酚妥拉明多巴胺多巴酚丁胺呋塞米合用治疗难治性心衰临床疗效观察

目的评价酚妥拉明、多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺、呋塞米合用治疗难治性心衰的疗效。方法将86例难治性心衰病人分为两组。对照组43例应用洋地黄类药，利尿药，硝酸甘油等常规治疗；联合治疗组43例，在对照组基础上去掉硝酸甘油，加用酚妥拉明多巴胺多巴酚丁胺呋塞米。结果联合治疗组总有效率（93％）高于对照组（69。8％），P〈0.05。结论酚妥拉明 多巴胺 多巴酚丁胺 呋塞米合用治疗难治性心衰疗效佳。     

多巴胺、酚妥拉明联用治疗顽固性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的　研究多巴胺、酚妥拉明联合治疗顽固性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法　将 62例顽固性心力衰竭患者随机分为观察组 ( 30例 )和常规组 (32例 );观察组在常规综合治疗的基础上加用多巴胺和酚妥拉明。在治疗前后 14d分别行心脏彩超检查,同时测量中心静脉压、血压、心率,观察肺部啰音、水肿变化,心功能改善情况。结果　与常规组比较,治疗组心排出量 (CO)增多,左室射血分数 (EF)增加,中心静脉压下降,血压、心率、心功能均明显改善 (P<0. 01 );总有效率高于常规组。结论　应用多巴胺、酚妥拉明联合治疗顽固性心力衰竭,合理安全,疗效显著。     

慢心室率心房颤动伴心力衰竭患者的起搏治疗

目的探讨提高心脏起搏频率在慢心室率心房颤动伴心力衰竭患者中的治疗价值。方法比较28例标准药物治疗的慢心室率心房颤动伴心力衰竭患者,起搏频率由60次/min提高至70次/min后临床症状、体征、心功能及心脏超声资料。结果植入VVI心脏起搏器后患者地高辛、β受体阻滞剂的服用率分别由17.9%和14.3%上升至100%和85.7%(P<0.05);提高起搏频率后所有患者临床症状、体征、心功能均有明显改善,有效率为75%;超声指标LVEF、SV、LVEDD并无明显改善(P>0.05),但CO较调整前明显增加(P<0.05)。结论70次/min心脏起搏在慢心室率心房颤动伴心力衰竭患者具有较好的治疗价值。     

呋塞米联合小剂量多巴胺治疗小儿顽固性心力衰竭疗效观察

目的探讨呋塞米联合小剂量多巴胺治疗小儿顽固性心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法所有患者入院后均给予吸氧、限水钠摄入、饮食控制、休息等一般治疗。同时给予血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)、β-受体阻滞剂、利尿剂、洋地黄等药物,快速心律失常的患者纠正心律失常,合并感染给予抗感染。观察组在上述治疗基础上,呋塞米起始按1mg/kg静脉注射,必要时每隔2h追加1mg/kg。最大剂量可达每日6mg/kg。新生儿应延长用药间隔。多巴胺静脉输注0.5～2.0μg.kg-1.min-1。持续应用3d后观察疗效。结果治疗3d后,观察组临床症状、体征减轻,心功能改善等明显好于对照组,两组比较差异有显著性P<0.01;治疗后两组患者LVEF、LVEDD均有改善,观察组与对照组治疗后比较差异有显著性P<0.05,与本组治疗前比较差异有显著性P<0.05。结论应用呋塞米同时给予小剂量多巴胺,能更好地发挥利尿作用,减轻心脏负荷且没有发现对血压和心率的负面影响,疗效满意,副作用较少。     

腹水静脉回输联合多巴胺及呋塞米治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水36例

目的观察肝硬化顽固性腹水病人应用自体腹水分次回输联合多巴胺及呋塞米的治疗效果。方法70例肝硬化顽固性腹水患者分为两组。对照组34例应用自体腹水分次回输治疗;观察组36例采取自体腹水分次回输联合多巴胺及呋塞米治疗。结果两种方法均取得较好疗效,治疗后血清白蛋白增加,肾功能改善,电解质无明显变化,腹水逐渐消退,但观察组治疗次数及回输腹水量比单纯行自体腹水回输均减少(P<0.05),尿量增加更为显著(P<0.05)。结论腹水回输联用多巴胺及呋塞米能舒张肾脏血管,增加肾血流量和肾小球滤过率,增强利尿。     

