去甲肾上腺素促使血管平滑肌细胞内三磷酸肌醇含量的增加

研究去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）对自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）的主动脉血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣｓ）内三磷酸肌醇（ＩｎｓＰ３）含量的影响，并与对照组京都威斯特大鼠（ＷＫＹ）相比较，结果显示，在基础状态下ＳＨＲ和ＷＫＹ的ＶＳＭＣｓ内ＩｎｓＰ含量针明显差异，ＮＥ作用下ＷＫＹ的ＶＳＭＣｓ内ＩｎｓＰ３值迅速增加，１０秒钟同即达高峰，而ＳＨＲ的ＶＳＭＣｓ内ＩｎｓＰ３的增加呈双相性，除快相峰值明显大于ＷＫＹ外，慢相峰值也     

一氧化氮对狗胃和十二指肠移行性复合运动的调节作用

应用应力传感器记录狗胃十二指肠移行复合运动（ＭＭＣ）。采用静脉注射和十二指肠的肠系膜动脉插管直接注射药物，观察胃和十二指肠ＭＭＣ的变化。结果表明：（１）在十二指肠ＭＭＣⅠ相时静脉和十二指肠动脉插管注射Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ，可引起胃和十二指肠持续强烈收缩；（２）静脉灌流Ｌ－精氨酸后胃和十二指肠ＭＭＣⅠ相时间明显延长（ｐ＜０．０５），胃和十二指肠ＭＭＣ的Ⅱ相和Ⅲ相动力指数均低于正常胃和十二指肠ＭＭＣ的水平（ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）在灌流Ｌ－精氨酸背景上，静脉或十二指肠动脉插管注射胃动素，其引起的胃和十二指肠收缩平均振幅均低于对照组；（４）十二指肠动脉插管注射ＴＴＸ可以阻断Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ的收缩作用。结论：肠神经系统（ＥＮＳ）中的非肾上腺能非胆碱能神经递质）—一氧化氮（ＮＯ）在调节狗胃和十二指肠ＭＭＣ中具有重要作用，可能是维持胃肠ＭＭＣⅠ相的重要递质；在胃动素启动ＭＭＣⅢ相中，ＮＯ可能以合成相对减少的方式参与ＭＭＣ的调节。     

垂体后叶素诱发急性心肌缺血时大鼠延髓内脏带内SP受体的分布及形态学变化

为研究急性心肌缺血时大鼠延髓内脏带（ＭＶＺ）内ＳＰ受体的分布及形态学变化，采用ＡＢＣ法对静脉注射垂体后叶素后的大鼠延髓进行了抗ＳＰ受体（ＳＰＲ）或抗Ｆｏｓ蛋白免疫组织化学染色，或Ｆｏｓ／ＳＰＲ双重免疫组织化学染色。发现静脉内注射垂体后叶素诱发急性心肌缺血后，在双侧ＭＶＺ内出现Ｆｏｓ阳性神经元；在锥体交叉（ＰＹＸ）和最后区（ＡＰ）水平，ＳＰＲ免疫反应结构（ＳＰＲ－ＬＩ）较未注射组明显增强，背内侧部迷走神经运动背核（ｎｍｄＸ）的ＳＰＲ－ＬＩ纤维也由弯曲的粗纤维（羊毛型）变为细的直纤维。３０％左右的ＳＰＲ－ＬＩ阳性神经元可能参与静脉注射垂体后叶素后引起的心血管应激反应的传导或调控。     

甲硫-脑啡肽对脾交感神经活动的双向调节作用

目的：观察第三脑室微量注射甲硫－脑啡肽对脾交感神经放电活动的影响。方法：用ｕｒｅｔｈａｎｅ和α－ｃｈｌｏｒａｌｏｓｅ麻醉的雄性Ｓｐａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠，于第三脑室分别微量注射Ｍｅｔ－Ｅｎｋ１μｇ和１００μｇ。结果：脾交感神经放电活动的双向调节作用，即微量注射１μｇＭｅｔ－Ｅｎｋ时脾交感神经冲动数会减少，而注射１００μｇＭｅｔ－Ｅｎｋ时脾交感神经冲动数会增多。事先静脉注射阿片受体阻断剂纳络酮（     

