COPD急性加重期与稳定期患者血清白细胞介素水平变化及其与肺功能的相关性

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期与稳定期患者血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-8、IL-10水平变化及与肺功能的相关性.方法:按照病程将80例COPD患者分为急性加重期组(n=46)和稳定期组(n=34).另选取40名同期健康体检者作为对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附法检测受试者血清IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平,并对受试者肺功能进行测定.比较各组血清IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平及肺功能指标差异,并采用Pearson相关系数分析IL-6、IL-8、IL-10与肺功能之间的相关性.结果:COPD急性加重期组与稳定期组血清IL-6、IL-8水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),IL-10水平低于对照组(P<0.05),且急性加重期组血清IL-6、IL-8水平高于稳定期组(P<0.05),IL-10水平低于稳定期组(P<0.05).COPD急性加重期组与稳定期组FEV1、FEV1/FVC均低于对照组(P<0.05),且急性加重期组FEV1、FEV1/FVC低于稳定期组(P<0.05).相关性分析显示,在COPD急性加重期及稳定期患者中,血清IL-6、IL-8水平均与FEV1、FEV1/FVC呈负相关(P<0.05),IL-10水平与FEV1水平呈正相关(P<0.05).结论:COPD急性加重期、稳定期患者血清IL-6、IL-8呈高表达,IL-10呈低表达,且与肺功能损伤程度具有相关性.     

吸烟对COPD患者肺功能及IL-8和TNF-α的影响

目的通过测定慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)吸烟与非吸烟患者及健康人群的肺功能以及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)水平,探讨吸烟对COPD患者肺功能、TNF-α、IL-8水平的影响。方法选择2012年3⁵月来天津市宝坻区人民医院呼吸科门诊就诊的50例处于稳定期的COPD患者作为研究对象,根据是否吸烟分为COPD吸烟组和COPD非吸烟组,选取同期来医院进行健康体检的26健康人作为健康对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定所有受试者血清TNF-α、IL-8的水平,同时检测受试者的肺功能。结果 COPD吸烟组及COPD非吸烟组IL-8、TNF-α水平均显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05),而第一秒用力呼气量占用力肺活量百分率(FEV1%)则显著低于健康对照组(P<0.05);COPD吸烟组血清IL-8、TNF-α水平较COPD非吸烟组显著增高(P<0.05),FEV1%显著降低(P<0.05);COPD吸烟组受试者血清中IL-8、TNF-α水平与吸烟指数呈正相关(r=0.549,0.458,P<0.001),而FEV1%与吸烟指数呈明显负相关(r=-0.516,P<0.001)。结论吸烟可引起COPD患者血清IL-8、TNF-α水平升高,FEV1%降低。因此戒烟是预防和降低COPD发病率的重要措施,降低炎性因子的水平是改善COPD呼吸道炎症进展的新策略。     

IL-17、IL-18水平在西宁地区COPD发病机制研究

目的 探讨西宁地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性缓解期及急性发作期IL-17、IL-18水平变化.方法检测COPD急性发作期(n=76)、缓解期(n=31)和正常对照组(n=28)血清IL-17、IL-18水平,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定IL- 17、IL-18水平.结果 ①COPD急性期及稳定期血清IL-17、IL-18水平高于对照组,有统计学意义(p<0.05);② COPD急性期及稳定期血清IL-17、IL-18水平均高于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.05);③4COPD急性期及稳定期血中IL-17IL-18水平与FEV1.0占预计值 %均呈负相关.结论 COPD患者血清中IL-17、IL-18的水平与气道炎炎症和气流受限有关.     

Expression and significance of peripheral blood Th17 cells in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smokers with normal lung function

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者和肺功能正常吸烟者外周血中Th17细胞的表达及意义.方法 选取不吸烟肺功能正常者(A组)、吸烟肺功能正常者(B组)、轻中度(C组)及重度(D组)COPD稳定期患者为研究对象.流式细胞术检测外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中Th17细胞的百分比,ELISA检测血浆及PBMC刺激培养液中白介素(IL)-17的水平.结果 B、C和D组外周血Th17细胞、IL-17及均PBMC刺激培养液中IL-17水平高于A组(P<0.01);C组和D组外周血Th17细胞和IL-17均高于B组(P<0.01);D组外周血及PBMC刺激培养液中IL-17水平均高于C组(P<0.01);D组PBMC刺激培养液中IL-17水平高于B组(P<0.01).C、D组血浆及PBMC刺激培养液中IL-17水平与第一秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1)/预计值之间呈负相关;各研究组外周血和PBMC刺激培养液中IL-17水平均与外周血Th17细胞水平呈正相关;所有吸烟者外周血Th17细胞水平与吸烟年数呈正相关,C、D组外周血Th17细胞水平与吸烟年数无相关性.结论 Th17细胞及IL-17在COPD稳定期患者和肺功能正常吸烟者外周血中表达增加.肺功能正常吸烟者外周血Th17细胞水平与吸烟年数相关;COPD稳定期患者外周血IL-17与FEV1/预计值呈负相关,Th17细胞与FEV1/预计值及吸烟年数无相关性.     

