姜黄素预处理后大鼠急性腹膜炎腹膜肿瘤坏死因子α的检测

目的 揭示姜黄素在由表皮葡萄球菌(S.epidermidis)所致的腹膜炎中对实验动物腹膜肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)表达的影响.方法 大鼠腹腔注射表皮葡萄球七前菌诱发急性腹膜炎,采用Western blot和逆转录聚合酶链反应,分别在造模后3,6,12,24和48 h各时点检测姜黄素处理组与无姜黄素处理组大鼠腹膜TNF-α蛋白和mRNA的表达情况.结果 大鼠腹膜TNF-α蛋白和mRNA的表达自感染后6～24 h出现时间依赖性升高.与无姜黄素处理组相比,姜黄素处理组实验动物腹膜TNF-α蛋白和mRNA表达降低.此外,姜黄素处理组腹膜细胞损伤较无姜黄素处理组轻.结论 姜黄素在由表皮葡萄球菌引起的急性腹膜炎中具有保护作用.     

腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎兔模型的病理形态学观察

用 12只新西兰大白兔分为腹膜炎组和对照组。腹膜炎组注射含活金黄色葡萄球菌的透析液 ,对照组为含生理盐水的透析液 ;观察腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎兔模型的病理变化。结果发现 :(1)腹膜炎组腹膜间皮细胞增生 ,水肿 ,血管扩张 ,炎症细胞浸润 ,对照组无变化。 (2 )腹膜炎组腹膜透液中葡萄糖浓度除 0min外 ,其他各时间点D/D0 葡萄糖均低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。 (3)腹膜炎组腹透液中肌酐浓度与血浆肌酐浓度比值 (D/Dcr)显著高于对照组中的浓度比值 (P <0 .0 5 )。 (4 )腹膜炎组透析液中WBC计数除O点外 ,其余各时间点明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。提示新西兰兔腹膜注射含活金黄色葡萄球菌 48h后 ,进行腹膜透析时 ,其腹膜病理改变与临床腹膜透析并发腹膜炎特征基本一致     

腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎兔模型的建立

目的 :研制符合临床特征腹膜透析腹膜炎的兔模型。方法 :新西兰兔 1 2只随机分为腹膜炎组和对照组 ,分别于腹腔内注入标准活金黄色葡萄球菌 3× 1 0 9cfu(腹膜炎组 )或生理盐水 1ml(对照组 ) ;48h后 ,在急性尿毒症模型下行腹膜透析 6h ,观察不同时点腹透液 (D)内葡萄糖浓度变化及肌酐 (Cr)、总蛋白 (TP)、白蛋白 (Alb)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)浓度与血清中浓度 (P)比值 (D/P)以及白细胞数的变化和水的超滤。结果 :腹膜炎组葡萄糖D/DO 低于对照组(P <0 .0 1 ) ;D/Pcr,D/PTP,D/PAl,D/PIgG及白细胞数均明显大于对照组 (均P <0 .0 5 ) ;引流量少于对照组 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :通过兔腹腔内给予标准活金黄色葡萄球菌研制出的腹膜透析腹膜炎模型 ,具有小分子溶质转运增加 ,大分子蛋白转运增加 ,超滤量减少和腹透液内白细胞数增多等特点 ,与腹膜透析并发腹膜炎患者临床特征基本一致 ,是一个较理想的腹膜透析腹膜炎兔模型     

腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎危险因素

目的研究腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎致病菌、危险因素以及预后。方法选取2014年1月至2017年3月于本院进行腹膜透析的188例患者为研究对象,根据是否发生腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎分为未发生组(104例)和发生组(84例),确诊后24 h内,无菌留取透析液进行致病菌分析。采用单因素及Logistic回归多因素分析导致腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎发生的危险因素,并统计患者转归情况。结果 84例腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎患者共检出病原菌122株,其中革兰阳性菌75株(61.48%),以表皮葡萄球菌为主,革兰阴性菌44株(36.06%),真菌3株(2.46%)。单因素及Logistic多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥55岁、合并糖尿病及胃肠道紊乱、白蛋白30 g/L、血红蛋白90 g/L是腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎发生的危险因素(P0.05)。84例发生组中治愈78例,治愈率为92.86%(78/84),退出腹膜透析治疗6例,发生率为7.14%(6/84),均为革兰阴性菌感染,且3例合并真菌感染。结论年龄大、合并糖尿病及胃肠道紊乱、白蛋白低、贫血是腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎发生的危险因素。对于革兰阴性菌或者真菌感染的患者治疗效果较差,临床应根据患者致病菌检查结果选择治疗方案。     