NO在高压氧调控脑微血管舒缩功能中的效用

近年来研究表明,一氧化氮（Ｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅ;ＮＯ）参与低氧对血管平滑肌细胞（Ｓｍｏｏｔｈｍｕｓｃｌｅｃｅｌｌ;ＳＭＣ）舒张功能的调控,但对其在高压氧调控脑微血管舒缩功能中的效用尚不清楚,故此本文拟对：（１）高压氧对脑微血管舒缩功能的影响及一氧化氮合酶（ＣｏｎｓｔｕｔｉｖｅＮｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅｓｙｎｔｈａｓｅ;ｃＮＯＳ）抑制后的效应;（２）高压氧对共培养的脑微血管内皮细胞（Ｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｃｅｌｌ;ＥＣ）和ＳＭＣ［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的影响以及ｃＮＯＳ抑制后的效应等进行研究。１　材料与方法１…     

α-MSH拮抗剂对内毒素及肿瘤坏死因子性发热的作用

目的：观察α－黑素细胞刺激素（α－ＭＳＨ）拮抗剂［Ｄ－Ｔｒｐ７,Ａｌａ８,Ｄ－Ｐｈｅ１０］α－ＭＳＨ（６－１１）－ａｍｉｄｅ对家兔内毒素（ＥＴ）及肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）性发热的影响。方法：侧脑室给药,ＳＴ－１型数字温度计测家兔的结肠温度。结果：（１）静脉注射ＥＴ,家兔体温呈典型的双相热;若事先侧脑室注射α－ＭＳＨ拮抗剂,则体温升高更明显,且热程明显延长,６ｈ体温反应指数（ＴＲＩ６）显著高于ＮＳ＋ＥＴ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）侧脑室注射ＴＮＦ－α引起体温明显升高;事先给予α－ＭＳＨ拮抗剂,则显著增强ＴＮＦ－α性发热效应（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而α－ＭＳＨ拮抗剂对正常体温无影响。结论：内源性解热物质α－ＭＳＨ在限制发热中发挥了重要作用。     

髓鞘碱性蛋白Ⅱ的纯化与鉴定

为研究实验性变态反应性神经炎（Ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌａｌｌｅｒｇｉｃｎｅｕｒｉｔｉｓ，ＥＮＡ）和格林－巴利综合征（ＧＢＳ）的发病机理，寻找ＧＢＳ的有效诊断，治疗方法，本实验采用反复超速离心，稀盐酸等电点沉淀，ＣＭ－２２弱酸性阳离子交换层析等方法，从牛硬脊膜内马尾神经根中提取到的高纯度髓鞘碱性蛋白Ⅱ（ＭｙｅｌｉｎＢａｓｉｃ，ＰｒｏｔｅｉｎⅡＰ２）。临床结果表明，该蛋白的分子量为１５０００，ｐｌ＝９     

THE CURATIVE EFFECT OF HIGH EFFICIENCY HEMODIALYSIS AND THE GRADIENT CHANGE OF PLASMA OSMOTIC PRESSURE(Report of 27 Cases)

ＴＨＥＣＵＲＡＴＩＶＥＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＨＩＧＨＥＦＦＩＣＩＥＮＣＹＨＥＭＯＤＩＡＬＹＳＩＳＡＮＤＴＨＥＧＲＡＤＩＥＮＴＣＨＡＮＧＥＯＦＰＬＡＳＭＡＯＳＭＯＴＩＣＰＲＥＳＳＵＲＥ（Ｒｅｐｏｒｔｏｆ２７Ｃａｓｅｓ）ＣｈｅｎＨｕａｊｉ（ＣｅｎｔｒａｌＨｏｓ...     

尿毒症患者血浆中分子物质对大鼠心肌舒缩性的抑制作用

目的：探讨尿毒症患者血浆中分子物质（ＭＭＳ），对大鼠心肌舒缩性的影响及心肌舒缩性改变的机制。方法：用凝胶层析法分离出ＭＭＳ，经尾静脉注入大鼠体内，实验用左心室插管术，采集信号经换能器数字化后输入微机，应用ＣＡＲＤＩＯ软件，分析注射ＭＭＳ前后心肌舒缩性的改变。结果：注射ＭＭＳ后，心室内压（ｐｅａｋ）下降，室内压达峰值时间（ｐｅａｋｔｉｍｅ）推迟，室内压最大上升变化率（ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ）减小，室内压下降最大变化率（－ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ）变慢，室内压下降最大变化速率所在时间（－ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘｔｉｍｅ）延长，上述变化在注射ＭＭＳ后１ｍｉｎ即出现，持续１２ｍｉｎ左右开始恢复。结论：ＭＭＳ可使心肌舒缩性能力减弱，说明ＭＭＳ对大鼠心肌舒缩性具有抑制作用     

