Structure of 3-Acetyl-5-fluorouracil (5-FU): Implication for Its Rearrangements During Hydrolysis and upon Heating

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data show that the 3-acetyl group in l,3-diacetyl-5-FU (FU = fluorouracil) is perpendicular to the plane of the 5-FU ring, while the 1-acetyl group is coplanar with the ring. Analyses of ¹H NMR and IR spectra provide evidence that the 1-and 3-acyl groups are in different electronic environments, which is consistent with the X-ray diffraction structure. 3-Acetyl-5-FU is thermally unstable, giving mainly l-acetyl-5-FU (80%) and 5-FU (20%) upon heating. The hydrolysis of 3-acyl derivatives of 5-FU showed a biexponential relationship between In concentration and time which had not been previously observed. The behavior of 3-acetyl-5-FU during hydrolysis can be explained by postulating its initial rapid equilibrium with an intermediate, 2-acetyl-5-FU, which subsequently hydrolyzes to 5-FU or rearranges to l-acetyl-5-FU, which hydrolyzes to 5-FU. The 2-acetyl intermediate was trapped by its reaction with formaldehyde. The formaldehyde adducts of the symmetrical 2-acetyl intermediate rearranged to yield equal amounts of 1- and 3-acetyloxymethyl-5-FU.     

Regional and systemic serum concentrations of 5-fluorouracil after portal and intravenous infusion: An experimental study in dogs

The serum and urinary concentrations of 5-FU after continuous portal and jugular infusion have been followed by means of a highly sensitive microbiological assay method. Our data indicate that more than 90% of 5-FU was eliminated in the liver after continuous portal infusion of 0.625 mg × kg ^–1 × hr ^–1 ,corresponding to a dose of 15 mg × kg ^–1 ×24 hr ^–1 .Negligible amounts of intact 5-FU were excreted into the bile, and the urinary excretion was only a few percent of the amount infused. The arterial concentration was on average tenfold higher during the continuous jugular infusion than after the continuous portal infusion, indicating that the route of administration has a pronounced effect on the disposition of 5-FU. Twenty-three percent of the jugular dose reached the liver; 77% was degraded by extrahepatic metabolism. Of these, degradation in the prehepatic splanchnic area accounted for 15%.This research was supported by the Swedish Cancer Society (Projects No. 512-B74-04X and 512-B75-05X).     

瘢痕皮瓣与5-氟尿嘧啶在治疗耳部瘢痕疙瘩中的应用

目的评价手术联合局部混合药物注射治疗耳部瘢痕疙瘩的疗效。方法对93例（117侧）耳部瘢痕疙瘩患者采用瘢痕内切除局部瘢痕瓣塑形的术式,术后1周瘢痕区注射曲安奈德加低浓度5-氟尿嘧啶,观察随访结果。结果术后随访1～2年,曲安奈德治疗组治愈28例（29侧）,显效10例（12侧）,无效5例（7侧）;曲安奈德联合氟尿嘧啶组治愈37例（51侧）,显效9例（14侧）,无效4例（4侧）。经Ridit分析,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论瘢痕瓣塑形术联合术后曲安奈德、低浓度5-氟尿嘧啶注射治疗耳部瘢痕疙瘩效果满意,是治疗的选择方案之一。     

HPLC法同时测定人血浆中5-氟尿嘧啶及其活性代谢物5-氟-2′-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷的浓度

目的:建立一种同时测定人体血浆中5-氟尿嘧啶及其活性代谢物5-氟-2′-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷浓度的HPLC法。方法:以肌苷为内标,血浆样品用硝酸银(10%)沉淀蛋白质,采用C_(18)柱,检测波长为266nm,流动相:0.01mol·L~(-1)磷酸盐(用2mol·L~(-1)氢氧化钠溶液调pH为7.0)-甲醇(96∶4),流速1.0mL·min~(-1),柱温为45℃。结果:5-氟尿嘧啶和5-氟-2′-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷分别在0.1～20μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9997)和0.2～40μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9997)浓度范围内线性关系良好,最低检测浓度分别为5和10ng·mL~(-1),方法回收率分别为98.2%～101.2%、99.5%～102.3%,日内、日间RSD均小于6%。结论:方法灵敏、快速、准确,适用于临床上测定5-氟尿嘧啶及其活性代谢物5-氟-2′-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷的血药浓度及药动学的研究。     

