槲皮素对大鼠主动脉环的舒张作用及机制

目的:探讨槲皮素(Que)对大鼠离体胸主动脉环的舒张作用及其舒张机制.方法:采用离体血管环技术制备大鼠胸主动脉环,使用累积加药法,检测Que对去甲肾上腺素预收缩的胸主动脉环张力的影响.结果:Que对离体大鼠内皮完整和去内皮的胸主动脉环均呈剂量依赖性扩血管作用.在小剂量Que(1×10-6,3×10-6,1×10-5mol/L)浓度,内皮完整和去内皮胸主动脉环的扩血管作用之间差异无显著统计学意义,但在较大剂量Que (3×10-5,6×10-5mol/L),去内皮后其舒血管作用显著性减弱(P<0.05).用环氧合酶抑制剂吲哚美辛,钙激活钾通道抑制剂CHTX分别预处理后,Que在各剂量组引起的舒张血管作用与不加阻滞剂比较无统计学意义(P>0.05).用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAME预处理后,Que在较大剂量(3×10-5,6×10-5mol/L)引起的舒张血管作用明显减低,与不加阻滞剂比较,有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论:槲皮素具有剂量依赖性的舒张血管作用.其舒张作用与前列腺素、钙激活钾通道无关,而与内皮一氧化氮有关.     

镉对家兔血管平滑肌收缩活动的影响

目的 :探讨镉对家兔血管平滑肌收缩活动的影响。方法 :制备离体家兔胸主动脉血管平滑肌条 ,按累积浓度法于灌流液中依次加入 10mmol/L、2 0mmol/L、4 0mmol/L和 80mmol/LKCl溶液 ,每个浓度点肌条达最大收缩反应后 ,再分别按累积浓度加入CdCl2 2× 10 -7mol/L、2× 10 -5mol/L、2× 10 -3 mol/L ,测量计算每个浓度下肌条最大收缩百分比 ,绘制量 效曲线。在KCl2× 10 -5mmol/L条件下 ,分别给予不同浓度CdCl2 使血管平滑肌条产生最大舒张效应 ,再按累积浓度法加入 0 .5mmol/L、1.0mmol/L和 2 .0mmol/LCaCl2 溶液进行干预 ,测量每个浓度下肌条长度。结果 :Cd2 + 能舒张已为高K+ 收缩的主动脉条 ,使KCl的量 效曲线非平行右移 ,最大效应降低 ;而且可被CaCl2所拮抗 ,2 .0mmol/LCaCl2 浓度组肌条长度与干预前比较明显缩短 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :镉可抑制家兔血管平滑肌的收缩活动 ,其扩血管机制可能与阻断钙通道作用有关 ,也可能是Cd2 + 对血管平滑肌细胞的作用部位不同所致 ,或与动物的种属、实验方法、药物剂量有关。     

羟基红花黄色素A的血管作用及其机制研究

目的 探讨羟基红花黄色素A(HSYA)对离体大鼠胸主动脉环收缩功能的影响及其机制.方法 采用生物信号采集系统记录灌流大鼠胸主动脉环张力变化,观察HSYA(1×10-6～1×10-4 mol/L)对苯肾上腺素(PE)(1×10-6～1×10-4 mol/L)、KCl(6×10-2 mol/L)和CaCl2(1×10-5～3×10-3 mol/L)收缩血管功能的影响,并观察钌红(RR)或肝素(HP)预处理对HSYA作用的影响.结果 HSYA抑制KCl、PE对完整内皮和去内皮血管环的收缩作用,且呈浓度依赖性.HSYA可使CaCl2量-效曲线下移,呈浓度依赖性.HSYA+HP抑制血管收缩的作用比单用HSYA明显(P<0.05),与HP相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HSYA+RR抑制血管收缩的作用与单用RR或HSYA比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 HSYA的血管作用可能是通过抑制Ca2+内流和减小Ca2+浓度实现的.     