血清IL-21、CXCL13水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的相关性研究

目的 探讨患者血清中IL-21、CXCL13水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)不同疾病状态的相关性及其临床意义.方法 收集20例健康非吸烟者、20例健康吸烟者、31例COPD稳定期患者和30例COPD急性加重期(acute exacerbation of COPD,AECOPD)患者的静脉血,经离心后取上清采用ELISA法检测血清中IL-21、CXCL13的水平,应用SPSS 21.0统计软件,采用单因素方差分析以及Pearson相关分析等方法,分析比较4组间IL-21、CXCL13水平的差异及相关性,并同时检测COPD稳定期组患者的肺功能及GOLD分级,分析肺功能、GOLD分级分别与IL-21、CXCL13水平的相关性.结果 AECOPD组患者血清中IL-21、CXCL13水平均明显高于COPD稳定期组、健康吸烟组、健康非吸烟组(P＜0.05);COPD稳定期组患者血清IL-21、CXCL13水平与健康吸烟组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但明显高于健康非吸烟组(P＜0.05);健康吸烟组血清中IL-21、CXCL13水平显著高于健康非吸烟组(P＜0.05).COPD稳定期组血清IL-21、CXCL13水平与患者肺功能中FEV1值呈负相关(r分别为-0.619、-0.505,P＜0.05),并与患者GOLD分级呈正相关(r分别为0.901、0.458,P＜0.05).COPD稳定期患者血清中IL-21水平与CXCL13水平呈正相关(r=0.424,P＜0.05).结论 健康吸烟人群、COPD稳定期和急性加重期患者血清中IL-21、CXCL13水平显著上升;COPD稳定期患者血清中IL-21、CXCL13水平与肺功能和疾病严重程度相关;IL-21、CXCL13可能在COPD进程中发挥促炎作用.     

肺功能正常吸烟者和慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺组织中白细胞介素17的表达及意义

目的 探讨白细胞介素17(IL-17)在肺功能正常吸烟者和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺部炎症反应发生机制中的作用.方法 将需手术治疗的周围型肺癌患者分为肺功能正常非吸烟组(NS组,10例)、肺功能正常吸烟组(S组,13例)和吸烟COPD稳定期组(COPD组,10例).于手术切除标本选取距肺癌病灶5 cm以上的新鲜正常肺组织,酶联免疫吸附试验检测各组肺组织匀浆IL-17含量,HE和维多利亚蓝+范吉逊染色检测各组平均肺泡面积、小气道病理总积分和肺腺泡肌型动脉(MA)管壁厚度,免疫组织化学方法检测IL-17+及CD4+、CD8+T细胞在肺泡壁、小气道壁及MA管壁的表达,分析IL-17表达与CD4+、CD8+T细胞以及与肺实质病理改变和肺功能指标的相关关系.结果 NS组、S组和COPD组肺组织匀浆IL-17含量分别为6.1(3.7～12.4)、9.7(3.5～69.7)和22.7(7.0～114.4)pg/mg,S组和COPD组明显高于明显NS组(P<0.05,P<0.01),COPD组明显高于S组(P<0.05);平均肺泡面积分别为(50 708±4 125)、(106 517±13 851)和(152 344±43 783)μm2,小气道病理总积分分别为(49±10)、(101±34)和(163±36)分,MA管壁厚度分别为(119±11)、(139±25)和(172±28)μm,S组和COPD组均明显高于NS组(P<0.05,P<0.01),COPD组明显高于S组(P<0.05,P<0.01).IL-17主要表达于肺实质浸润的炎症细胞,S组和COPD组肺泡壁、小气道壁及MA管壁IL-17+T细胞均明显多于NS组(均P<0.01),COPD组明显多于S组(均P<0.05).IL-17表达与平均肺泡面积(r=0.561)、小气道病理总积分(r=0.425)、MA管壁厚度(r=0.682)呈显著正相关(均P<0.05).肺泡壁、小气道壁和MA管壁中IL-17表达与CIM+、CD8+细胞呈显著正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01).肺组织匀浆IL-17含量与第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比呈显著负相关(r=-0.471,P<0.01).结论 lL-17在肺功能正常吸烟者和COPD患者肺组织中表达增高,与肺CIM+、CD8+T细胞及肺组织破坏、气道炎症、肺动脉重构和气流受限密切相关,提示IL-17在吸烟者和COPD患者肺部炎症反应发生机制中有促炎作用.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期诱导痰及血清超敏C反应蛋白在气道及机体的表达

