带蒂胸大肌皮瓣在头颈外科修复中的应用

目的探讨带蒂胸大肌复合组织瓣在头颈肿瘤切除后组织缺损一期修复的方法及适应证.方法采用带蒂胸大肌岛状复合组织瓣一期修复口腔癌7例,口咽癌、腮腺癌各1例.结果9例均获满意的外观和功能,2例皮瓣部分坏死,均经换药痊愈.结论带蒂胸大肌皮瓣可以满足颌面中部以下,口腔,颈部覆盖组织及衬里大面积缺损的修复,修复瓣成活率相对较高.     

股前外侧皮瓣修复口底癌术后缺损

目的:评价股前外侧皮瓣在口底癌术后缺损修复中的应用价值.方法: 2005年3月至2007年6月,应用吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣一期修复口底癌术后缺损10例.皮瓣大小为12cm×5cm至6cm×4cm.结果:10例皮瓣全部成活,外观满意.口腔功能基本恢复.随访2月到26个月,10例患者均健在.其中1例于术后6个月局部复发,再次行局部扩大切除及股前外侧皮瓣修复.结论: 吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣血管蒂长,血管口径大,供瓣区隐蔽.是一种适合口底缺损修复的游离皮瓣.     

带蒂胸大肌皮瓣在头颈外科修复中的应用

目的：探讨带蒂胸大肌复合组织瓣在头颈肿瘤切除后组织缺损一期修复的方法及适应证,方法：采用带蒂胸大肌岛状复合组织瓣一期修复口腔癌7例,口咽癌,腮腺癌各1例,结果：9例均获满意的外观和功能,2例皮瓣部分坏死,均经换药痊愈。结论：带蒂胸大肌皮瓣可以满足颌面中部以下,口腔,颈部覆盖组织及衬里大面积缺损的修复,修复瓣成活率相对较高。     

颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复口底组织缺损的临床研究

目的:研究颈阔肌肌皮瓣在口底恶性肿瘤切除术后口底组织缺损即刻修复中的应用价值。方法:对9例口底恶性肿瘤切除后遗留的口底组织缺损行颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复,其中6例口底鳞癌患者修复与颈淋巴清除术同期进行,1例同时行下颌骨矩形方块切除,3例为舌下腺腺样囊性癌患者行口底局部扩大切除术。结果:9例颈阔肌肌皮瓣全部成活;3例在肌皮瓣尖端与舌腹部黏膜组织间出现裂开,长2.0～3.0cm,给予清创重新缝合后愈合;3例皮瓣远端少许淤血,未影响愈合。术后6个月复查,所有患者皮瓣收缩不明显,所修复的口底形态及舌体活动功能良好。结论:颈阔肌肌皮瓣血供丰富、解剖恒定可靠、邻近口腔、制作方便、简单快捷和成功率高,是修复口底组织缺损的一种安全选择。     

舌骨下肌皮瓣在头颈部恶性肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨舌骨下肌皮瓣在头颈肿瘤外科术后缺损修复中的应用.方法应用舌骨下肌皮瓣一期修复头颈肿瘤术后缺损8例,其中舌癌2例,口底癌4例,颊癌2例.结果6例肌皮瓣全部成活,2例皮肤坏死,肌瓣成活,经换药创面愈合.供区均直接缝合,无继发畸形.结论舌骨下肌皮瓣与头颈部邻近,其血供稳定,用于头颈部肿瘤术后缺损修复中不失为一种较好的方法.     

胸大肌肌皮瓣修复口腔口咽癌手术后组织缺损

目的:总结胸大肌岛状肌皮瓣应用于口腔口咽癌手术所致大型组织缺损的体会及其应用价值.方法:对51例因口腔癌或口咽癌手术治疗导致口腔颌面大型组织缺损的患者均选用胸大肌岛状肌皮瓣同期整复.结果:51例胸大肌肌皮瓣中43例完全成活,1例肌皮瓣皮肤完全坏死,7例远心端部分皮肤坏死.所有组织缺损,伤口愈合,患者术后语音和吞咽功能得到修复.结论:胸大肌肌皮瓣解剖变异较小,血供可靠,皮瓣制作简便安全,组织量大,是同期整复口腔颌面部大型组织缺损合适材料.     

颌面部恶性肿瘤术后洞穿性缺损的瓦合式胸大肌肌皮瓣的修复

目的为解决颌面部恶性肿瘤根治性切除术后所致的颌面洞穿性缺损的修复问题,以提高病人的生存质量.方法1990～1998年用瓦合式胸大肌肌皮瓣带蒂移转修复颌面部洞穿性缺损14例.分别为口颊癌12例、牙龈癌2例,肿瘤根治术后形成洞穿性缺损.将胸大肌肌皮瓣折叠形成瓦合瓣,一部分肌皮瓣做口腔衬里,一部分肌皮瓣修复面部缺损,手术一次性完成.结果14例瓦合式胸大肌肌皮瓣全部成活,成功率为100%,术后随访1～3年,颌面部外形及功能改善良好,被修复区不显臃肿.结论颌面洞穿性缺损即刻修复是可行的,瓦合式胸大肌肌皮瓣是较好的修复材料,成功率高,临床上应用可取得功能和外形同时修复的效果.     

