老年高血压患者脉压与颈动脉粥样斑块的关系

目的 研究老年高血压患者血压水平与颈动脉粥样斑块形成的关系。方法选取84例老年原发性高血压患者，根据彩色多普勒超声检查颈动脉粥样斑块情况分为两组，斑块组54例，无斑块组30例，检测血脂和尿酸变化，监测24h动态血压，比较两组间性别构成、年龄、血脂和尿酸水平、24h平均收缩压、舒张压及脉压差水平有无统计学差异。结果两组之间年龄分布存在明显的统计学差异（P〈0．001）；斑块组PP明显高于无斑块组（P=0．003）；年龄与脉压之间呈正相关（r=0．301，P=0．005）。结论脉压增大可能是导致颈动脉粥样斑块形成的危险因子，降低脉压对老年高血压患者靶器官的保护可能起重要的作用。     

老年冠心病患者颈动脉结构和功能改变的特点

目的　探讨老年冠心病患者颈动脉结构和功能改变的特点。方法　将 1 1 7例经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病的患者分为 2组 ,老年组患者年龄 >60岁 ,共 64例 ,非老年组患者年龄≤ 60岁 ,共 53例 ;用超声方法检测所有患者颈动脉内中膜厚度 (IMT)、粥样硬化斑块及内径 ,并以同时测量的肱动脉血压值计算颈动脉弹性特征指标 ;比较两组间上述各项指标的差异。结果　老年组患者颈动脉斑块发生率、颈动脉斑块数和颈动脉内径显著高于对照组 ,IMT亦有高于对照组患者的趋势 (有临界性统计学意义 ) ,而半径 IMT比值两组间无差异。老年组患者的动脉扩张性显著低于非老年组患者 ,而僵硬指数显著高于非老年组患者 ,弹性特征指标两组间无明显差异。结论　老年冠心病患者IMT均匀增厚及颈动脉代偿性重塑作用接近极限 ,但颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率持续增加、斑块数量持续增多。老年冠心病患者的颈动脉僵硬度显著增高 ,而扩张性系数显著降低 ,提示年龄增长的生理性作用对动脉功能仍有重要影响。     

原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化的临床意义

该文探讨原发性高血压与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法：对251例原发性高血压患者，其中男性129例，女性122例，年龄（59．64±9．8）岁。高血压等级标准分为3组，Ⅰ级高血压52例；Ⅱ级高血压102例；Ⅲ级高血压97例。再根据病程分为3组；A组（〈5年）98例，年龄（57．5±9．4）岁；B组（5～10年）70例，年龄（60．5±10．3）岁；C组（〉10年）83例，年龄（62．5±9．3）岁。和93例健康对照者进行颈动脉超声检测，测量血管内径、内中膜厚度（IMT）、血流频谱参数及观察斑块的存在与否，了解其与原发性高血压的关系。结果：原发性高血压患者颈动脉IMT较对照组明显增加（P〈0．01），斑块发生率增加（P〈0.01），颈动脉内径增大，血流速度减低，阻力和搏动指数增加。随着原发性高血压分级增高及病程延长，颈动脉IMT及斑块发生率、斑块Crouse积分增加（P〈0．01）。结论：原发性高血压与颈动脉粥样硬化关系密切。随着原发性高血压分级增高及病程延长。颈动脉IMT及斑块发生率明显增加。     

老年高血压患者脉压与颈动脉粥样斑块的关系

目的研究老年高血压患者血压水平与颈动脉粥样斑块形成的关系.方法选取84例老年原发性高血压患者,根据彩色多普勒超声检查颈动脉粥样斑块情况分为两组,斑块组54例,无斑块组30例,检测血脂和尿酸变化,监测24 h动态血压,比较两组间性别构成、年龄、血脂和尿酸水平、24 h平均收缩压、舒张压及脉压差水平有无统计学差异.结果两组之间年龄分布存在明显的统计学差异(P<0.001); 斑块组PP明显高于无斑块组(P=0.003);年龄与脉压之间呈正相关(r=0.301,P=0.005).结论脉压增大可能是导致颈动脉粥样斑块形成的危险因子,降低脉压对老年高血压患者靶器官的保护可能起重要的作用.     