五味子醇甲对大鼠离体胸主动脉环作用研究

目的:研究五味子醇甲对大鼠离体胸主动脉环的舒张作用并探讨其可能机制。方法:应用离体血管环灌流模型观察五味子醇甲对大鼠胸主动脉环张力的作用,记录苯肾上腺素(PE,1×10-6mol/L)预收缩大鼠离体胸主动脉环的张力变化。采用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME,3×10-4mol/L)、鸟嘌呤环化酶抑制剂1H-[1,2,4]二唑[4,3-α]喹喔啉-1-酮(ODQ,1×10-5mol/L)、环氧合酶抑制剂吲哚美辛(INDO,1×10-5mol/L)预孵后,观察五味子醇甲对血管张力变化的影响,并观察对PE诱发的内钙释放和Ca Cl2引起的外钙内流的影响。结果:在不改变基础张力的条件下,五味子醇甲对PE预收缩的内皮完整和去内皮大鼠离体胸主动脉环均有明显的舒张作用,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预先用L-NAME、ODQ孵育后,五味子醇甲的舒张血管作用减弱,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);用INDO孵育后,五味子醇甲的舒张血管作用较对照组无明显变化;且五味子醇甲对Ca Cl2引起的收缩有明显抑制作用。结论:五味子醇甲可浓度依赖性抑制由PE引起的血管收缩,并具有内皮依赖性和非内皮依赖性。内皮依赖性机制可能与一氧化氮-环磷酸鸟苷(NO-c GMP)途径有关,非内皮依赖性机制可能与抑制血管平滑肌上的受体依赖性钙通道,降低外钙内流有关。     

白桦脂酸改善氧化应激损伤大鼠血管的内皮依赖性舒张功能

目的:研究白桦脂酸(betulinic acid,BA)舒张血管效应及抗血管氧化应激损伤的血管保护作用,并探讨其内在机制.方法:取胸主动脉进行离体灌流,用累积加药法观察BA对苯肾上腺素(phenylephrine,PE)预收缩的内皮完整血管环和去内皮血管环的舒张作用,并将血管随机分为正常对照组、BA对照组、H2O2组和BA+H2O2组,并在用PE预收缩后,检测血管环对乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,ACh)诱导的内皮依赖性舒张反应,血管环张力变化均通过PowerLab生物信号采集系统记录.结果:BA浓度依赖性(10-7 mol/L～10-4 mol/L)舒张PE(10-6 mol/L)预收缩的内皮完整胸主动脉环,pD2值为5.61±0.18,半数有效浓度(EC50)为(2.45×10-6 )mol/L;一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME,10-4 mol/L)预处理抑制了该作用,而用吲哚美辛(10-5 mol/L)预处理则无抑制作用.但对PE预收缩的去内皮血管BA无明显舒张作用.H2O2(5×10-4 mol/L)孵育15 min,能降低ACh(10-9 mol/L～10-5 mol/L)诱导的血管舒张作用;EC50的BA孵育30 min,能抑制H2O2氧化应激损伤所致的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能下降.结论:BA具有内皮依赖性舒张血管作用,BA可以减轻H2O2诱导的大鼠胸主动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能降低,这可能与其降低血管内皮氧化应激,维持血管内皮一氧化氮活性有关.     

黄芪舒张血管平滑肌的作用及机制

目的:探讨黄芪对血管平滑肌的舒张作用及其机制.方法:采用大鼠离体胸主动脉环灌流模型.在去除血管环内皮后,观察累积浓度黄芪对基础状态(基础组)、苯肾上腺素(PE)预收缩(苯肾上腺素组)、氯化钾预收缩(氯化钾组)的血管环的作用和黄芪对经无钙液(无钙液组)、无钙液加肝素(肝素组)、普萘洛尔(普萘洛尔组)预处理后的血管环的作用.结果:在血管内皮被去除后,黄芪对基础状态或氯化钾预收缩的血管环无影响;当黄芪浓度累积达(10-1、3×10-1、100、3×100)g/L时,对PE(3×10-7mol/L)预收缩的血管环产生剂量依赖性舒张作用(P<0.05).经无钙液预处理后,黄芪(3×100 g/L)对血管环的舒张作用未被阻断;但经无钙液加肝素预处理后,该作用被显著抑制(P<0.01);而普萘洛尔预处理不影响黄芪对PE预收缩血管环的舒张作用.结论:黄芪对去除内皮的血管具有舒张作用.其机制可能与阻断血管平滑肌细胞内质网上的三磷酸肌醇敏感的钙离子通道,抑制内钙的释放有关.     

