋巴结转移均是影响患者术后3年复发和死亡的独立危险因素(OR=2.246、2.565、2.472,均P<0.05;OR=4.158、2.686、2.654,均P<...     

CD27+ γδT淋巴细胞与远端胃癌根治术后患者临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的 探究CD27⁺γδT淋巴细胞与远端胃癌根治术后患者的临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法 选择2019年3月至2020年3月在十堰市国药东风总医院接受根治性手术的102例远端胃癌患者,收集术后胃癌组织和癌旁组织标本,制备单细胞悬液。记录患者的临床病理资料,采用流式细胞术检测CD27⁺γδT细胞表达。术后对所有患者进行为期2年的随访,记录总生存期(OS)。分析胃癌组织中CD27⁺γδT淋巴细胞表达与患者临床病理特征的相关性。采用Kaplan-Meier法分析胃癌组织中CD27⁺γδT淋巴细胞表达与患者预后的关系。采用ROC曲线分析CD27⁺γδT淋巴细胞表达判断患者预后的效能。结果 远端胃癌根治术后患者的胃癌组织中CD27⁺γδT淋巴细胞的占比显著高于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、高分化、有淋巴结转移患者的胃癌组织中CD27⁺γδT淋巴细胞占比分别高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、未分化及低/中分化、无淋巴结转移患者,组间差异均有统计学意义(P...     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for cancers of the remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of early gastric cancer is less invasive than surgical resection, and if technically feasible, it may result in less long-term morbidity than does incisional surgery. However, ESD is technically difficult in patients who have had a previous distal gastrectomy. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to retrospectively assess the results of ESD of early gastric cancer in the remnant stomach. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING AND PATIENTS: A total of 31 lesions in 30 patients with early remnant gastric cancer were treated with ESD at Okayama University Hospital, Tsuyama Central Hospital, Hiroshima City Hospital, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, and Mitoyo General Hospital from March 2001 to January 2007. INTERVENTION: ESD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: En bloc resection rate, complete resection rate, operation time, and complications. RESULTS: En bloc resection and complete resection were achieved in 30 (97%) and in 23 (74%) lesions, respectively. The median operation time required for ESD in the remnant stomach was 113 minutes (range 45-450 minutes). Perforation occurred in 4 (13%). The incidence of delayed bleeding requiring blood transfusion was 0%. LIMITATION: Short duration of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: ESD is feasible in the remnant stomach but has a relatively high complication rate and should only be performed by experienced endoscopists.     

D2 dissection in laparoscopic and open gastrectomy for gastric cancer

AIM: To evaluate the radicalness and safety of laparoscopic D2 dissection for gastric cancer. METHODS: Clinicopathological data from 209 patients with gastric cancer, who underwent radical gastrectomy with D2 dissection between January 2007 and February 2011, were analyzed retrospectively. Among these patients, 131 patients underwent laparoscopyassisted gastrectomy (LAG) and 78 underwent open gastrectomy (OG). The parameters analyzed included operative time, blood loss, blood transfusion, morbidity, mortality, the number of harvested lymph nodes (HLNs), and pathological stage.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in sex, age, types of radical resection [radical proximal gastrectomy (PG + D2), radical distal gastrectomy (DG + D2) and radical total gastrectomy (TG + D2)], and stages between the LAG and OG groups (P 0.05). Among the two groups, 127 cases (96.9%) and 76 cases (97.4%) had 15 or more HLNs, respectively. The average number of HLNs was 26.1 ± 11.4 in the LAG group and 24.2 ± 9.3 in the OG group (P = 0.233). In the same type of radical resection, there were no signifi cant differences in the number of HLNs between the two groups (PG + D2: 21.7 ± 7.5 vs 22.4 ± 9.3; DG + D2: 25.7 ± 11.0 vs 22.3 ± 7.9; TG + D2: 30.9 ± 13.4 vs 29.3 ± 10.4; P 0.05 for all comparisons). Tumor free margins were obtained in all cases. Compared with OG group, the LAG group had signifi cantly less blood loss, but a longer operation time (P 0.001). The morbidity of the LAG group was 9.9%, which was not signifi cantly different from the OG group (7.7%) (P = 0.587). The mortality was zero in both groups. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic D2 dissection is equivalent to OG in the number of HLNs, regardless of tumor location. Thus, this procedure can achieve the same radicalness as OG.     