目的评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者诱导痰及血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs CRP)的水平以及二者比值与其肺功能严重程度之间的相关性。方法连续收集2011年7月至2012年7月我院随访的稳定期COPD患者30例为研究对象,同时以30例健康志愿者为对照组,分别进行肺通气功能检查,采集诱导痰和空腹静脉血。测定诱导痰上清液和血清中hs CRP和IL-8的水平,评估他们与肺通气功能的相关性。结果 COPD稳定期患者诱导痰中hs CRP及IL-8水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);且COPD患者诱导痰与血清中IL-8的比值以及诱导痰与血清中hs CRP的比值亦明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。COPD稳定期患者诱导痰中hs CRP及IL-8水平,诱导痰及血清中IL-8及hs CRP的比值与患者气流受限的水平(FEV1/FVC)呈负相关(r值分别为-0.482,-0.477,-0.461,-0.524)。结论稳定期COPD患者体内存在着与气流受限呈负相关的IL-8及hs CRP增高的气道炎症,且炎症反应在气道的表达较COPD的系统性炎症更为明显。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血清白细胞介素32水平的变化及意义

目的测定慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）急性加重期和稳定期患者血清白细胞介素32（IL-32）水平,以探讨IL-32在COPD发病机制中的作用。方法 2010年10月至2011年5月收集120例COPD患者,急性加重期60例,稳定期60例。另选同期30例非吸烟健康受试者作为对照组。用ELISA法检测血清IL-32和IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）含量,同时测定肺功能（FEV1%pred、FEV1/FVC）,并分析IL-32水平与IL-8、TNF-α和气流阻塞之间的相关性。应用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析,多组数据间比较采用单因素方差分析,采用Pearson相关分析进行相关性检验。结果 COPD急性加重期组血清IL-32的含量[（174.56±88.15）ng/L]显著高于对照组[（59.41±20.98）ng/L]和COPD稳定期组[（89.40±33.84）ng/L]（P均〈0.01）,COPD稳定期组血清IL-32含量显著高于健康对照组（P值〈0.01）;COPD急性加重期组、稳定期组血清IL-32水平与IL-8、TNF-α呈正相关（P均〈0.01）,与FEV1%pred、FEV1/FVC和PaO2呈负相关（P均〈0.01）;不同严重程度COPD患者血清IL-8、TNF-α和IL-32含量比较无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。结论 COPD患者血清IL-32水平升高,可能与IL-8、TNF-α等炎性因子有关。IL-32可能作为一种促炎因子参与COPD的炎症反应。     

血清TLR4在COPD患者中的表达及其与肺功能、 mMRC分级及CAT评分的相关性研究

目的:探讨血清Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor4,TLR4)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)发病机制中的作用,并分析其与肺功能、改良英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难问卷(mMRC分级)及慢阻肺评估测试(CAT评分)的相关性。方法:选取2016年12月—2017年12月于我科就诊的吸烟COPD稳定期患者60例及同期于该院行健康体检的吸烟者45例、非吸烟者45例为研究对象,比较COPD稳定期患者与健康吸烟者、健康非吸烟者血清TLR4表达水平的差异,分析血清TLR4水平与COPD患者气流受限及症状评估指标第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV_1%pred)、mMRC分级、CAT评分的相关性。结果:COPD组血清TLR4水平高于健康吸烟组及健康非吸烟组(P均<0.05);COPD组血清TLR4水平与FEV_1%pred呈负相关(r=-0.623,P<0.05)。COPD组血清TLR4水平与mMRC分级呈正相关(r=0.326,P<0.05),与CAT评分呈正相关(r=0.589,P<0.05)。结论:血清TLR4参与了COPD的炎症免疫发病机制,且与患者气流受限严重程度、呼吸困难严重程度及健康损害程度具有相关性。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者诱导痰促炎/抗炎介质水平的变化

目的观察各期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者气道内促炎/抗炎介质的水平变化,阐明COPD气道局部炎症与气流受限的关系。方法检测48例COPD急性加重期患者入院第1d(加重期组)和治疗1周缓解后(缓解期组)、43例COPD稳定期患者(稳定期组),以及28例健康对照者(分为吸烟组和不吸烟组,各14例)诱导痰中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体55、75(sTNF-R55、sTNF-R75)水平,以及肺功能(FEV1、FEV1%pred、FEV1/FVC等)指标的变化。结果COPD缓解期较加重期TNF-α浓度显著下降(P<0.05),sTNF-R55浓度显著上升(P<0.05),sTNF-R75浓度亦上升但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。加重期和缓解期诱导痰中TNF-α和sTNF-R55水平均显著高于稳定期患者和对照组(P<0.05)。吸烟组TNF-α水平高于不吸烟组,sTNF-R55水平低于不吸烟组。加重期组痰TNF-α水平与FEV1、FEV1%pred呈显著负相关,而sTNF-R55和sTNF-R75水平与FEV1、FEV1%pred呈显著正相关。稳定期组FEV1与sTNF-R55水平呈显著正相关,与TNF-α无明显相关性。对照组sTNF-R55、sTNF-R75水平与肺功能无明显相关性。结论各期COPD患者气道内存在促炎介质和抗炎介质的失衡,抗炎介质水平增加有利于临床肺功能的改善。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.