卡托普利对心脏增大的慢性心力衰竭病人的治疗意义

目的探讨卡托普利对心脏增大的慢性心力衰竭病人的治疗价值。方法将54例经胸部X线,心脏彩超等证实有心脏增大的慢性心力衰竭病人分为观察组和对照组两组。观察组34例在常规治疗基础上给予卡托普利,对照组仅给予常规治疗。结果观察组心功能改善的显效率为35.3%,总有效率为85.3%,与对照组(分别为20.0%与65.0%)相比,差异显著(P<0.05)和非常显著(P<0.01)。治疗后心脏结构观察组显效率为23.5%,总有效率为41.2%,与对照组(分别为10.0%与20.0%)相比,差异均非常显著(P<0.01)。结论卡托普利能有效纠正心衰、改善心肌重构,减少发生心脏性猝死。     

小剂量酚妥拉明多巴胺治疗难治性心力衰竭58例疗效观察

目的:观察小剂量酚妥拉明与多巴胺静滴治疗难治性心力衰竭的疗效。方法:随机分组,选择54例心力衰竭患者作为对照组,给予洋地黄、利尿剂及病因治疗,治疗组58例在此基础上加用酚妥拉明及多巴胺。结果:治疗组与对照组用药第七天相比,疗效及左室射血分数(EF)显著提高。结论:小剂量酚妥拉明与多巴胺治疗难治性心力衰竭疗效良好。     

呋塞米提高不扩张上尿路排泄性三维对比增强磁共振尿路造影图像质量

目的探讨呋塞米对不扩张上尿路的排泄性三维对比增强磁共振尿路造影(3D-ceMRU)图像质量的影响。资料与方法 40例无上尿路扩张的受检者行3D-ceMRU扫描及三维重建,其中20例(呋塞米组)于扫描前1min经静脉注射10mg呋塞米,另20例未给予呋塞米(无呋塞米组)。比较两组3D-ceMRU图像质量,包括显示度、伪影程度及亮度。结果呋塞米组肾盏、肾盂及上、中、下段输尿管3D-ceMRU图像的显示度和亮度均优于无呋塞米组(P<0.01),肾盏及中、下段输尿管3D-ceMRU图像的伪影程度较无呋塞米组轻(P<0.01),两组肾盂及上段输尿管伪影程度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论静脉给予呋塞米能通过增加尿量而减少上尿路内对比剂形成的伪影,增加图像亮度,从而提高不扩张上尿路的3D-ceMRU图像质量。     

托拉塞米治疗慢性心力衰竭临床观察

目的观察托拉塞米治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效及安全性。方法 118例患者随机分为托拉塞米治疗组及呋塞米组,两组基础用药一致,比较两组治疗后的体重下降、水肿变化、心功能变化及不良反应。结果两组均可使慢性心力衰竭患者体重下降,水肿减轻,心功能改善,两组对比差异无统计学意义;不良反应发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义,但托拉塞米组低钾发生率低于呋塞米组。结论托拉塞米对慢性心力衰竭疗效肯定,可改善心功能,减轻水肿,特别适用于同时存在低钾的慢性心力衰竭的患者。     

门诊慢性心力衰竭患者应用短效和长效髓袢利尿药治疗效果的对比研究

目的评估长效髓袢利尿药阿佐塞米和短效髓袢利尿药呋塞米对门诊慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者治疗效果。方法连续人选2011年4月-2012年7月在我院心内科门诊的98例接受呋塞米和另外一种血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂治疗的CHF患者,将患者随机分成呋塞米组（n=49）和阿佐塞米组（n=49）。呋塞米组继续给予相同剂量的呋塞米,而阿佐塞米组的患者则将呋塞米换为阿佐塞米。在初始期和实验3个月后,分别测量患者体重,以及脑钠肽（BNP）、心钠肽（ANP）、去甲肾上腺素、肾素活性、血清肌酐、血尿素氮、钠、钾和血细胞比容的水平。结果与呋塞米组相比,阿佐塞米组患者3个月后体重和血浆BNP、ANP水平都显著降低。而3个月后呋塞米组和阿佐塞米组在血肌酐、血尿素氮、钠、钾、血细胞比容、去甲肾上腺素以及肾素活性的变化上则没有出现显著差异。结论在改善CHF患者的神经体液因子中,长效药阿佐塞米与ACE抑制剂的联合给药比短效呋塞米更加实用。     