Gastric cancer arising from the remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy: A review

Gastric stump carcinoma was initially reported by Balfore in 1922, and many reports of this disease have since been published. We herein review previous reports of gastric stump carcinoma with respect to epidemiology, carcinogenesis, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, clinicopathologic characteristics and endoscopic treatment. In particular, it is noteworthy that no prognostic differences are observed between gastric stump carcinoma and primary upper third gastric cancer. In addition, endoscopic submucosal dissection has recently been used to treat gastric stump carcinoma in the early stage. In contrast, many issues concerning gastric stump carcinoma remain to be clarified, including molecular biological characteristics and the carcinogenesis of H. pylori infection. We herein review the previous pertinent literature and summarize the characteristics of gastric stump carcinoma reported to date.     

远端胃切除术后残胃早期癌行内镜黏膜下剥离术的研究现状分析

远端胃切除术后残胃发生早期癌行内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）治疗可避免外科手术的巨大创伤及远期并发症,获得理想的生存预后及生活质量。本文综合既往研究发现,远端胃切除术后不同消化道重建方式的内镜手术特点不同,但总体上残胃早期癌ESD难度大,并发症发生率高,并且残胃不同部位病变的ESD手术难度不同,手术用刀的选择及技巧特点各异。对于远端胃切除术后残胃发现早期癌的病例,需在充分评估与筛选后由内镜手术经验丰富的医师进行ESD切除,而术区病变浸润深度的判断以及不同消化道重建方式下ESD手术特点的不同则有待更多的研究与探索。     

Gastric cancer surgery in cirrhotic patients： Result of gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection

AIM: To explore the feasibility of performing gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS: A total of 7 178 patients were admitted with a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis from January 1993 to December 2003. We reviewed the records of 142 patients who were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and gastric adenocarcinoma during the same period. Gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for carcinoma of the stomach was performed in 94 patients with histologically proven hepatic cirrhosis. RESULTS: All but 12 patients were classified as Child's class A. Only 35 patients (37.2%) were diagnosed with cirrhosis before operation. Seventy-three patients underwent a subtotal gastrectomy (77.7%) and 21 patients (22.3%) underwent a total gastrectomy, each with D2 or more lymph node dissection. Two patients (3.8%) who had prophylactic intra-operative drain placement, died of postoperative complications from hepatorenal failure with intractable ascites. Thirty-seven patients (39.4%) experienced postoperative complications. The extent of gastric resection did not influence the morbidity whereas serum aspartate aminotransferase level (P=0.011) and transfusion did (P=0.008). The most common postoperative complication was ascites (13.9%) followed by wound infection (10.6%). CONCLUSION: We concluded that the presence of compensated cirrhosis, i.e. Child class A, is not a contraindication against gastrectomy with D2 or more lymph node dissection, when curative resection for gastric cancer is possible. Hepatic reserve and meticulous hemostasis are the likely determinants of operative prognosis.     

Gastric cancer surgery in cirrhotic patients: Result of gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection

AIM: To explore the feasibility of performing gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS: A total of 7 178 patients were admitted with a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis from January 1993 to December 2003. We reviewed the records of 142 patients who were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and gastric adenocarcinoma during the same period. Gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for carcinoma of the stomach was performed in 94 patients with histologically proven hepatic cirrhosis.RESULTS: All but 12 patients were classified as Child's class A. Only 35 patients (37.2%) were diagnosed with cirrhosis before operation. Seventy-three patients underwent a subtotal gastrectomy (77.7%) and 21 patients (22.3%)underwent a total gastrectomy, each with D2 or more lymph node dissection. Two patients (3.8%) who had prophylactic intra-operative drain placement, died of postoperative complications from hepatorenal failure with intractable ascites. Thirty-seven patients (39.4%) experienced postoperative complications. The extent of gastric resection did not influence the morbidity whereas serum aspartate aminotransferase level (P = 0.011) and transfusion did (P= 0.008). The most common postoperative complication was ascites (13.9%) followed by wound infection (10.6%).CONCLUSION: We concluded that the presence of compensated cirrhosis, i.e. Child class A, is not a contraindication against gastrectomy with D2 or more lymph node dissection, when curative resection for gastric cancer is possible. Hepatic reserve and meticulous hemostasis are the likely determinants of operative prognosis.     