老年高血压病人动态血压曲线下面积与颈动脉硬化关系的探讨

目的研究老年高血压病人动态血压监测参数曲线下面积（AUC）与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选择1级与2级老年高血压病人各30例及正常者30名（对照组），行动态血压监测，做颈动脉血管超声测量颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT）、颈总动脉内径，局限性内膜-中层厚度增厚≥1．3mm定义为斑块。结果老年高血压病人24h、日间、夜间收缩压AUC、舒张压AUC及脉压AUC均较对照组明显升高，且2级高血压组收缩压和脉压AUC大于1级高血压组，而两组舒张压AUC无统计学意义；老年高血压病人颈动脉IMT较对照组明显增厚，且随着IMT逐渐增厚，斑块级别增高；直线相关分析显示收缩压和脉压AUC尤其是夜间收缩压和脉压AUC与IMT及斑块级别明显正相关，IMT与斑块级别呈正相关。结论颈动脉IMT是动脉粥样硬化的早期表现，动态血压AUC是真正代表血压增高的持续时间和血压增高值的综合二维参数，收缩压和脉压AUC尤其是夜间收缩压和脉压AUC的增加会加重颈动脉硬化的程度。     

增龄对老年高血压病患者动态血压的影响

目的：观察增龄对老年高血压病患动态血压（ABP）的影响。方法：比较478例高血压患（分为3个年龄组）和229例血压正常的ABP资料。结果：60－岁组高血压患的收缩压（SBP）和日／夜（N／D）血压比值低于70－岁和＞80岁组的；而舒张压（DBP）则前高于后两组（P＜0.05)，各组脉压（PP）值均呈现随年龄增大而增高之趋势（P＜0.05)；60－岁组的血压波动曲线类似于灼型，而后两组均为非杓型。结论：PP随年龄增大而增高可能与大动脉硬化加重有关，而血压昼夜节律的消失可能为增龄所致的自主神经功能紊乱及白天、夜间活动变化的表现。     

原发性高血压患者动态脉压与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

根据动态全天平均脉压将171例原发性高血压患者分为脉压40～60mmHg组和〉60mmHg组,采用超声检测患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度、血管内径及斑块发生率,以颈总动脉最大内膜中层厚度作为评价颈动脉粥样硬化程度的指标。结果脉压〉60mmHg组患者颈总动脉内径、颈总动脉最大内膜中层厚度、颈动脉斑块发生率明显高于脉压为40—60mmHg组（P〈0．01）。患者平均脉压、年龄、平均收缩压、高血压病程与颈总动脉最大内膜中层厚度呈明显正相关（P〈0．01）,而平均舒张压与颈总动脉最大内膜中层厚度呈负相关（P〈0．05）。认为脉压增加可使颈动脉粥样硬化性病变的患病率增加。     

高血压者颈动脉硬化与血浆内皮素、脂蛋白（a）的关系

该文探讨老年高血压患者颈动脉病变与血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）、脂蛋白（a）[Lp（a）]的关系。方法：对120例老年高血压患者进行颈动脉超声检查。根据颈动脉超声结果有斑块（CP）及无斑块（NCP）分为：（1）硬斑块组（HCP）31例，其中男23例，女8例。（2）软斑块组（SCP）46例，其中男35例，女11例。有斑块组共77例，年龄63～78（74．6&#177;5．2）岁。     

应用血管内镜探讨老年急性冠脉综合征患者的发病机制

目的 应用血管内镜探讨老年急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者的发病机制。方法 缺血性心脏病患者51例，根据不同年龄分为老年组（24例）和非老年组（27例）。根据冠脉造影结果分为病变血管（75％以上狭窄）和非病变血管，应用血管内镜对上述冠脉血管内存在斑块的颜色（分为白色和黄色）进行观察。结果 老年组与非老年组在病变血管观察到的黄色斑块比率为79％vs70％，白色斑块比率为21％vs20％，无统计学意义。在非病变血管观察到的黄色斑块比率为62．5％vs26％，老年组黄色斑块的比率明显高于非老年组，有统计学意义。白色斑块比率为37．5％vs74％，老年组白色斑块的比率低于非老年组，有统计学意义。结论 老年缺血性心脏病患者，不仅病变血管，非病变血管内黄色的不稳定斑块也增加，这是导致老年患者ACS发病率高的原因之一。     

老年高血压患者动态血压变化的特点分析

目的 观察老年高血压患者24 h动态血压变化的特点.方法 入选的高血压患者按年龄分为老年组(年龄≥60岁)和中年对照组(年龄<60岁).观察两组患者在治疗状态下动态血压参数的变化情况,动态血压昼夜异常发生率及舒张压<60 mmHg的发生率.结果 平均舒张压老年组均低于中年组(P<0.05);全天、日间、夜间平均脉压老年组明显高于中年组(P<0.01);老年组24 h动态血压昼夜节律异常的发生率明显高于中年组(P<0.01);舒张压<60 mmHg的发生率老年组明显高于中年组(P<0.01).结论 老年高血压患者在治疗状态下有舒张压过低、脉压大及血压昼夜节律异常的特点.     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.