维吾尔族心力衰竭患者ACEI和β受体阻滞剂应用调查

目的探讨维吾尔族心力衰竭患者ACEI和β受体阻滞剂应用情况。方法 2004～2008年就诊于我院的维吾尔族心力衰竭患者308例,其中245例完成了随访,患者入选后均给予ACEI（卡托普利片）、β受体阻滞剂（卡维地洛片）、氢氯噻嗪片/呋塞米片、螺内酯片、地高辛片等药物常规治疗。随访患者出院后医生记录6个月、1年、2年ACEI、β受体阻滞剂应用情况及应用剂量,同时记录6min步行试验结果。记录随访患者心脏B超中左室舒末、左心室射血分数（EF%）,并记录患者2年内再入院情况（入院次数）。按ACEI、β受体阻滞剂应用情况进行分为两组：组1为ACEI或β受体阻滞剂达到应用靶剂量、或两者均达到靶剂量;组2为ACEI、β受体阻滞剂均未达到应用靶剂量。结果对入选患者进行2年随访后,ACEI、β受体阻滞剂剂量、较出院时有所上升、左室舒末较出院时有所下降,6min步行试验结果较前有所上升。在随访的245例心力衰竭患者中,ACEI、β受体阻滞剂剂量达标率分别为31.72%、35.86%;ACEI、β受体阻滞剂剂量均达标率为15.86%。分组后,组2随访2年后左室舒末明显大于组1。组1患者较组2左室射血分数较高、6min步行试验结果较长,2年内再入院次数较少。结论加强心力衰竭患者随访的依从性,才能最大限度的达到ACEI、β受体阻滞剂应用的靶剂量,提高治疗效果。     

微量持续静脉泵注硝普钠联合多巴胺治疗顽固性心力衰竭的临床观察

目的观察硝普钠联合多巴胺治疗顽固性心力衰竭的疗效。方法对101例顽固性心力衰竭患者在继续采用传统综合治疗基础上，给予微量注射泵持续静脉泵注治疗量的硝普钠和多巴胺，疗程10～15d。结果显效71例（70．73％），有效30例（29．27％），总有效率100％。用药后，左心室射血分数（LVEF）、舒张早期最大充盈速度（E）与舒张晚期最大充盈速度（A）的比值（E／A）均明显增加（P〈0．01），6分钟步行距离明显改善。结论微量注射泵持续静脉泵注硝普钠、多巴胺治疗顽固性心力衰竭有较好的临床效果。     

左西孟旦治疗高龄顽固性心力衰竭的疗效

 目的 观察左西孟旦(levosimendan) 小剂量静脉维持治疗老年顽固性心力衰竭的疗效。方法 心力衰竭36例,均为使用常规抗心力衰竭治疗效果欠佳者,给予左西孟旦小剂量持续静脉滴注(0.05~0.2)μg/(kg·min),观察使用左西孟旦的治疗效果及过程中出现的不良反应。结果 36例共46次使用左西孟旦,部分患者间断重复使用。经左西孟旦治疗72 h后,患者血管收缩压(systolic blood pressure, SBP)、血管舒张压(diastolic blood pressure, DBP)及心率(heart rate, HR)均较治疗前有所降低,无统计学差异(P>0.05);N-末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-type natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP)较治疗前显著降低(11785.22±10903.34 vs 5989.83±6044.02);左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)、每博心输出量(stroke volume, SV)均较治疗前显著升高(35.11±4.21 vs 50.09±9.37)、(37.22±17.26 vs 69.90±34.62),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血肌酐(Cr)数值较治疗前有所降低(216.03±32.75 vs 137.43±29.07),无统计学差异(P>0.05);尿排出量与治疗前相比显著增多(1383.57±431.14 vs 1906.72±522.70),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 左西孟旦治疗老年顽固性心力衰竭患者疗效非常明显,可显著提高患者心脏功能及肾脏功能。     