Laparoscopic versus open total gastrectomy with D2 dissection for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis

Objective

To elucidate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic total gastrectomy with D2 dissection (LTGD2) for gastric cancer in comparison with open total gastrectomy with D2 dissection (OTGD2).

Background

More surgeons have chosen laparoscopic total gastrectomy as an alternative to open total gastrectomy. But no meta-analysis has been performed to evaluate the value of LTGD2.

Methods

Original articles compared LTGD2 and OTGD2 for gastric cancer, which published in English from January 1990 to March 2013 were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Knowledge by two reviewers independently. Operative time, blood loss, harvested lymph nodes, analgesic medication, first flatus day, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, and hospital mortality were compared using STATA version 10.1.

Results

8 studies were selected in this analysis. A total of 1,498 patients were included (559 in LTG and 939 in OTG). LTGD2 showed longer operative time (WMD 39.29; 95 % CI 20.52, 58.06; P < 0.001), less blood loss (WMD ?157.94; 95 % CI ?245.25 ?70.62; P < 0.001), fewer analgesic requirements (WMD ?2.01; 95 % CI ?3.10, ?0.93; P < 0.001), earlier passage of flatus (WMD ?0.73; 95 % CI ?1.19, ?0.27; P = 0.002), earlier hospital discharge (WMD ?2.69; 95 % CI ?3.42, ?1.97; P < 0.001), and reduced postoperative morbidity (RR 0.70; 95 % CI 0.50, 0.98; P = 0.035). The number of harvested lymph nodes (WMD 0.27; 95 % CI ?1.43, 1.98; P = 0.752) and hospital mortality rate (RR 0.57; 95 % CI 0.11, 3.09; P = 0.513) were similar.

Conclusion

LTGD2 was associated with less blood loss, less postoperative pain, quicker bowel function recovery, shorter hospital stay, and reduced postoperative morbidity, at the expense of longer operative time. No statistical differences were observed in lymph node dissection, and hospital mortality, which indicated the similar ability of lymph nodes clearance and short-term outcomes with OTGD2. A positive trend was indicated toward LTGD2. So we encourage the experienced surgeons to achieve LTGD2 instead of OTGD2. Whereas, due to non-randomized control trails and lack of long-term outcomes, more studies are required.     

Clinical significance of hiatal hernia in the development of gastroesophageal reflux after distal gastrectomy for cancer of the stomach

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and sliding hernia is controversial, especially following distal partial gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and sliding hernia of the esophagus after distal gastrectomy using the gastroesophageal scintigraphy and endoscopy. METHODS: Forty-five distal gastrectomy patients diagnosed with cancer of the stomach were studied. Twenty-five patients presented with reflux symptoms, such as heartburn and/or regurgitation and 20 patients exhibited no reflux symptoms. All of the patients were examined by gastroesophageal scintigraphy and their reflux indices were determined. Thirty-eight of the patients underwent upper endoscopy and both sliding hernias and reflux symptoms were classified as mild or severe. RESULTS: Sliding hernias were diagnosed in all of the subjects and 65.8% of the patients exhibited reflux symptoms. Evidence of endoscopic esophagitis was noted in only 39.5% of the patients. The reflux indices for the mild and severe hernia groups were 5.03 +/- 2.2 and 10.3 +/- 6.4, respectively (P < 0.05). More severely symptomatic esophagitis was prevalent in the severe hernia group in comparison to the mild group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the onset of gastroesophageal reflux after distal gastrectomy is induced by the surgical procedures and that hiatal hernia may be an important factor in the etiology of reflux esophagitis.