单中心腹膜透析葡萄球菌属相关性腹膜炎分析

目的:探讨我院腹膜透析中心腹膜透析葡萄球菌属相关性腹膜炎特征。方法:回顾分析我院腹膜透析中心2009—2016年所发生的葡萄球菌属腹膜透析相关腹膜炎临床资料,根据腹膜透析液培养结果将患者分成葡萄球菌属腹膜炎组与非葡萄球菌属腹膜炎组,分析两组间人口学特征,分析不同时间段细菌耐药菌变化趋势和临床结局。结果:8年期间发生收集细菌培养阳性腹膜炎230例次,其中葡萄球菌属腹膜炎75例次占32.6%,致病菌以表皮葡萄球菌为主57.3%,治愈率94.7%,病死率1.33%。葡萄球菌耐药率随时间推移有增高趋势,不同时间段葡萄球菌腹膜炎结局大致相同,男性比女性更易患葡萄球菌腹膜炎,葡萄球菌属腹膜炎组中年龄较非葡萄球菌属腹膜炎组年轻(P=0.018),且透析龄更短(P=0.049)。结论:我院腹膜透析中心葡萄球菌属腹膜炎致病菌耐药率有上升趋势,临床结局大致相同,患者有年轻化透析龄短特征,应加强年轻短透析龄患者及男性患者教育,提高我院腹膜透析中心透析质量。     

腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎兔模型的病理形态学观察

用12只新西兰大白兔分为腹膜炎和对照组。腹膜炎组注射含活金黄色葡萄球菌的透析液,对照组为含生理盐水的透析液;观察腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎兔模型的病理变化。结果发现：（1）腹膜炎组腹膜间皮细胞增生,水肿,血管扩张,炎症细胞浸润,对照组无变化。（2）腹膜炎组腹膜透液中葡萄糖浓度除0min外,其他各时间点D／D0葡萄糖均低于对照组（P＜0．01）（3）腹膜炎组腹透液中肌酐浓度与血浆肌酐浓度比值（D／D cr)显著高于对照组中的浓度比值（P＜0．05）。（4）腹膜炎组透析中WBC计数除0点外,其余各时间点明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）。提示新西兰兔腹膜为注射含活金黄色葡萄球菌48h后,进行腹膜透析时,其腹膜病变改变与腹膜透析并发腹膜炎特征基本一致。     

姜黄素通过抑制外伤性癫痫鼠脑组织中mTORC1的表达发挥抗癫痫效应

目的 探讨姜黄素在外伤性癫痫鼠中的抗癫痫效应及对哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物1(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR complex 1,mTORC1))表达的影响.方法 120只SD雄性大鼠按抽签法随机分为对照组、模型组和干预组,每组40只.模型组与干预组构建大鼠皮质铁离子注射癫痫模型,对照组予以生理盐水注射,干预组于造模前1h腹腔注射姜黄素,连续14 d.各实验组于造模后6、24 h、3、7、14 d时间点进行相应实验.观察大鼠癫痫发作情况,记录大鼠皮层脑电图特点,透射电镜观察注射侧皮层神经元,Western blot检测大鼠注射侧皮层mTORC1蛋白的表达及其磷酸化程度(p-mTORCl),免疫组化法检测p-mTORCl蛋白在大鼠注射侧皮层中的表达.结果 对照组未见癫痫发作,干预组较模型组癫痫发作次数明显减少(P＜0.05),发作程度明显减轻(P＜0.05);脑电图提示干预组脑电波波幅及癫痫波次数较模型组明显减低(P＜0.05);电镜见模型组大鼠神经元变性、死亡等改变,干预组大鼠神经元亚细胞结构基本正常;Western blot检测结果显示mTORC1蛋白在模型组中各时间点磷酸化激活程度均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),并于术后24 h达到峰值,在干预组中p-mTORCl显著低于模型组(P＜0.05);免疫组化结果提示p-mTORC1在对照组中低表达,模型组中显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),干预组中p-mTORC1显著低于模型组(P＜0.05).结论 在外伤性癫痫大鼠中,姜黄素可能通过抑制mTORC1磷酸化激活而发挥抗癫痫效应.     

