CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔热凝治疗三叉神经痛46例分析

目的：探讨CT引导下半月神经节射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛的方法及临床应用。方法：46例患者均根据典型的病史、体征作出三叉神经痛诊断。在CT引导下应用Hartel前入路法经皮穿刺卵圆孔,进行温控射频热凝毁损。结果：术后疼痛完全消失38例,减轻6例,无缓解2例,总有效率95．7％（44／46）,治疗后6个月,4例复发,复发率8．7％（4／46）。并发症少而轻微,无严重并发症。结论：CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔热凝治疗三叉神经痛疗效可靠,并且提高了穿刺的成功率及精确性,是一种微创、可重复操作的技术,可供临床推广应用。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔阻滞治疗三叉神经痛

目的探讨CT引导下三叉神经毁损疗法治疗三叉神经痛的方法及临床应用.方法 CT引导机为西门子AR型NOVR型.34例患者均根据典型的病史、体征作出三叉神经痛诊断,均有服用药物史,5例为经其他方法治疗后复发.34例中男8例,女26例,年龄55～70岁,平均58岁.CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔,采用22G穿刺针,CT引导进针,确定针尖在卵圆孔时,分次缓慢注射2%阿霉素0.2～0.3 ml(不超过 0.5 ml).结果治疗后观察疗效及并发症,即刻疼痛减轻26例(76.9%),治疗后6个月,32例疼痛消失,2例疼痛减轻.并发症少而轻微,无严重并发症.结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔疗法治疗三叉神经痛是一种微创、疗效好、可重复操作的新技术,值得临床推广应用.     

C型臂引导穿刺针位于卵圆孔内不同区域治疗三叉神经痛疗效观察

目的:探讨在C型臂引导下穿刺针位于卵圆孔内不同区域,行半月神经节周围注射阿霉素治疗三叉神经痛的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析90例原发性三叉神经痛患者。在C型臂引导下,根据影像学将卵圆孔划分为内、中、外三个区域,按穿刺针位于卵圆孔内不同区域分为A、B、C三组,每组30例。A、B、C三组穿刺针分别位于卵圆孔内侧、中部、外侧区域。行卵圆孔半月神经节周围注射0.5%阿霉素0.5 ml。采用视觉模拟疼痛评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)作为疼痛水平评价指标,疼痛缓解度作为疗效评价标准。观察治疗前及治疗后当日、7天、14天、1月、6月、12月的临床疗效。结果:90例三叉神经痛患者均顺利完成卵圆孔穿刺和治疗。三组患者治疗前、治疗当日、治疗后7天、14天、1月、6月、12月VAS和有效缓解例数均未见统计学差异。与治疗前相比,三组治疗后当日、7天、14天、1月、6月和12个月VAS评分均降低(P<0.05)。12个月随访观察A组有效率为76.7%,B组有效率为76.7%,C组有效率为73.3%。治疗后无明显并发症。结论:在C型臂引导下,经皮穿刺卵圆孔行半月神经节周围注射0.5%阿霉素0.5 ml治疗三叉神经痛时,穿刺针位于卵圆孔内不同区域均有效且安全性较高。     

CT引导下半月神经节射频热凝加阿霉素毁损治疗三叉神经痛的疗效分析

目的观察CT引导下半月神经节射频热凝加阿霉素毁损治疗三叉神经痛的远近期疗效。方法对68例三叉神经痛患者CT引导下行半月神经节射频热凝加阿霉素毁损治疗。观察并记录术前后的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),进行疗效评估,并随访2年,观察复发率。结果治疗后各时段VAS评分均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后7 d后各时段与术后1 d疼痛VAS评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后30 d后各时段与术后7 d疼痛VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后疗效各时段相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CT引导下半月神经节射频热凝加阿霉素毁损治疗三叉神经痛,可以提高疗效,降低复发率,减少并发症,是一种治疗三叉神经痛的安全有效方法。     

CT三维成像引导下半月神经节射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛

目的 观察CT三维成像引导下经皮卵圆孔穿刺三叉神经半月节射频热凝术治疗三叉神经痛的有效性及安全性.方法 对48例三叉神经痛患者在CT引导下,以前入路法穿刺半月神经节后行射频热凝治疗.结果 48例卵圆孔穿刺均顺利完成,45例治疗后疼痛消失,2例减轻,1例无效.术后随访3 ～18个月,复发1例,46例术后出现面部感觉麻木,7例咀嚼力减弱,无其他并发症.结论 CT三维成像引导经皮卵圆孔穿刺三叉神经半月节射频热凝术治疗三叉神经痛有效、安全.     