血行感染脑膜炎双球菌后家兔心肌细胞膜性结构和溶酶体变化

目的：了解脑膜炎双球菌（ＭＣ）感染家兔后心肌损伤的发病过程。方法：采用ＭＣ－Ａ群菌液（１×１０１１菌体／ｋｇ）级清醒家兔静脉内注射（模型组，ｎ＝６），制成动物模型；生理盐水为对照（对照组，ｎ＝６）。给药前，给药后６０ｍｉｎ和１２０ｍｉｎ抽动脉血查血气。１２０ｍｉｎ处死动物，取心脏标本采用铅离子捕获法做超微结构碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰａｓｅ）及酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰａｓｅ）组织化学检查。结果：对照组动物ＡＣＰａｓｅ活性存在于肌膜、肌浆网、线粒体上；血管内皮有粗颗粒状ＡＬＰａｓｅ反应物。ＡＣＰａｓｅ活性位于溶酶体。模型组肌膜上ＡＬＰａｓｅ活性消失，病变肌浆网上有少许酶反应物。两组动物溶酶体结构完好。两组家兔ＰａＯ２ＰａＣＯ２ＳＢＥ都有一些变化。模型组ｐＨ低于正常值，但两组之间相比差别无显著性。结论：家兔经血行感染ＭＣ，发病早期即可引起心肌膜结构损伤，但其细胞器损伤不是由溶酶体破坏所致     

Role of the hormonal status of the father in involution of the thymus in the progeny

This study was aimed at assessing the consequences of the influence of exogenous androgens on the epididymal sperm of fathers for their progeny. A single injection of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone to adult rats caused a transient increase of the level of the corresponding androgen, later leading to augmentation of the androgen-dependent organs and loss of thymus weight. Hyperandrogeny and earlier age-associated involution of the thymus were observed in the male progeny of androgenized males of reproductive age. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 562–564, May, 1996     

Changes in the structure of the cilia of the ciliated epithelium of the bronchi in Kartagener's syndrome in children

Biopsies of bronchial mucous membrane taken from 4 children with Kartagener's syndrome and 10 children with chronic pneumonia were examined electron microscopically. Structural changes in cilia and apical parts of cells are detected in all patients with Kartagener's syndrome. Cilial changes provoked by chronic inflammatory process are shown. The importance of ultrastructural investigations of bronchial mucous membrane cilia in the understanding of pathogenesis of chronic lung conditions in children is underlined.     

Role of noradrenalin in the dorsal hippocampus in the mechanism of the self-stimulation response in rats

Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Reinforcement, A. I. Karaev Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, Baku. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 109, No. 1, pp. 5–6, January, 1990.     

The Beauty of the Network in the Brain and the Origin of the Mind in the Control of Behavior

Behavior is not adequately described as a stimulus-response process. It is initiated by the animal and is generated because of its expected outcome in the future. The outcome can be good or bad for the animal. The brain is in charge of the selection process. This is the basic function of the brain. Taking Drosophila as a study case, this paper discusses initiating activity, several examples of outcome expectations, trying out (the internal search for a suitable behavior), chaining of actions, and the functional roles of chance in action selection. It takes mental processes and states such as goals, intentions, feelings, memories, cognition, and attention as higher levels of behavioral control that have their origin in biological evolution.     

Challenges in the Management of Asthma in the Elderly

Recent literature has emphasized the clinical and socio-epidemiological significance of asthma in the elderly. However, why the disease burden remains high in this group is unclear. Elderly subjects usually have multiple chronic illnesses, and the role played by comorbidities in the context of asthma has been underappreciated. This review aims to summarize the literature associations between comorbidities and asthma in elderly patients. In addition, we discuss patient management issues.     

Role of the time interval in the effect of neurochemical signals in the changes in the ultrastructure of cortical synapses

Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 836–838, July–August, 1991.     

Role of the inferior colliculus in the inhibition of acoustic startle in the rat

Fifteen rats were tested for amplitude reduction of the acoustic startle response using auditory and visual prestimuli. Eight subjects then received large lesions of the inferior colliculus, and the remaining subjects served as normal controls. All animals were reassessed on a post-test identical to the pre-test. In addition, all subjects were tested for latency reduction of startle using auditory prestimuli. There were no significant differences between groups on the pre-test for startle amplitude, visual amplitude reduction, or auditory amplitude reduction, nor did the control group differ significantly on these measures from pre-test to post-test. After surgery, the lesion group displayed a large, significant increase in startle amplitude. Auditory prestimuli were no longer effective in reducing startle amplitude in this group, but visual prestimuli still produced reliable amplitude reduction. Both groups displayed reliable latency reduction to auditory prestimuli; the groups were not significantly different from each other on this measure. These data support the proposition that the inferior colliculus is part of a neural circuit for startle amplitude reduction by auditory prestimuli.