川芎嗪促进急性放射损伤小鼠骨髓造血修复作用的研究

目的　探讨川芎嗪促进急性放射损伤小鼠骨髓造血修复可能的机理。方法　取 5 6只昆明小鼠 ,随机分为 3组 :正常组、对照组和川芎嗪组。对照组和川芎嗪组进行6 0 Coγ射线一次性全身均匀照射 ,总吸收剂量为 6 0Gy ,吸收剂量率为 0 5 6Gy min ,照射后分别胃饲相同剂量 (2mg 只 ,2次 d)的生理盐水和川芎嗪 ,分别于照射后第 3、7、14天计数骨髓单个核细胞 (BMNC) ,检测骨髓组织中造血组织面积和血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)及骨髓单个核细胞PECAM 1的表达水平。结果　川芎嗪组第 3、7、14天BMNC计数及骨髓造血组织面积均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;川芎嗪组VEGF、PECAM 1的表达水平在第 3、7天明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,而第 14天其表达降低并明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　川芎嗪可能通过增强骨髓中黏附分子PECAM 1和VEGF的表达 ,以促进急性放射损伤后造血细胞和造血微环境的修复     

放射损伤小鼠骨髓组织中bFGF、VEGF的表达

目的　探讨放射损伤对小鼠骨髓组织中bFGF、VEGF表达的影响。方法　采用免疫组织化学SABC法 ,检测昆明小鼠经 6 0Gy6 0 Coγ射线一次性全身均匀照射后不同时间骨髓组织中bFGF、VEGF表达水平的变化。结果　放射损伤后 ,小鼠骨髓组织中bFGF、VEGF表达水平显著低于正常组 (P <0 0 1) ,随时间延长 ,骨髓组织中bFGF、VEGF表达有所恢复 ,但 14d时仍未恢复正常 ;骨髓组织中bFGF表达与VEGF表达呈正相关 (r=0 82 4 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　辐射所致骨髓微环境损伤与骨髓组织中bFGF、VEGF表达异常有关     

放射复合伤对小鼠骨髓基质细胞粘附功能的影响

分别采用流式细胞仪、细胞粘附实验和细胞粘附阻断实验,观察了单纯放射损伤(单放组)、单纯烧伤(单烧组)和放射复合伤(复合伤组)小鼠骨髓基质细胞表达细胞粘附分子(VCAM-1)、纤维连接素(Fn)、层粘素(Ln)和Ⅳ型胶原(Col Ⅳ ) 的变化,以及基质细胞贴壁层对骨髓单个核细胞的粘附能力和对粒-单系造血祖细胞集落形成(GM-CFU)能力的影响.结果:①骨髓基质细胞表达VCAM-1、Fn、Ln和ColⅣ水平单烧组＞正常组＞复合伤组＞单放组;②基质细胞贴壁层对骨髓单个核细胞的粘附能力:伤后第3～7天,单烧组显著高于正常组(P<0.05～0.01)、单放组低于正常组(P<0.05～0.01)、复合伤组显著低于正常组(P<0.01).提示,骨髓微环境基质细胞粘附功能的损伤可能是放射复合伤造血功能障碍发生的机制之一.     

胚胎期受辐射对子鼠造血基质细胞功能的影响

目的　研究胚胎期 2 0Gy137Csγ射线照射后对子鼠造血基质细胞的远期影响。方法　建立胚胎期受辐射小鼠模型 ;以细胞计数检测股骨骨髓有核细胞 (BMNCs)数 ;用免疫组化ABC法检测基质细胞粒单系集落刺激因子 (GM CSF)和干细胞因子 (SCF)的表达 ;用体外小鼠骨髓细胞培养法以粒单细胞系祖细胞集落形成单位 (CFU GM )为指标观察基质细胞对正常骨髓造血的支持功能。结果　胚胎期受辐射小鼠BMNCs数明显低于正常小鼠 (P <0 0 1) ,其骨髓基质细胞生长因子GM CSF和SCF的表达均高于正常小鼠 (P <0 0 5 ) ,同时 ,胚胎期受辐射小鼠骨髓基质细胞对正常骨髓造血的支持能力也高于正常小鼠 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　 2 0Gy137Csγ射线对发育中的小鼠胚胎的造血基质细胞产生了明显影响。     