草酸铂联合持续静脉注射5-FU为主方案治疗晚期胃癌近期疗效观察

目的观察草酸铂（L-OHP）联合持续静脉注射5-FU为主方案治疗晚期胃癌近期疗效观察。方法晚期胃癌23例。采用L-OHP75mg／m^2加葡萄糖注射静脉注射第1天、第8天,甲酰四氢叶酸钙（CF）100mg／m^2静滴第1—5天,足乙叶苷（Vp-16）100mg静滴第1—3天,5-FU500mg／m^2持续静脉滴注120h,每3～4周,2个周期化疗后进行临床评价。结果完全缓解（CR）2例,部分缓解（PR）12例,总有效率60．9％,不良反应主要为Ⅰ、Ⅱ度白细胞下降及Ⅰ度周围神经毒性。结论L-OHP联合持续静脉注射5-FU为主方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效好,不良反应轻,患者能耐受,是一种安全有效的化疗方案。     

5-氟尿嘧啶配制时间与药物稳定性研究

目的探讨5-氟尿嘧啶微量泵持续给药时,0～72h内的药物稳定性,为临床合理配制5-氟尿嘧啶药物提供依据。方法将5-氟尿嘧啶不同的剂量溶于相同的5%葡萄糖溶液中,分别取这两种配置后0、2、4、8、12、16、20、24、32、40、48、56、64、72h的5-氟尿嘧啶溶液,用紫外分光光度法测定药物浓度。结果配制后不同浓度的5-氟尿嘧啶溶液,在0～72h内溶液的相对标准偏差大于2.0%,含量无明显差别。结论临床上稀释配制5-氟尿嘧啶72h内,给予持续泵入具有良好的稳定性,为5-氟尿嘧啶持续泵入一次性药物配制提供了依据。     

Bcl-XL siRNA对人胃腺癌MGC-803细胞药物敏感性的影响

目的:研究靶向Bcl-XL基因的小干扰RNA对胃腺癌MGC-803细胞Bcl-XL基因表达的作用及对药物敏感性的影响。方法:构建的Bcl-XLsiRNA载体或阴性siRNA并稳定转染到胃癌MGC-803细胞,G418抗生素筛选阳性克隆,克隆扩大培养,免疫荧光观察细胞蛋白表达。用不同浓度的5-FU或DADS处理稳定转染细胞,MTT观察细胞增殖的变化。用一种浓度的5-FU或DADS处理稳定转染细胞,流式细胞术观察亚G1细胞的比例。结果:免疫荧光结果表明,Bcl-XLsiRNA稳定转染组细胞中Bcl-XL蛋白的表达比阴性siRNA稳定转染组细胞Bcl-XL基因的表达均有明显的降低。当不同浓度的5-FU(13、130、1 300、13 000 mg.L-1)或DADS(20、35、50mg.L-1)处理细胞24 h后,MTT结果表明Bcl-XLsiR-NA细胞组A570吸光度值较阴性siRNA细胞组和未转染对照明显降低,细胞生长抑制率明显增高。5-FU或DADS药物的IC50值在Bcl-XLsiRNA细胞组有明显降低。使用5-FU(130 mg.L-1)或DADS(50mg.L-1)处理细胞24 h后,流式结果表明,Bcl-XL-siRNA细胞组较阴性siRNA和正常对照细胞组亚G1细胞比例有明显增高。结论:Bcl-XL siRNA下调了MGC-803细胞Bcl-XL基因的表达;Bcl-XLsiRNA能够促进MGC-803细胞凋亡,增强细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。     

5-氟尿嘧啶在Caco-2细胞模型中的吸收特性

为研究5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)在Caco-2细胞模型中的吸收特性,用Caco-2细胞模型,分别测定了在各种条件下对5-FU的吸收。结果显示:吸收在pH6的介质中为佳;吸收的初速随浓度的增加趋于一个饱和值,Michaelis常数K_m=24mmol·L^-1;吸收可被氰化钠、哇巴因、双嘧达莫等代谢抑制剂抑制,也被同类结构的化合物尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、尿核苷等抑制。由此可知,5-FU的吸收可由尿嘧啶载体转运。     

Relationship between 5-fluorouracil exposure and outcome in patients receiving continuous venous infusion with or without concomitant radiotherapy