阿司匹林通过调节CTRP6抑制糖尿病大鼠心肌纤维化和炎症反应

目的探究阿司匹林对糖尿病大鼠心肌纤维化和炎症反应的影响及其分子作用机制。方法选取SPF级,雄性,SD大鼠,随机分为三组:对照组(Control组)、糖尿病组(DM组)和阿司匹林药物干预组(Aspirin组)。Control组:腹腔注射生理盐水; DM组:腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)(60 mg/kg)构造糖尿病大鼠模型;Aspirin组:先腹腔注射STZ 60 mg/kg,再以1 mg/(kg·d)阿司匹林大鼠灌胃处理。10周后超声心动图检测大鼠心脏结构与功能变化; Masson染色观察大鼠心肌纤维化状况; ELSIA检测心肌炎症因子(IL-β、IL-6、TNF-α)含量; RTPCR和Western blot检测心肌组织CTRP6 mRNA和蛋白表达变化。结果与Control组相比,DM组大鼠心脏功能异常和结构损伤,心肌纤维化状况显著,心肌IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量显著增加(P0.01),RT-PCR和Western blot检测显示心肌组织CTRP6表达显著降低(P0.01);与DM组相比,Aspirin组大鼠心脏功能恢复和结构改善,心肌纤维化程度显著降低,心肌IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量下降(P0.05,P0.01),心肌组织CTRP6 mRNA和蛋白表达升高(P0.05,P0.01)。结论阿司匹林可以抑制糖尿病大鼠心肌纤维化和炎症反应其机制涉及促进CTRP6表达。     

腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎动物模型的构建

腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎是腹膜透析的严重并发症之一,其严重影响患者的生存率。动物模型是研究腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎不可或缺的工具,对于研究腹膜炎的病理机制以及治疗有重要意义。目前构建腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎模型所采用的动物主要是大鼠和小鼠,细菌、脂多糖以及真菌是常用的造模试剂,腹腔直接注射造模试剂法、通过腹膜透析导管造模法以及腹膜刮擦法是常用的造模方法。不同研究所选用的模型动物、造模试剂、方法根据实验目的各不相同。未来应更深入研究与人类腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎更接近的动物模型,以完全反映腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎,从而为腹膜炎的治疗提供基础。     

Ghrelin在重症急性胰腺炎并发肾损伤中的作用

目的探讨Ghrelin在重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）并肾损伤中的作用以及外源性褪黑素对其的影响。方法 72只大鼠随机分为对照组（C组,n=24）、SAP组（A组,n=24）和褪黑素干预组（M组,n=24）。A组分3次腹腔内注射6%L-精氨酸（L-Arg）1.5g·kg^-1·次^-1建立SAP模型;C组同法注射等量生理盐水;M组于首次注射L-Arg前0.5h腹腔内注射1%褪黑素50μg/kg。各实验组大鼠于末次腹腔内注射后6h、12h和24h分批处死。光镜下对胰腺和肾组织进行病理学评分,用血清淀粉酶试剂盒测定血清淀粉酶,用ELISA检测血清IL-6,应用RT-PCR检测肾脏Ghrelin及NF-κB p65mRNA表达。结果 A组各时点胰腺及肾脏病理评分、血清淀粉酶及IL-6、肾脏NF-κB p65mRNA表达均较C组显著升高（P〈0.05）,而同时点Ghrelin mRNA表达较C组明显降低（P〈0.05）;M组各时点胰腺及肾脏病理评分、血清淀粉酶及IL-6、肾脏NF-κB p65mRNA表达均较A组显著降低（P〈0.05）,而同时点Ghrelin mRNA表达较A组升高（P〈0.05）。结论 Ghrelin在急性胰腺炎并肾损伤时的表达可能与病变严重程度有关。外源性褪黑素可能通过抑制NF-κB p65的表达而减轻急性胰腺炎并肾损伤,并可能使Ghrelin在肾脏中表达增多。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.