川芎嗪促进放射损伤小鼠骨髓微环境修复的信号传导机理研究

目的　探讨川芎嗪对放射损伤小鼠骨髓造血微环境的影响及其信号传导机理。方法小鼠经60 Coγ射线 (6 0Gy)照射后即胃饲磷酸川芎嗪注射液 ,4mg 只 ,2次 d,连续 1 3d。分别于照射后第 3 ,7,1 4天处死小鼠 ,取尺骨制备石蜡切片 ,用免疫组化方法检测骨髓组织中因子Ⅷ相关抗原和VEGF受体flk 1的表达水平 ;培养骨髓基质细胞 ,用Westernblot方法分析骨髓基质细胞黏着斑激酶(磷酸化FAK)的表达水平。结果　川芎嗪组小鼠造血恢复明显比对照组快 ,照射后第 1 4天 ,川芎嗪组骨髓组织flk 1染色吸光度值 (A)显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5) ,其基质细胞磷酸化FAK的表达在第1 4天时已接近正常水平 ,而对照组的表达仍较弱。结论　川芎嗪可以促进骨髓内皮细胞上flk 1的表达和基质细胞中FAK的磷酸化 ,是改善放射损伤小鼠骨髓微环境、促进造血恢复的的机理之一     

Notch信号在放射损伤小鼠骨髓基质细胞中的表达

目的探讨小鼠骨髓基质细胞放射损伤后Notch信号的表达。方法应用小鼠骨髓基质细胞体外放射损伤模型，采用RT-PCR检测了小鼠骨髓基质细胞Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1基因的表达。结果正常小鼠骨髓基质细胞中未见Notch1受体、Notch1配体Jagged1、Notch通路活化的下游基因Hes1mRNA的表达，给予^60Coγ射线照射后2h即可见上述基因的表达，照射后4h达高峰，8～12h恢复正常。各组间比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论γ射线作用于小鼠骨髓基质细胞后有Notch通路的活化。Notch通路参与了小鼠骨髓基质细胞的放射损伤过程。     

放射性核素支架预防血管再狭窄的基础及动物实验研究

目的　探讨放射性核素对培养平滑肌细胞增殖及凋亡的作用及其机制 ,观察放射性核素支架预防再狭窄的可行性及有效性。方法　将培养平滑肌细胞分为188Re照射组与非照射组 ,应用细胞及分子生物学技术 ,研究了放射性核素188Re对离体平滑肌细胞增殖、凋亡、次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶 (HPRT)基因突变的作用 ;将兔损伤髂动脉内随机放置放射性支架与非放射性支架 ,观察了放射性核素支架对动物血管再狭窄模型的预防作用。结果　与非照射组比较 ,188Reβ辐射 (放射比活度为 0 74、1 4 8、2 2 2、2 96、3 70GBq/L)能够明显抑制平滑肌细胞的增殖 ,抑制细胞增殖率 (1 4 8～3 70GBg/L) [(10 0 0 %vs 34 1% ,t =2 5 0 0 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,(10 0 0 %vs 2 7 7% ,t=2 74 4 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,(10 0 0 %vs 2 1 8% ,t=2 972 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,(10 0 0 %vs 18 1% ,t=3 12 1,P <0 0 5 ) ],阻滞细胞进入DNA合成期 { [(43 5 6± 2 32 ) %vs (2 3 80± 2 5 7) % ,t =11 4 16 ,P <0 0 0 1],[(43 5 6± 2 32 ) %vs(11 82± 2 5 1) % ,t =18 5 6 6 ,P <0 0 0 1],[(43 5 6± 2 32 ) %vs (6 0 4± 1 2 0 ) % ,t =2 8 734,P <0 0 0 1],[(43 5 6± 2 32 ) %vs (3 30± 0 5 2 ) % ,t=33 892 ,P <0 0 0 1],[(43 5 6± 2     