AIMS: Toxicity and response are correlated with plasma 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) concentration in patients treated with 5-FU at a dose of 1000 mg m(-2) day(-1). Head and neck cancer patients are treated with various therapeutic regimens, including chemotherapy with 5-FU at a dose of 600 mg m(-2) day(-1) with radiotherapy. We investigated the plasma concentration-effect relationship for this regimen, with the aim of developing recommendations for dose adjustment. METHODS: Patients received 5-FU at doses of 600 or 1000 mg m(-2) day(-1), as a continuous infusion over 4 or 5 days, with or without radiotherapy for the 600 mg m(-2) day(-1) regimen. The area under the curve (AUC) for 5-FU concentration was estimated, based on a single morning blood sample taken each day during treatment. AUC values were compared between patients with and without toxicity. This simplified method for AUC estimation was compared with the standard two-samples-per-day method in an independent group of 50 patients. RESULTS: Forty-six patients, corresponding to 115 courses, were included in this prospective study. Considerable interindividual variability in estimated AUC was observed for both doses. Grade 3-4 toxicity occurred in 10 and 21% of patients given doses of 600 and 1000 mg m(-2) day(-1), respectively. Ths study confirmed the relationship between plasma 5-FU concentration and toxicity previously reported for 1000 mg m(-2) day(-1), but found no such relationship for the 600 mg m(-2) day(-1) regimen with concomitant radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support the use of therapeutic drug monitoring to improve tolerance for the 600 mg m(-2) day(-1) regimen with concomitant radiotherapy. A simplified method is proposed for 5-FU monitoring for the 1000 mg m(-2) day(-1) regimen.     

Pharmacokinetic study of oxaliplatin iv chronomodulated infusion combined with 5-fluorouracil iv continuous infusion in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer

We investigated the pharmacokinetics (PK), preliminary clinical results and toxicity of chronomodulated oxaliplatin (OHP) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) without folinic acid (FA) in 13 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. 5-FU (200 mg/m2/day as 14-day continuous iv infusion for six cycles) plus OHP at increasing doses (25-30-35 mg/m2/day, as 12 h chronomodulated iv infusion on days 1-2-3-4, every 14 days for six cycles) were administered to reach maximum tolerated dose (MTD). At MTD (30 mg/m2/day), a PK study of 5-FU and OHP (in total and ultrafiltered-UF plasma) was performed. 5-FU plasma levels were fairly stable, below that reported in similar studies and closely related to the lack of the most typical 5-FU toxicities. OHP Cmax occurred 7 h after infusion start; a progressive accumulation of free Pt and ultrafiltered Pt (UF-OHP) through cycles 1-6 was noted. A marked difference between total plasma and UF Pt was seen in the elimination phase. OHP plasma clearance decrease was related to Vz (volume of distribution of late elimination phase), whereas in UF-OHP was due to a change in Ke or t1/2. In conclusion, the association of 5-FU with chronomodulated OHP do not seem to influence PK parameters of either drugs. Toxicity was modest/acceptable and clinical efficacy good: preliminary data showed a threshold neurotoxicity at total plasma Pt concentrations >1500 ng/ml and UF plasma Pt concentrations >150 ng/ml.     

艾迪注射液联合5-氟脲嘧啶加奥沙利铂（FP）治疗老年胃癌的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨用艾迪注射液联合5-氟脲嘧啶加奥沙利铂(FP)治疗老年晚期胃癌患者预后判断.方法:104例老年晚期胃癌患者中,对照组51例单用FP治疗,治疗组53例用艾迪注射液联合5-氟脲嘧啶加奥沙利铂(FP)治疗,治疗后分析近期疗效及KPS评分变化.结果:对照组和治疗组疾病控制率分别为70.59%和79.25%;KPS评分提高率分别为 23.53% (12/51)和58.49%(31/53).结论:艾迪注射液联合FP方案治疗晚期胃癌53例,并与单用FP方案治疗晚期胃癌51例作同期比较,近期疗效满意,KPS评分提高,不良反应明显减轻,机体免疫功能提高.     

A phase II study of high-dose 24 hour continuous infusion 5-FU and leucovorin and low-dose PALA for patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A Southwest Oncology Group Study

PURPOSE: The purpose of this phase II multi-institutional study was to define the efficacy and toxicity of infusional 5-FU in combination with PALA and leucovorin in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were required to have histologically confirmed pancreatic cancer that was locally advanced, unresectable or disseminated. The treatment regimen consisted of weekly 5-FU 2600 mg/m(2) given concurrently with leucovorin at 500 mg/m(2). Both drugs were administered by 24-hour continuous infusion. PALA was administered 24 hours prior to the administration of 5-FU/LV at a dose of 250 mg/m(2) IV over 15 minutes weekly. Patients were continued on the assigned treatment regimen until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or the patient declined further therapy. RESULTS: This study accrued 30 patients. Four of these patients were ineligible. All 26 eligible patients were evaluated for toxicity. One patient had inadequate assessment of response and was considered a non-responder. Three of the twenty-six eligible patients had partial responses, for a response rate of 12% (95% confidence interval 2% to 30%). All 26 eligible patients have died and the median overall survival was 7 months (95% confidence interval: 5.2 to 9 months). Four patients experienced grade 4 toxicities, including bilirubin increase (2 patients), vomiting (1 patient) and non-local skin ulceration (1). Two patients discontinued therapy due to toxicity. CONCLUSION: The dual modulation of 5-FU with PALA and leucovorin in the dose and schedule used here, has a response rate similar to other single agents in pancreatic cancer and can result in some long term survival while having relatively mild toxicity.     