应用胸大肌皮瓣修复舌癌术后广泛缺损的探讨

目的　探讨用胸大肌岛状肌皮瓣对晚期舌癌术后广泛缺损的修复方法。方法　对 12例晚期舌癌根治切除后 ,根据其不同位置及术后缺损大小 ,采用带血管蒂的胸大肌岛状肌皮瓣以不同的方式即期修复缺损。结果　本组 12例中 ,术后肌皮瓣皮层坏死 2例 ,淋巴瘘 2例 ,吞咽障碍合并气管套管拔除困难者 1例 ,经 3月～ 12年随访 ,1例 3月后因感染出血死亡 ,2例术后 1年癌肿复发 ,1例术后 1年发生对侧颈淋巴结转移 ,其余 8例无瘤生存 3～ 12年。结论　晚期舌癌尤其是舌根癌手术切除仍为主要治疗手段之一 ,术后广泛缺损采用胸大肌岛状肌皮瓣即期修复 ,操作比较简单 ,并发症少 ,成功率较高 ,语言及吞咽功能恢复良好     

改良带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣在头颈肿瘤外科的应用

胸大肌肌皮瓣自问世以来 ,已广泛地应用于临床并收到良好的效果。但是 ,标准术式仍有一定缺点 ,如术后出现同侧胸大肌功能障碍 ,同侧上胸部皮肤遭到破坏 ,蒂部体积较大以至蒂部的长度变短 ,颈部臃肿。而保存胸大肌功能的岛状肌肌皮瓣的术式克服了这些缺点 ,使皮瓣更加完善。我科1999年起采用此方法修复头颈部恶性肿瘤术后的组织缺损共 9例 ,取得满意效果。材料和方法一　研究对象　本组 9例中男性 7例 ,女性 2例 ,年龄40— 72岁 ;舌根癌 2例 ,口底癌 1例 ,腮腺癌 1例 ,鼻咽癌放疗后颈部转移累及皮肤 4例 ,喉癌颈部转移 1例。岛状肌肌皮瓣的…     

胸大肌皮瓣重建口底缺损22例护理体会

我院自2000年2月～2006年4月,对22例行口底癌根治术后的组织缺损采用胸大肌皮瓣重建的患者,进行了专人的整体护理,取得了满意的效果,现报道如下.     

三叶前臂皮瓣在口底癌术后缺损修复重建中的应用

目的探讨改良的三叶前臂皮瓣在口底癌术后缺损修复中的应用价值。方法 2016年6月至2019年12月湖南省肿瘤医院收治的口底癌患者12例, T分期均为T2期, 其中高分化鳞状细胞癌9例, 中分化鳞状细胞癌3例。肿瘤切除及颈部淋巴结清扫术后, 缺损面积为5.0 cm×4.5 cm至8.0 cm×6.0 cm。制备三叶前臂皮瓣修复缺损, 皮瓣大小为4.0 cm×1.5 cm至8.0 cm×2.0 cm。供区Z形直接缝合。结果 12例患者术后皮瓣均成活, 创面Ⅰ期愈合。供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合。平均随访38.6个月, 患者无感觉、功能障碍, 吞咽、语言功能满意。结论三叶前臂皮瓣可有效修复口底癌术后缺损, 同时供区能直接缝合, 避免因植皮造成的第2供区以及植皮后影响前臂功能。     

Intraoral squamous cell carcinoma. Epidemiologic patterns in Connecticut from 1935 to 1985

There were 6181 cases of invasive intraoral squamous cell carcinoma accessioned by the Connecticut State Tumor Registry from 1935 to 1985. Cases were analyzed for age, sex, lesion site, and histologic differentiation. Crude, age-specific, and age-adjusted incidence rates plus birth cohort analyses were also calculated. It was found that incidence rates for both men and women increased over the 51-year period of study. For men, age-adjusted incidence rates (1970 United States standard) increased from 4.9/100,000 in 1935 to 1939 to 8.5/100,000 in 1980 to 1985; for women, rates increased from 0.5/100,000 to 3.3/100,000 for the same period. The male-to-female ratio for intraoral squamous cell carcinoma declined dramatically from 9.8 to 2.6 during the 51-year study period primarily because of the steep rate of increased incidence in women relative to that seen in men. The peak age of intraoral squamous cell carcinoma was the seventh decade. Age-specific analysis showed that the older the age group, the higher the incidence for both sexes. During recent years, there was evidence of slightly increased incidence in men younger than 40. The tongue was the most common site for intraoral squamous cell carcinoma, followed closely by the floor of the mouth. Moderately differentiated tumors were most common (54.3% of the total), followed by both well-differentiated cases (29.1%) and those that were poorly differentiated (16.6%).     