血凝酶对大鼠离体胸主动脉环收缩作用的影响

目的:研究血凝酶(Reptilase,RTA)对离体大鼠胸主动脉的收缩作用与机制。方法:制备离体大鼠胸主动脉环,经生物信号采集与分析系统测定血管环的张力变化。分有内皮组和去内皮组,采用累计加药法,观察血凝酶对去氧肾上腺素(PE)和氯化钾(KCl)预收缩的胸主动脉环收缩张力的影响。结果:血凝酶对PE预收缩的胸主动脉环产生浓度依赖性的收缩作用,对内皮完整PE预收缩血管环组显著高于去内皮组;而对KCl预收缩的胸主动脉环张力无显著影响;在内皮完整的血管,预孵内皮素转化酶抑制剂磷阿米酮(phosphoramidone,5×10-6mmol/L,PAMD)后,血凝酶对PE预收缩张力明显低于未孵育组(P<0.01);在去内皮的血管环上,应用EDTA(3mmol/L)螯合细胞外Ca2+或LaCl3(100μmol/L)后,可明显阻断血凝酶对PE预收缩作用(P<0.01)。结论:血凝酶对PE预收缩的胸主动脉环的收缩作用呈浓度依赖性,其机制可能为有内皮细胞途径参与,促进内皮素释放,对PE缩血管产生协同效应;还可能与血管平滑肌上有受体操纵性钙通道(receptor-operated calcium chan-nel,ROCC)[1]参与,增加血管平滑肌钙内流有关。     

普萘洛尔对兔门静脉收缩反应的影响

本文采用离体兔门静脉环的方法,观察了普萘洛尔(Propranolol,Pro)和维拉帕米(Verapamil,Ver)对门静脉血管的作用。结果表明,Pro对兔门静脉环正常张力无影响。Pro和Ver使兔门静脉环KCl和C_αC_2量效曲线非平行右移,最大反应压低,显示非竞争性拮抗的两种曲线。显著抑制高K~+去极化所致门静脉环的收缩作用。此外Pro100μmol/L和Ver10μmol/L显著抑制兔门静脉条的自律性收缩,而实验证明这种收缩是钙依赖性的。提示较大剂量的Pro可能通过阻断细胞膜上电压依赖通道而发挥钙拮抗作用。     

槲皮素与芦丁对离体大鼠主动脉环的舒张作用及机制

目的:比较研究槲皮素与芦丁对离体大鼠胸主动脉环的作用及其可能的途径。方法:采用累积加药法,检测槲皮素和芦丁对去氧肾上腺素(pheny lephrine,PE)预收缩的胸主动脉环张力的影响。结果:槲皮素对离体大鼠内皮完整和去内皮的胸主动脉环均有浓度依赖性的舒张作用,而芦丁对PE预收缩血管的舒张作用是内皮依赖性的。槲皮素和芦丁对内皮完整的胸主动脉环的最大舒张反应分别为(77.20±6.11)%和(44.28±7.48)%,但两者对内皮完整的胸主动脉环最大舒张的半数有效浓度无明显差异。用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAM E(0.1 mm o l/L)预处理后,可阻断芦丁诱导的舒张血管作用,但不能阻断槲皮素引起的舒张血管作用;用鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝(10μm o l/L)预处理后,两者的血管舒张作用均被阻断。用环氧合酶抑制剂吲哚美辛(10μm o l/L)预处理后可减弱槲皮素诱导的舒张血管作用,但不能阻断芦丁引起的舒张血管作用。结论:槲皮素的舒血管作用强于芦丁,槲皮素可能是通过鸟苷酸环化酶和环氧合酶途径产生非内皮依赖性的血管舒张作用,而芦丁可能是通过NO-鸟苷酸环化酶途径产生内皮依赖性的血管舒张作用。     

萹蓄黄酮苷对大鼠离体胸主动脉的舒张作用与机制

目的 探讨萹蓄黄酮苷(FP)对大鼠离体胸主动脉的舒张作用与机制.方法 以大鼠胸主动脉为标本,观察FP对去氧肾上腺素(PE)预收缩血管的舒张作用及其在血管内皮、平滑肌细胞中的作用.结果 在内皮完整血管上,FP能浓度依赖性地降低去氧肾上腺素(PE 1.0×10-5 mol/L)或氯化钾(KCl 6.0×10-2 mol/L)预收缩血管的张力;去内皮、加入一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-N-硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)、 亚甲蓝(MB)及ODQ(GC阻断剂)对FP的舒血管作用没有影响;并且不受吲哚美辛、格列苯脲、四乙基铵、阿托品和普萘洛尔等药物的影响;在无钙K-H灌流液(含10-4 mol/L EGTA)中,FP可明显抑制PE引起的血管环收缩作用,而且可使CaCl2量效曲线下移.与控制组相比差异有显著性,P<0.01.结论 FP能够舒张由PE和KCl引起的血管收缩.舒张血管作用可能是抑制胞外Ca2+经血管平滑肌上的电压依赖性钙通道内流及胞内内质网Ca2+释放,从而抑制细胞内钙离子浓度升高.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.