高剂量曲美他嗪对扩张型心肌病心衰患者预后影响

目的分析高剂量曲美他嗪(120 mg/d)对扩张型心肌病(DCM)心衰患者预后的影响。方法选取西京医院心内科及沈阳军区总医院心内科2014年出院的DCM心衰患者150例,随访1~2年,失访14例,最终纳入136例患者。按曲美他嗪使用剂量将患者分为高剂量组(40 mg,每天3次,n=13)、常规剂量组(20 mg,每天3次,n=99)及对照组(未服用,n=24),比较3组患者用药前后心功能、影像学改变及代谢相关指标的差异。结果高剂量组患者年龄、射血分数(EF)值均偏低(P<0.05);左心室收缩内径(LVESD)、CO、缩短分数(FS)、每搏输出量(SV)值均偏高(P<0.05);主要合并用药包括血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂或血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(100%)、利尿剂(76.92%)及洋地黄(76.92%)。服用药物1~2年后,高剂量组患者脑钠肽、FS值、EF值均较常规剂量组明显减小,LVESD值较常规剂量组明显增大。高剂量与常规剂量的曲美他嗪均可降低CO值,且SV值改变均较对照组大。结论高剂量曲美他嗪常被用于病情偏重患者,但其疗效一般,仍需进一步证实。     

参附注射液合用心先安治疗难治性心力衰竭疗效观察

目的探讨参附注射液合用心先安治疗难治性心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法82例难治性心力衰竭患者随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组常规治疗（吸氧、利尿剂、洋地黄、血管扩张剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、控制感染和对症支持疗法）。治疗组在常规治疗基础上，参附注射液40ml加入5％的葡萄糖250ml，心先安120mg加入5％葡萄糖250ml静脉点滴，2周为1个疗程，比较两组心功能的改善情况。结果治疗组心功能有显著改善（P均〈0．05），治疗组与对照组比较有明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论参附注射液合用心先安治疗难治性心力衰竭疗效明显，安全可靠。     

卡维地洛与美托洛尔对充血性心力衰竭的疗效和二者的成本─效果分析

目的:观察卡维地洛与美托洛尔治疗充血性心力衰竭(CHF)的远期疗效及二者的成本─效果分析.方法:选择CHF患者114例,随机分3组.A组为对照组,予以血管扩张剂、利尿剂、地高辛、血管紧张素转换酶抑制荆等常规治疗;B组为卡维地洛组,在上述常规治疗的基础上给予卡维地洛.C组在常规治疗基础上给予美托洛尔,随访6个月.用药前后分别观察左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、心衰症状等指标变化情况.结果:6个月后B组和C组LVEDD、LVESD缩小,LVEF明显提高,心衰症状明显好转.但卡维地洛组LVEF改善优于美托洛尔组:卡维地洛组的成本─效果分析低于美托洛尔组.结论:美托洛尔、卡维地洛均可逆转心室重塑,改善心脏功能.卡维地洛疗效略优于美托洛尔.     

Influence of drugs on diseased states of the heart. A 31P NMR and [Ca]i study

Phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to monitor the direct effect of drugs on energy metabolites of the heart. Using the isolated perfused heart of the cardiomyopathic hamster (late heart failure), drugs that exacerbate the diastolic level of calcium [Ca]i (e.g., dobutamine and digoxin) augment intracellular phosphomonoester sugars, while drugs which increase cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate [cAMP]i (e.g. isoprel, dibutyryl cAMP, and amrinone) lower phosphomonoester sugars. The phosphomonoester sugars are inversely related to developed pressure and oxygen consumption. Accumulation of sugar phosphates indicates inhibition of glycolysis and limited delivery of pyruvate to the mitochondria, thereby decreasing oxygen consumption. The phosphorylation potential obtained from standardized 31P MRS values showed a direct relationship to the rate pressure product in hamsters with heart failure; however, the two parameters were inversely related in control hamsters.     

Renal functional response to captopril during diuretic therapy.

