PTEN,Bcl-2基因蛋白在子宫内膜腺癌中的表达及临床病理意义

目的:研究PTEN、Bcl-2在子宫内膜腺癌发生、发展中的作用。方法:应用免疫组化S-P法检测PTEN,Bcl-2在10例正常子宫内膜,10例子宫内膜不典型增生,58例子宫内膜腺癌中的表达,并分析它们与子宫内膜腺癌临床病理指标的关系。结果:PTEN蛋白在正常子宫内膜,子宫内膜不典型增生和子宫内膜腺癌中的阳性表达逐渐降低,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。在子宫内膜腺癌中PTEN的表达与临床分期、组织分化、肌层浸润及淋巴结转移无关。Bcl-2蛋白在正常子宫内膜,子宫内膜不典型增生和子宫内膜腺癌中的阳性表达逐渐降低,差异有显著性(P<0.005)。在子宫内膜腺癌中Bcl-2的表达与临床分期、组织分化、肌层浸润及淋巴结转移均显著相关(P<0.05)。结论:PYEN和Bcl-2在子宫内膜腺癌的发生,发展中起着不同程度的作用。它们的检测可对子宫内膜腺癌的早期诊断、恶性程度、预后的判断和进一步治疗提供依据。     

PTEN和CyclinE蛋白在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达

目的探讨子宫内膜良性、癌前病变和恶性病变中PTEN、CyclinE蛋白的表达及其意义.方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测正常子宫内膜、子宫内膜增生、非典型性增生和子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN和CyclinE蛋白.结果非典型性增生组和子宫内膜样癌组中PTEN和CyclinE蛋白阳性表达率分别为60.0%,50.0%和42.0%,62.2%.非典型性增生组中PTEN的阳性表达显著低于正常组和增生组(P<0.02),而CyclinE的阳性表达则显著高于正常组和增生组(P<0.03).PTEN和CyclinE蛋白在子宫内膜样癌组中的表达呈负相关(r=-0.4475,P<0.01).宫内膜样癌中PTEN蛋白阳性表达的缺失与组织学分级(P<0.02)及肌层浸润深度或伴有转移有关(P<0.04),与临床分期无关(P>0.05).CyclinE的阳性表达率则与组织学分级有关(P<0.05),与肌层浸润(P>0.05)和临床分期无关(P>0.05).结论 PTEN表达缺失和CyclinE的过度表达与子宫内膜样癌的发生发展密切相关,二者的联合检测可作为子宫内膜样癌早期诊断的生物学指标.     

子宫内膜癌组织PTEN和c-erbB-2蛋白表达临床意义的探讨

-2的阳性表达率明显高于正常子宫内膜和子宫内膜不典型增生,P<0.05; c-erbB-2阳性表达与子宫内膜癌的病理分级、临床分期、肌层浸润深度和淋巴转移相关(P<0.05),但与不典型增生的程度无关(P>0.05).在子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN的表达缺失率与c-erbB-2的过度表达呈正相关.结论:PTEN蛋白的表达缺失与子宫内膜癌的发生有关;c-erbB-2蛋白的高表达提示预后不良;PTEN和c-erbB-2联合检测可作为筛选复发转移高危因素的标志.     

子宫内膜中PTEN、p16蛋白的表达及临床意义

目的:研究子宫内膜组织中PTEN、p16蛋白的异常表达,探讨其与子宫内膜癌变的关系和早期诊断及评判预后的可能性.方法:应用免疫组化S-P法对20例正常子宫内膜组织、40例子宫内膜增生症组织、30例内膜腺癌组织中PTEN、p16蛋白的表达进行研究.结果:在正常增生期子宫内膜、子宫内膜增生症(单纯型增生、复杂型增生、不典型增生)、子宫内膜腺癌组织中PTEN p16蛋白的阳性表达率呈递减趋势,子宫内膜腺癌与除不典型增生外的子宫内膜增生症组织及正常子宫内膜组织的PTEN蛋白表达差异有显著性(P＜0.05),正常子宫内膜、单纯型增生与不典型增生组织的PTEN蛋白表达差异有显著性(P＜0.05),子宫内膜腺癌与正常子宫内膜及单纯型增生子宫内膜p16 蛋白表达差异有显著性(P＜0.05),正常子宫内膜与增生症子宫内膜差异无显著性(P＞0.05) 增生症子宫内膜各组间p16蛋白表达无显著性差异(P＞0.05),PTEN P16蛋白的表达与子宫内膜癌的手术分期、组织学分级,肌层浸润有关(P＜0.05).PTEN、p16蛋白表达存在正相关性(r=0.978,P＜0.05).结论:PTEN、p16蛋白的异常表达与子宫内膜的癌变过程相关.     