CT引导下半月神经节射频毁损术治疗三叉神经痛疗效分析

作者采用CT引导下卵圆孔穿刺半月神经节射频毁损术治疗三叉神经痛61例，现报告如下：     

螺旋CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔行阿霉素联合无水酒精阻滞治疗三叉神经痛

[目的]探讨螺旋CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔注射阿霉素联合无水酒精毁损疗法治疗三叉神经痛的技术及临床应用价值.[方法]本院收治的45例三叉神经痛患者采用螺旋CT引导经皮穿刺卵圆孔,缓慢注射无水酒精和阿霉素0.2~0.5 mL.采用视觉模拟疼痛评分 （VAS）测定疼痛强度.[结果]45例治疗后,即刻疼痛完全缓解者8例（17.8%）;一周后疼痛完全缓解39例（86.8%）,明显缓解5例.经治疗后6个月、12个月随访观察,有效率分别为 97.8%,97.8%.并发症少而轻微.[结论]螺旋CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔注射阿霉素联合无水酒精毁损疗法对三叉神经痛具有定位准确,无痛苦,操作简单、安全,并发症少的优点,具有临床推广应用价值.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺三叉神经半月节毁损治疗重度三叉神经痛

目的：探讨在CT的定位引导下经皮穿刺三叉神经半月节，用药物毁损性阻滞治疗三叉神经痛的效果。方法：纳入首都医科大学宣武医院疼痛诊疗中心1994-03／2001—12采用CT引导下经皮穿刺三叉神经半月节毁损治疗的76例三叉神经痛患者。治疗前CT冠状及轴位扫描卵圆孔，除外继发性三叉神经痛。在穿刺卵圆孔过程中CT引导穿刺的方向并确认针尖的位置，经造影确保穿刺针准确位于神经节内，然后向三叉神经半月节注射神经阻滞破坏药阿霉素。在治疗后当日、治疗后第7天、第6个月和第12个月记录目测类比疼痛评分，生活质量评分和并发症。①目测类比疼痛评分：0分为无痛，10分为剧痛，1～3分为轻度疼痛，4-6分为中度疼痛，7～10分为重度疼痛。②疼痛缓解度：采用0-4数字疼痛缓解分级标准，0度：未缓解（疼痛未减轻）；1度：轻度缓解（疼痛减轻约1／4）；2度：中度缓解（疼痛减轻约1／2）：3度：明显缓解（疼痛减轻约3／4以上）；4度：完全缓解（疼痛消失）。③生活质量评分：就疼痛对食欲、睡眠、日常生活、精神状态、情绪、与人交往、生活兴趣等的干扰进行自我评价，以0～10分表示，0分为无干扰，10分为最严重干扰。结果：按实际处理分析，76例CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔毁损疗法治疗三叉神经痛，除1例解剖变异未穿刺成功，其余病例均顺利完成穿刺和治疗。①治疗前后目测类比疼痛评分：治疗后低于治疗前[治疗前（8．7&;#177;2．7）分，治疗后第7天（1．6&;#177;2．1）分，治疗后6个月（2．1&;#177;0．9）分，治疗后12个月（2．3&;#177;0．7）分，P〈0．01]。②治疗后疼痛缓解情况：治疗后1周内疼痛完全缓解61例，不同程度减轻11例，无变化4例，其中2例改为神经外科手术治疗。治疗后12个月，完全缓解58例，11例未缓解。③治疗后生活质量评分：食欲、睡眠、日常生活、与人交往、生活兴趣治疗后第7天、6个月、12个月均低于治疗前[治疗前：（5．7&;#177;2．8），（4．0&;#177;2．0），（6．1&;#177;2．4），（6．1&;#177;2．4），（6．9&;#177;2．3）分；治疗后第7天：（2．5&;#177;1．5），（2．8&;#177;1．2），（3．5&;#177;2．3），（2．6&;#177;1．6），（4．8&;#177;2．3）分；治疗后6个月：（2．9&;#177;1．3），（2．0&;#177;0．7），（2．5&;#177;1．2），（3．1&;#177;1．5），（2.4&;#177;1．1）分；治疗后12个月：（2．2&;#177;1．1），（1．8&;#177;1．1），（2．3&;#177;1．6），（2．1&;#177;0．9），（1．8&;#177;1．0）分，P〈0．05或0．01]。结论：CT引导下经皮半月神经节毁损术对三叉神经痛效果明显。在CT引导下穿刺半月神经节，可使定位更准确，获得更好疗效。由于在局麻下操作，患者痛苦小，也可避免严重的并发症。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔阿霉素注射毁损治疗三叉神经痛的护理