A phase II pilot study of high-dose 24-hour continuous infusion of 5-FU and leucovorin and low-dose PALA for patients with colorectal cancer: A Southwest Oncology Group study

PURPOSE: The purpose of this phase II multi-institutional study was to define the efficacy and toxicity of infusional 5-FU in combination with PALA and leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were required to have histologically confirmed colorectal cancer with distant metastases. The treatment regimen consisted of 5-FU 2600 mg/m(2) as a 24-hours continuous infusion given once a week, concurrently with leucovorin (LV) at 500 mg/m(2) as a 24-hour continuous infusion. PALA was administered 24 hours prior to 5-FU/LV at a dose of 250 mg/m(2) iv over 15 minutes weekly. Patients were continued on the assigned treatment regimen until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or the patient declined further therapy. RESULTS: This study accrued 28 patients and all were eligible and evaluable for toxicity. Four patients had inadequate assessment of response and are considered non-responders. There was one complete response and five partial responses for an overall response rate of 6/28 or 21% (95% confidence interval 8-41%). Estimated median survival was 17.4 months (95% confidence interval 13.3-20.5 months). One patient died of a treatment related infection. This patient also had grade 4 diarrhea and vomiting. CONCLUSION: The combination of 5-FU, leucovorin, and PALA in the doses and schedule used here, produces a response rate similar to other modulated schedules of 5-FU with similar survival and toxicity profiles.     

草酸铂加CF／5-FU48小时持续静脉滴注双周疗法治疗晚期胃癌83例疗效分析

目的：观察草酸铂（L-OHP）与CF／5-Fu48小时持续静脉滴注双周疗法治疗晚期胃癌疗效及不良反应。方法：经病理证实的83例晚期胃癌患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗方案：治疗组用L-OHP加CF／5-FU：对照组用VP16加CF／5-FU，两组均2周为1周期。结果：经过2个周期化疗，治疗组有效率（CR＋PR）57．5％比对照组有效率34．9％高，两组比较差异有统计学意义（X^2=4.2702，P=0．0388）。治疗中无疾病进展及治疗相关死亡。胃肠道反应及骨髓抑制均为轻中度。无显著性差异。神经毒性治疗组明显低于对照组，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：L-OHP加CF／5-FU48小时持续静脉滴注双周疗法治疗晚期胃癌疗效高，不良反应轻，有希望成为最有效的治疗方案。     

Phase II trial of PALA and 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (MMPR) in combination with 5-fluorouracil in advanced pancreatic cancer

Summary The biochemical modulators PALA, an inhibitor of aspartate transcarbamylase which depletes uridine nucleotide pools, and 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (MMPR) which inhibits purine metabolism, selectively potentiate the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in preclinical models. Based on a phase I trial of this combination, we performed a phase II trial in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. PALA 250 mg/m² was administered i.v. on day 1, followed 24h later by MMPR 150 mg/m² as a bolus i.v. injection, and 5-FU 2300 mg/m² by 24h infusion. Treatments were repeated weekly. Seventeen patients, all previously untreated with chemotherapy, were entered, of whom 14 are evaluable for response. Toxicity grade 2 included nausea (6/17), vomiting (4/17), diarrhea (3/17), stomatitis (5/17), and neurotoxicity (2/17). Among 14 evaluable patients there were no partial responses, and two patients with stable disease. Pretreatment with PALA and MMPR is insufficient to enhance the activity of 5-FU in pancreatic cancer.     