Perivascular-submandibular lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of mouth.

AIMS: The goal of this study was to investigate the incidence of occult metastasis in perivascular lymph node and nodal recurrence in these nodal pads in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue and floor of mouth. METHODS: We performed a prospective analysis of the incidence of an occult metastasis in the perivascular lymph nodes in 55 patients (41 with an oral tongue carcinoma and 14 with a mouth floor carcinoma) who underwent an elective supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOHND) for SCC of the tongue and floor of mouth, from 1997 to 2002. 99 SOHND procedures were performed as follows: 72 in tongue carcinomas and 27 in the mouth floor carcinomas. RESULT: Clinically occult, but pathologically positive perivascular lymph nodes occurred in four of 72 of the tongue carcinomas and two of 27 of the mouth floor carcinomas. The incidence of the regional recurrence at level I was three of 45. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary report reveals a small incidence of perivascular lymph-node metastases and the infrequent nodal recurrence in this area after SOHND in early-staged tongue and floor of mouth SCC.     

Anatomical site and size of 222 early asymptomatic oral squamous cell carcinomas: a continuing prospective study of oral cancer. II.

The site and size of 222 asymptomatic, primarily erythroplastic, cancers of the oral mucosa in 161 patients have been prospectively documented. Of 207 intraoral lesions (excluding 15 of the lip), 201 (97.1%) were found in three locations; floor of the mouth (101), ventral or lateral tongue (36), and soft palate complex (64). Of the 101 in the floor of the mouth, 73 occurred in the anterior portion with 33 involving the papilla at exit of Wharton's Duct (submaxillary gland). Of the cancers 84.2% were 2 cm or less and 41.9% were 1 cm or less. Of the lesions 2 cm or less 70.6% were invasive carcinoma. Minimal size does not preclude invasiveness. In view of the apparent predilection of oral carcinoma for particular sites (where there is no obvious agent), rather than random occurrence, the three aforementioned sites are designated as high risk areas which deserve particular scrutiny in an examination of the oral cavity. It is incumbent upon the clinician to biopsy all asymptomatic, persisten (14 days or more) mucosal aberrations in the high risk areas, especially those with erythroplastic components, regardless of size.     

Breast metastases from a floor of the mouth carcinoma

Metastases to the breast from extramammary tumours are uncommon and metastatis of floor of the mouth carcinoma to the breast is extremely rare. The clinical outcome of these patients remains dismal. We report the case of breast metastases from a floor of the mouth carcinoma successfully treated by conservative surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy with no demonstrable metastases 33 months after the initial diagnosis.     

Analysis of time-dose factors in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue and floor of mouth treated with radiation therapy alone

This is a retrospective analysis of 147 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue and floor of mouth who were treated with radical radiation therapy at the University of Florida between October 1964 and December 1977. Control of the primary lesion was analyzed in respect to total dose, time, treatment modality, and split vs. continuous course therapy. There is an increase in local control of T2 lesions of the oral tongue with treatment by radium alone or radium and less than 3000 rad external beam irradiation as compared to radium and 3000 rad or more external beam (p = 0.02) and in T3 lesions of the floor of mouth with treatment by radium and 3000 rad or more external beam as compared to external beam alone (p = 0.11). Analysis of time-dose factors reveals an increase in local control with increasing dose over shorter periods of time in T3 lesions of the floor of mouth and T2–3 lesions of the oral tongue. Whereas dose appears to be important in all of these groups, overall treatment time appears to influence local control more in oral tongue lesions than in floor of mouth lesions.     

Identification of risk factors for specific subsites within the oral and oropharyngeal region--a study of 647 cancer patients

Studies on site specific risks for oral cancers are few. Present investigation explores the possible role of human sociodemographic factors in causing oral cancer. Majority of patients had poor oral hygiene (85.5%) and belonged to 51-60 years age group (35.7%). Most of the subjects were agriculture workers (30.3%). Tongue and floor of mouth included majority of the affected sites (77.2%). Male to female ratio was highest for tonsil (32.3%) but differed marginally for other subsites. Majority of females used tobacco (81%) while males users of tobacco, alcohol and smoking reported in nearly equal proportions. Tobacco and smoking were found as primary risk factors for several intraoral subsites. However, for tongue, palate and lip no risk factor could be identified from given patients' characteristics. In general, tobacco posed high risk for buccal mucosa and alveolus in comparison to other subsites. Smoking affected tonsil and floor of mouth more than other sites. Alcohol posed more risk for buccal mucosa and floor of mouth than tongue.     