目的:总结CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔阿霉素注射毁损治疗三叉神经痛的护理经验,提高穿刺成功率及治疗效果,减少手术并发症。材料与方法:16例患者头过仰机架倾斜半冠状位扫描体位在CT引导下穿刺到达卵圆孔。注入稀释对比剂观察其分布及弥散范围,2%利多卡因0.2ml行试验性治疗,后缓慢分次注入2%阿霉素液,每次0.1ml,共0.3～0.5ml,总量不超过0.5ml治疗。对患者进行精心的术前、术中、术后护理。结果:随访半年13例(13/16)疼痛基本消失,3例疼痛较明显,但均较术前轻。9例随访一年以上大部分对镇痛疗效较满意,仅其中1例虽有较明显疼痛但仍较术前轻行药物治疗控制。并发症少而较轻,无严重并发症。结论:CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔阿霉素注射毁损治疗具有微创、经济方便、操作相对简单、安全、疗效佳及可重复性的优点,不失为临床治疗三叉神经痛的一种有效的可行治疗方法,具有临床推广应用价值。良好的护理措施是手术成功的关健措施之一。     

CT引导下半月神经节脉冲射频治疗重度原发三叉神经痛

目的:报道CT引导下半月神经节脉冲射频治疗20例重度原发三叉神经痛患者的疗效。方法:脉冲射频治疗20例三叉神经痛患者,记录患者治疗前及治疗后1年内疼痛数字评分、辅助药物治疗、并发症及不良反应发生情况。结果:术后7例(35%)患者获得比较满意的疗效;13例(65%)患者疗效差、改行射频热凝术治疗后疼痛缓解但均出现面部麻木感和咀嚼肌力弱。脉冲射频治疗后患者无明显的不良反应及并发症。结论:CT引导下半月神经节脉冲射频治疗重度原发三叉神经痛虽然穿刺更准确、无不良反应发生、但是有效率较低,有待开展深入的实验与临床研究改进脉冲射频技术以提高治疗三叉神经痛的疗效。     

ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL REGULATION OF THE GROWTH OF TISSUES : THE EFFECTS OF THE DILUTION OF THE MEDIUM ON THE GROWTH OF THE SPLEEN.

It may be concluded that the degree of dilution of the culture medium has a marked influence on the rate of growth of splenic tissue. The maximum acceleration was obtained in a medium composed of three volumes of normal plasma and two volumes of distilled water. The growth in this hypotonic plasma was very much larger than in normal plasma. On the contrary, the growth of the spleen in hypertonic plasma was always less than in normal plasma. In other experiments, we found that in diluted plasma there was also an acceleration of the growth of the skin, the heart, and the liver of chickens. The skin of adult frogs also grew more actively in this plasma. The optimum degree of dilution varied according to the nature of the tissues and to the species of the animals. While the plasma containing two fifths distilled water produced the largest growth of splenic tissue, a slightly less diluted medium was more favorable for the liver and the heart, and generally for the skin also. The action of hypertonic plasma varied also in a large measure. While the spleen did not grow at all in the medium containing 0.0124 and 0.0144 sodium chlorid, the skin, on the other hand, could stand a high concentration of the sodium chlorid. Even its growth was activated in media containing 0.0094 and 0.0124 sodium chlorid and was greater than with normal plasma. The spleen of kittens was very easily affected by the changes of the dilution of the plasma, while the skin of the frog presented its best growth in plasma containing one half distilled water. Marked variations in the sensitiveness of tissues to hypertonic and hypotonic media will probably be observed in animals of different species. From these experiments, three conclusions can be drawn: namely, that certain laws of growth, discovered by Loeb, in lower organisms are true also for higher organisms; that normal plasma is not the optimum medium for the growth of tissue; and that each tissue has probably its optimum medium. The growth of the spleen is, without doubt, considerably modified by the variations of the dilution and perhaps of the osmotic tension of the plasma. It is possible then that the influence of osmotic tension, discovered by Loeb, in the growth of certain organisms, is a general law applicable as well to higher forms of life— frogs, cats, and chickens—as to lower organisms—tubularia and sea-urchins. In placing tubularia in different dilutions of sea-water and distilled water, Loeb found that the greatest rate of regeneration was observed when two volumes of distilled water were added to three volumes of sea-water. But fertilized eggs of sea-urchins were more sensitive to the action of hypertonic plasma, and they all died in a dilution of sea-water with two fifths distilled water. If only one fifth distilled water was added to the sea-water they developed normally. We found that the cells of certain tissues of the chicken follow a similar rule, since the maximal growth of the spleen is obtained in plasma containing two fifths distilled water, while other tissues grow better in a less hypotonic medium. Normal plasma is certainly not the ideal medium for the growth of tissues, since slight modifications of the tension, the alkalinity, or the addition of certain inorganic salts to normal plasma, increase the rate of the growth of tissues.     

THE EXTENT OF THE CAPILLARY BED OF THE HEART

By means of injections made into the coronary arteries of beating hearts it has been possible to determine the number of capillaries in the normal heart muscle. This study has shown a very rich blood supply with an average of approximately one capillary for each muscle fibre in the ventricular walls and papillary muscles, and a less abundant supply in the auricular muscle and Purkinje system. The number of capillaries per sq. mm. of ventricular wall or papillary muscle is about twice that found by Krogh in skeletal muscle. Capillaries were not found constantly in the valves of hearts in which there was apparently a complete injection of the capillary bed. The method described for injecting the capillaries of the heart also provides a means of studying the blood supply to the muscle, valves and aortic wall in pathological hearts.     

THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE HEMORRHAGIC DISEASES OF THE NEW-BORN

Those conditions of the new-born characterized by a hemorrhagic tendency, icterus, and fatty changes, are probably all syndromes which may occur as the result of a number of toxic agents. All of them, however, have been produced, in these experiments, by the action of a single experimental agent. Thus, a picture indistinguishable from that called Buhl''s disease has been obtained by the use of chloroform, as have also the pictures known as Winckel''s disease, melæna neonatorum, etc. Chloroform is not held to be the only substance that has this power. It stands rather as one member of a group of agents, the effects of which in general and in individual organs are similar to those caused by lack of oxygen. The essential features of these conditions have also been produced by direct asphyxiation of the fetus. The suggestion is therefore made that underlying all these symptoms and pathological complexes, there is a deficiency of oxidation, general, local, or selective, thus bringing this group of diseases into the general category of acute yellow atrophy of the liver, eclampsia, pernicious vomiting, cyclic vomiting, phosphorus poisoning, etc. In human beings, chloroform and asphyxia must, in many instances, be the determining causes. There remain, however, other cases in which different factors are to be sought.     

THE INDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE GUINEA-PIG TO THE TOXIC ACTION OF THE BLOOD SERUM OF THE HORSE

Following the divisions before used, the results presented in the preceding pages may be briefly stated. I. The particular method of sensitization and the place where the test injection is made have an important bearing on the results obtained by various workers. Comparing the results obtained by the various methods, we may conclude that the incubation period of the hypersensitive reaction is not sharply limited, but that there is a progressive increase in sensitiveness from the sixth day, and presumably before that, extending over a period of several weeks. It seems very probable that the degree of hypersensitiveness attained where the sensitizing dose consists of a mixture of diphtheria toxin and serum is greater than when a single dose of the same small quantity of serum is given alone. II. Our early experiments, the first in this field, are in thorough agreement with those first reported by Otto, and shortly after him by Rosenau and Anderson. III. This hypersensitive reaction is transmissible from mother to offspring. The transmission is probably not equally effective in all cases, and individual young guinea-pigs probably vary greatly in the rate with which they lose their ability to react. As a result not all of the young of a hypersensitive mother react to a subcutaneous dose of five cubic centimeters of serum given when they are four or five weeks old. The reaction in the young animals differs quite markedly from that in those actively sensitized. These differences are such as to indicate that in the mother there is a considerable localization of the reaction in tissues and organs whose destruction does not cause sudden death. This local reaction is a protective factor and is not transmitted to the same degree as the factors involved in the fatal acute reaction. IV. The hypersensitive reaction to horse serum depends on the development of a special anti-body during the incubation period, which anti-body may be passively transferred to a fresh animal. If the dose of hypersensitive serum be sufficient, and the intoxicating injection be given directly into the circulation, this passive hypersensitiveness may be enough so that the animal will die when tested. There is also in the serum of hypersensitive guinea-pigs an uneliminated horse serum element or "rest," which is distinct from this antibody, and probably without influence on the course of the acute reaction. V. The anti-body on which the hypersensitive reaction depends may be entirely neutralized by horse serum without causing symptoms. The gradual introduction of increasing doses over a total period of twenty-four hours suffices for this. The animal is then, properly speaking, neither immune nor refractory, but is essentially in the condition of a normal animal which has recently had a large dose of horse serum. This rapid neutralization is made possible by the great binding power which the subcutaneous and other relatively unimportant tissues have for the toxic element of the serum. The so-called "Phenomenon of Arthus" is probably the same reaction for the rabbit that we have here dealt with in the guinea-pig. The fact that the manifestation is more prominently a local one depends on racial differences. I have encountered cases in the guinea-pig in which the conditions in the rabbit are closely simulated.     

THE INFLUENCE UPON THE SPLEEN AND THE THYROID OF THE COMPLETE REMOVAL OF THE EXTERNAL FUNCTION OF THE PANCREAS

The complete removal of the function of the pancreas concerned in digestion is followed by marked changes in the spleen and in the thyroid apparatus. Second, the spleen shows an extreme simple atrophy. Third, the thyroid apparatus exhibits a constant change shown by the macroscopic transparency of the gland, by the microscopic increase in the amount of colloid, by the chemical increase of the iodine content of the gland, and by the functional test of the delayed appearance of tetany after the complete removal of the thyroid apparatus.     

学生健康体检结果分析

在校学生进行健康体检,对常见病患病率进行统计分析,提议在体检 中应加入血液流变学指标。