Antihypertensive agents may modify the renal effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI). This potential interaction, which is important in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension was studied in two rat models with and without diuretic treatment prior to ACEI. Acute intravenous administration of furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide in one-kidney, one-clamp animals (1K1C) did not change glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or effective renal plasma flow (ERPF). ACEI administration after furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide decreased GFR (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.01) but not ERPF. Chlorothiazide administered to 1K1C prior to ACEI, decreased GFR (p less than 0.02) but not ERPF captopril administration to 1K1C which received hydrochlorothiazide intraperitoneally for 7-10 days decreased GFR (p less than 0.007) and ERPF (p less than 0.02), while two-kidney, one-clamp animals (2K1C) decreased GFR only in the clamped kidney (p less than 0.005). ERPF in 2K1C increased only in the contralateral kidney (p less than 0.01). Without diuretic 1K1C animals decreased GFR and ERPF after ACEI (p less than 0.005, P less than 0.001). In the clamped kidney of 2K1C rats, GFR and ERPF decreased significantly (p less than 0.0005, p less than 0.004) and contralateral kidney ERPF increased (p less than 0.001), but GFR did not. The consequences of ACEI on GFR are similar with or without diuretic. These data suggest that diuretic therapy may not significantly interfere with ACEI evaluation of renovascular hypertension.     

Iodine-123 MIBG imaging before treatment of heart failure with carvedilol to predict improvement of left ventricular function and exercise capacity

BACKGROUND. We examined whether cardiac sympathetic imaging with iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) would predict improvement of left ventricular (LV) function and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure after treatment with carvedilol. METHODS AND RESULTS. Eighteen patients with heart failure and 5 control subjects underwent I-123 MIBG imaging. Heart-to-mediastinum ratios at 20 minutes and 3 hours and myocardial washout rates (WR) were measured. Of the 18 patients, 11 were randomized to receive carvedilol medication, whereas the remaining 7 received a placebo. Only the carvedilol group demonstrated a significant improvement in both heart failure functional class and LV ejection fraction (EF) 1 year after the start of medication. Within the carvedilol group, MIBG WR showed a significant inverse correlation with improvement in LVEF (rho = -0.74, P =.02). The diagnostic accuracy of WR for predicting EF response to carvedilol was 91%. WR also appeared to be inversely related to the peak oxygen consumption rate (rho = -0.65, P =.08), although this did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION. I-123 MIBG imaging appears useful in predicting which patients with heart failure are likely to show the most improvement in LV function and exercise capacity after carvedilol treatment. Further studies in this area appear to be warranted.     

Gallium-67 myocardial imaging for the detection of adriamycin cardiomyopathy

To detect Adriamycin cardiomyopathy, radionuclide myocardial imagings with Tl-201, Tc-99m pyrophosphate, I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine and Ga-67 were performed in a 49 year-old-woman receiving Adriamycin (a total dose of 230 mg/m2) for the treatment of breast cancer. This patient demonstrated symptoms of congestive heart failure 2 months after the last intravenous administration. At the period of performing the radionuclide studies, echocardiographic LV ejection fraction (EF) was 22%. Despite severe deterioration of cardiac function, Tl-201 SPECT demonstrated no defect and Tc-99m pyrophosphate (PYP) SPECT demonstrated no positive finding. I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy demonstrated no regional defect. However, I-123 MIBG washout rate during 4 hours was markedly enhanced, probably reflecting abnormalities of norepinephrine kinetics due to the progression of heart failure. Compared to these pharmaceuticals, Ga-67 was diffusely accumulated in the heart. Then, 5 months after the first study, when LV EF improved to 30% and congestive symptoms disappeared probably owing to beta-blockade therapy, myocardial accumulation of Ga-67 markedly reduced. It has been reported that Ga-67 accumulates in malignant tumor cells and leukocytes. Since, in Adriamycin cardiomyopathy, myocardial accumulation of leukocytes with myocardial fibrotic changes have been histologically demonstrated, the results of Ga-67 scintigraphy may reflect the accumulation of leukocytes. Thus, this case indicates that Ga-67 scintigraphy is advantageous for detecting Adriamycin cardiomyopathy and may be more useful than Tl-201 and Tc-99m PYP scintigraphies.