基质溶解素2(MMP-10)在子宫内膜腺癌组织中的表达研究

目的:了解基质溶解素2(MMP-10)在子宫内膜腺癌组织中的表达情况,及与病变的浸润程度、组织学分级、临床分期等的关系,探讨MMP-10在子宫内膜腺癌的发病、浸润和转移中的作用及意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学方法分别检测42例子宫内膜腺癌、12例非典型增生、12例正常子宫内膜组织中MMP-10的表达,并进行统计学分析.结果:子宫内膜腺癌、子宫内膜不典型增生、正常子宫内膜组织中MMP-10阳性表达率分别为76.2%(32/42)、33.3%(4/12)、0%(0/12).MMP-10的表达呈逐渐下降趋势,每两组的统计学检验显示MMP-10在子宫内膜腺癌与子宫内膜不典型增生、子宫内膜腺癌与正常子宫内膜组织之间,均有显著性差异(P＜0.01);MMP-10的表达与组织学分级、肌层浸润程度、临床分期均有关(P＜0.01).结论:MMP-10有可能作为子宫内膜腺癌的肿瘤标志物之一.     

claudin-4和MMP-2在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨claudin-4和MMP-2在子宫内膜癌中的表达与临床病理参数之间关系.方法:采用免疫组化S-P法检测75例子宫内膜癌和28例正常增生期子宫内膜中claudin-4和MMP-2表达并作相应分析.结果:子宫内膜癌中claudin-4 和MMP-2表达均高于正常增生期子宫内膜中的表达(P<0.05);claudin-4和MMP-2高表达均与癌组织肌层浸润深度有关(P<0.05),与组织学类型、组织分级、有无淋巴结转移及手术病理分期无关(P>0.05);claudin-4与MMP-2呈正相关(r= 0.53,P<0.05).结论:claudin-4和 MMP-2高表达可能促进子宫内膜的发生和发展,claudin-4和 MMP-2表达可能是判断子宫内膜癌预后的重要参考指标.     

Galectin-1及Galectin-9 在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达

目的:分别检测Galectin-1及Galectin-9在正常子宫内膜组织、子宫内膜不典型增生及子宫内膜腺癌组织中的表达,研究两者与子宫内膜癌发生、发展的关系。方法:收集正常子宫内膜组织30例,子宫内膜不典型增生组织20 例,子宫内膜腺癌组织51例,所有标本均在同一条件下,采用免疫组化法对Galectin-1及Galectin-9表达进行检测。结果:Galectin-1在正常子宫内膜组织、子宫内膜不典型增生及子宫内膜腺癌中的阳性表达率分别为30.0%、70.0%、90.2%;Galectin-9在正常子宫内膜组织、子宫内膜不典型增生及子宫内膜腺癌中的阳性表达率分别为20.0%、75.0%、78.4%。Galectin-1及Galectin-9在子宫内膜腺癌组及子宫内膜不典型增生组中的阳性表达率明显高于正常子宫内膜组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,但在子宫内膜腺癌组及子宫内膜不典型增生组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Galectin-1在子宫内膜腺癌不同组织分级、病理分期、肌层浸润程度及是否伴淋巴结转移间表达强度无显著性差异（P>0.05）。Galectin-9 表达强度在子宫内膜腺癌不同组织分级、病理分期、是否伴淋巴结转移与肌层浸润程度间均有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论:Galectin-1及Galectin-9均与子宫内膜癌的发生过程相关,相对于Galectin-1,子宫内膜组织中Galectin-9的表达变化与子宫内膜病变的发生更密切,可作为对子宫内膜癌进行早期诊断和治疗效果监测的指标之一,对提高子宫内膜癌的诊治水平具有重要意义。     