川芎嗪对放射损伤小鼠造血细胞粘附分子CD49d及细胞周期蛋白CyclinD2表达的影响

常用活血化瘀中药川芎嗪能通过改善骨髓微环境, 提高基质细胞粘附功能, 促进造血干细胞增生^[1].本文作者则进一步在分子水平上探讨川芎嗪对急性放射损伤小鼠骨髓造血细胞粘附分子CD_49d及脾脏单个核细胞周期蛋白Cy clinD₂表达水平的影响及意义。     

CD34在放射损伤小鼠骨髓细胞的表达及其意义

目的 研究辐射所致造血功能障碍时造血干／祖细胞表面CD34抗原表达的变化及其意义。方法 采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）及斑点杂交的方法,初步检测了昆明种小鼠受6．0Gy辐射后不同时相点时骨髓单个核细胞CD34表达量的变化,并对其可能的机理及其临床意义进行了探讨。结果 放射损伤后小鼠骨髓单个核细胞CD34表达在受照后24h即明显增高,之后一直维持在较高水平,至照后15d时仍较正常时高50％。结论 在此照射剂量时小鼠骨髓内残存的、具有造血功能的早期造血祖细胞在骨髓造血的内稳态遭到破坏后,可代偿性地迅速增加其增殖能力和细胞数量,以加速造血的恢复过程。这可能是机体对损伤导致造血功能低下时的一种代偿性增生机理。     

成骨细胞促进急性放射损伤小鼠骨髓造血系统及血管恢复的研究

目的 探讨成骨细胞对放射损伤小鼠骨髓造血系统及血管恢复的影响.方法 取18只雄性BALB/c小鼠股骨制备成骨细胞,其余42只小鼠随机分成健康对照组、成骨细胞组和生理盐水组3组.健康对照组不做任何处理;成骨细胞组和生理盐水组小鼠于6.0 Gy 60 Co γ射线一次性全身均匀照射后,分别经尾静脉输入成骨细胞(2×106个/只)和等体积的生理盐水.于照射后第7、14和21天计数小鼠外周血细胞,骨髓单个核细胞并作骨髓组织学观察.采用流式细胞仪检测骨髓单个核细胞中CD34+细胞百分比,采用免疫组织化学方法检测小鼠骨髓微血管密度.结果 照射后第7、14和21天成骨细胞组小鼠外周血细胞和骨髓单个核细胞计数,骨髓单个核细胞中CD34+细胞百分比,骨髓组织造血面积及骨髓微血管密度均明显高于生理盐水组(t=2.46～64.51,P＜0.05).结论 成骨细胞能促进放射损伤小鼠骨髓造血系统及血管的恢复.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of osteoblasts on the recovery of hematopoiesis and angiogenesis in acute irradiation injury mice.Methods The femurs of 18 male BALB/c mice were used to prepare the bone marrow osteoblasts, and the rest mice were divided into 3 groups as normal group, saline group and osteoblast group.The mice in normal group received no treatment, and the other two groups were received 6.0 Gy 60Co γ-ray irradiation.After irradiation each mouse of osteoblast group was administered with 2 × 106 osteoblasts through tail vein injection, and equal volume saline was given to each mouse of saline group by the same way.The following factors were measured at 7, 14, 21 d after irradiation, they were the counts of peripheral blood cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells ( BMMNC ) , the percentage of CD34 + cells in BMMNC, the histology changes and micro vascular density (MVD) of bone marrow tissue.Results The counts of peripheral blood cells, BMMNC and hematopoietic tissue area in osteoblast group were higher than those in saline group.The percentage of CD34 + cells in BMMNC and the MVD of bone marrow in osteoblast group were also higher than those in saline group at 7, 14, 21 d after irradiation ( t = 2.46 - 64.51, P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Osteoblasts could significantly promote the recovery of hematopoiesis and angiogenesis in mice after acute irradiation injury.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.