One stage reconstruction of the floor of the mouth with a subcutaneous pedicled nasolabial flap

BackgroundNasolabial flaps have been recognised as versatile flaps for a variety of defects in the face, nose, lip and the oral cavity. Random pattern inferiorly based nasolabial flaps (NLF) have been utilised for covering small defects on the anterior floor of the mouth, but usually require a second stage procedure to divide the flap base. A subcutaneous pedicled inferiorly based nasolabial flap can provide a one stage repair of moderate sized defects of the floor of the mouth after de epithelialisation of the base of the flap.AimTo evaluate the feasibility of a single stage reconstruction of intermediate sized defects in the oral cavity with an inferiorly based pedicled NLF. The study includes the indications of use of the flap, flap design, technique, and the complications rate. The incidence of secondary procedures and the final functional and the aesthetic results will also be evaluated.Materials and methodsA group of 20 patients presented with (T1–2) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity have been treated at the Department of Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Cairo; in the period between January 2008 and September 2010. The pathology was confirmed with an incision biopsy and all metastatic work were carried out confirming that all patients were free from distant metastasis at presentation. Preoperative assessment also included assessment of the stage of the disease, the flap design and patient fitness for general anaesthesia. All patients underwent surgical excision combined with reconstruction of the defect with a subcutaneous inferiorly based pedicled NLF. The proximal part of the flap was routinely de epithelialised before it has been tunnelled through the cheek so a one stage procedure could only be required.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 62.3 ± 6 years, range (52–69 years). All patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. The anterior floor of the mouth constituted 40% of the defects, the lateral floor of the mouth 20% and the inner surface of the cheek 40%. There was no reported major complication; and only one patient suffered a reactionary haemorrhage that required re-exploration to secure the bleeder. A single procedure was adequate in most patients (80%), only 20% of patients required revision of the scar at the donor site or release of the tongue. The overall aesthetic results were either very satisfactory or satisfactory in the majority of patients (90%). Two patients were not satisfied with the final aesthetic results, one suffered from ectropion and the other had a donor site wound healing problem. The functional results (deglutition, speech) were satisfactory in most patients (70%), all were edentulous.ConclusionAn inferiorly based pedicled NLF is a reliable flap for the reconstruction of small and medium sized defects in the oral cavity. The flap can be best utilised for old edentulous and high risk patients where it can be used as a single stage procedure which is particularly useful in those types of patients. The flap can be safely combined with neck dissection even when the facial artery was ligated.     

口底鳞状细胞癌颈淋巴结转移规律及处理的探讨

背景与目的：口底癌颈淋巴结转移规律方面的研究较少,本研究探讨口底癌颈淋巴结转移的分布特点和合理的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析经根治性治疗的79例口底鳞癌病例,比较其临床和病理阳性淋巴结分布差异;比较临床淋巴结阳性组经根治性颈清扫术,上半颈清扫术术后颈部的复发率和临床淋巴结阴性组经根治性颈清扫术,上半颈清扫术,颌下三角清扫术的复发率,及临床观察组颈部的复发率。结果：临床和病理阳性淋巴结分布都以Ⅱ区为主,分别占61.8%和40.0%。其次是Ⅰ区和/或Ⅲ区,而Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ区则极少;临床淋巴结阳性组中根治性颈清扫术术后颈部的复发率低于上半颈清扫术者,但无统计学意义（X^2=3.403,P=0.065);临床颈淋巴结阴性组中上半颈清扫术,颌下三角清扫术,临床观察等方法处理的颈部复发率分别是11.1%(1/9),40.0%(2/5)和23.5%(4/17),组间差异无统计学意义（X^2=1.554,P=0.46)。结论：口底鳞癌颈淋巴结转移的分布主要在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区;临床颈淋巴结阴性者宜进行Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区（上半颈）淋巴结清扫术。     

Management of malignant sublingual salivary gland tumors

The majority of tumors of the sublingual gland are malignant, with adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma being the most frequent. Many other malignant tumor types have also been reported. The sublingual gland anatomically is not a unit organ and while it is described anatomically as being confined to the anterior floor of the mouth, salivary tissue may be located laterally along the submandibular duct and posterior floor of the mouth. Diagnosis should be suspected when any thickening or raised lesion presents in this area and a biopsy performed to confirm malignancy before planning further treatment. Surgery is the treatment of choice, and should include an en-block resection of the anterior floor of mouth as a minimum, and may include a portion of mandible, as well as a supraomohyoid neck dissection. Adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered in most of the patients after surgical excision.