子宫内膜样腺癌组织Maspin基因表达及其临床意义的研究

目的:探讨子宫内膜样腺癌组织Maspin基因的表达及其意义。方法:收集子宫内膜样腺癌标本35例,子宫内膜不典型增生10例,子宫肌瘤15例。应用免疫组化技术检测Maspin基因的表达。采用χ2检验对实验数据进行统计学分析。结果:Maspin基因在子宫肌瘤组织均为阴性表达,10例子宫内膜不典型增生组织中阳性表达2例(20.0%),35例子宫内膜样腺癌组织中阳性表达15例(42.85%),3组比较差异有统计学意义,P<0.01。子宫内膜样腺癌组与子宫肌瘤组比较差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。子宫内膜样腺癌Ⅲ期组织Maspin基因的阳性表达率为60.0%(6/10),高于Ⅰ期组织的36.0%(9/25);子宫内膜样腺癌组织中有淋巴结转移者Maspin基因的阳性表达率为100.0%(1/1),高于无淋巴结转移者的41.17%(14/34);但各组比较差异均无统计学意义,P均>0.05。结论:Maspin基因的表达与子宫内膜样腺癌的发生和发展可能有一定的关联。     

PTEN、p27~(kip1)、VEGF在子宫内膜癌中的表达及意义

 目的　探讨抑癌基因PTEN、p2 7kip1、VEGF在子宫内膜癌中的表达、意义及三者之间的相关性。方法　采用免疫组化SP法检测 32例子宫内膜腺癌 ,13例子宫内膜不典型增生和 10例正常子宫内膜石蜡切片中PTEN、p2 7kip1及VEGF的表达。结果　子宫内膜腺癌组织与子宫内膜不典型增生、正常子宫内膜组织比较 ,PTEN、p2 7kip1阳性表达率明显降低 ,差异有非常显著性 (χ2 =11.0 9,χ2 =9.4 6 6 ,P <0 .0 1) ,VEGF表达率明显增加 ,差异有非常显著性 (χ2 =2 1.2 5 3,P <0 .0 1)。PTEN表达与肿瘤分化、肌层浸润程度、淋巴结转移有关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与临床分期无关 (P >0 .0 5 )。在子宫内膜腺癌组织中 ,PTEN与p2 7kip1表达呈正相关 (r=0 .74 4 ,P <0 .0 1) ,与VEGF表达呈负相关 (r =- 0 .738,P <0 .0 1)。结论　PTEN、p2 7kip1的失表达与VEGF的过表达在子宫内膜腺癌的发生发展中起着一定的作用 ,PTEN与 p2 7kip1、VEGF的异常表达密切相关 ...     

磷酸酶基因、核因子-KB p65、Survivin蛋白在子宫内膜样腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨磷酸酶基因(PTEN)、核因子(NF-KB p65)及凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin基因在子官内膜样腺癌中的表达及其在子宫内膜样腺癌的发生、发展中的作用.方法 采用SP免疫组织化学法榆测63例子宫内膜样腺癌、20例正常增生期子宫内膜组织中PTEN、NF-KB p65及Survivin蛋白的表达.结果 子宫内膜样腺癌与正常增生期子宫内膜组织中PTEN、NF-KB p65及Survivin蛋白表达的阳性率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).PTEN表达与子宫内膜样腺癌分化程度呈正相关(P＜0.001),与淋巴结转移及TNM分期旱负相关(P＜0.005),NF-KB p65的表达与子宫内膜样腺癌分化程度旱负相关(P＜0.05),与浸润深度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期呈正相关(P＜0.05).Survivin与子宫内膜样腺癌与浸润深度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 PTEN、NF-KB p65及Survivin在子宫内膜腺癌的发生、发展中起着不同程度的作用,联合检测PTEN、NF-KB p65及Survivin对研究子宫内膜腺癌的发生、发展、早期诊断及预后评估有一定的参考价值.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.