Cisplatin plus continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil for 5 days effective for patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Seventeen consecutively treated patients with advanced gastric cancer were prescribed every 3 weeks intravenous cisplatin (20 mg/m2/day) and a continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (750 mg/m2/day) for 5 days. Twelve (71%) patients had been treated previously with other anticancer drugs. Seven (42%) patients showed a partial response and these responses persisted for over 4.4 months. Stabilization of the disease occurred in eight (47%) patients, and in two (12%) the disease progressed. At the time of analysis, mean survival of the responders was 8.2 months, while that of non-responders was 5.0 months. The toxicities were within acceptable limits and only a few had a grade III toxicity. This combined administration of cisplatin and 5-FU for 5 days is safe and effective for patients with advanced gastric cancer.     

雷公藤红素联合5-氟尿嘧啶在人结肠癌细胞中的相互作用

目的体外观察雷公藤红素与5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）联用在人结肠癌HCT-116细胞增殖中的相互作用。方法采用MTT法观察不同浓度雷公藤红素及5-FU单独或联合应用对结肠癌细胞的生长抑制作用,并利用中效原理判断联合用药的效果。结果雷公藤红素和5-FU单独应用时,随药物浓度增加对HCT-116细胞的抑制作用也增加,中效浓度分别为3.533μmol/L,9.254μmol/L,两药联用时在大部分效应范围（0〈fa〈83％）表现协同作用（CI〈1），中效浓度为6．433μmol／L．其中雷公藤红素0．099μmol／L，5-FU6．33μmol／L。两药合用给药时间及次序不同时不同时，合用效应无明显差异。结论上述两种药物联合应用时具有较好的协同效应，且药物效应与给药顺序无关。     

Second-line treatment with oxaliplatin,leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil in gemcitabine-pretreated advanced pancreatic cancer: A phase II study

Study objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of Oxaliplatin, Leucovorin and 5-FU as second line therapy, following relapse to Gemcitabine, in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Patients and methods: Patients with advanced pancreatic cancer previously treated with Gemcitabine were included in the study. All patients had histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas that was unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic. Treatment consisted of Oxaliplatin 50 mg/m² (2-hour iv infusion), followed by Leucovorin 50 mg/m² (i.v. bolus) and 500 mg/m² 5-FU (1-hour iv infusion), administered weekly, until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. Objective tumour response and toxicity were evaluated according to World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria. Results: A total of 30 patients, 20 men and 10 women, median age 63 years (range 52–71 years) and Karnofsky Performance Status (PS) of ≥50 entered the study. The majority of patients (96%) had locally advanced disease. A total of 380 doses of chemotherapy were delivered, a median of 12 doses per patient. Partial responses were observed in 7 patients (PR 23.3%), stable disease in 9 (SD 30.0%), while 14 patients progressed (PD 46.7%). Improved PS was observed in 18 (42.8%) patients. Patients that had responded to first-line Gemcitabine treatment were found more likely to respond or stabilize their disease with second-line treatment. The median duration of response was 22 weeks, and median overall survival was 25 weeks, Grade 3/4 toxicity expressed per chemotherapy dose included leukopenia 16%, anemia 3.2%, thrombocytopenia 3.2%, diarrhea 14.2%, fatigue 16.1% and neurotoxicity 4.2%. Eight patients (27%) suffered a febrile neutropenic event managed successfully with oral antibiotic home therapy, while 17 patients required G-CSF support. There were no treatment related deaths. Conclusions: The combination of Oxaliplatin, Leucovorin and 5-FU was tolerated with manageable toxicity, offering encouraging activity as second-line treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, previously treated with Gemcitabine. Additional studies are warranted with this regimen in Gemcitabine relapsed pancreatic cancer patients. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Tumor 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate concentration as a determinant of 5-fluorouracil response

The antitumor activity of 5-fluoruoracil (5-FU) for two murine colonie adenocarcinomas was correlated with the concentration and the clearance of the active antimetabolite, 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP). Mice inoculated with a cell suspension of murine colonic adenocarcinomas 38 and 51 were treated with 5-FU (100 mg/kg i.p.) on 3 day post-transplantation. For mice bearing adenocarconoma 38, treatment with 5-FU was associated with a 97 per cent reduction in mean tumor weight a day 30 and a 77 per cent reduction at day 37 of tumor growth. In contrast, mice bearing colonic adenocarcinoma 51, treated with the same dose schedule of 5-FU did not demonstrate a reduction in the rate of tumor growth in vivo. Two hr after i.p. injection of 5-FU (100 mg/kg) the intracellular concentration of free FdUMP in the sensitive tumor 38 was 560 fmoles/μg of DNA. The active antimetabolite was maintained at a concentration in excess of 100 fmoles/μg of DNA for 72 hr. In contrast, the 2-hr free FdUMP concentration in the resistant tumor line 51 was 240 fmoles μg of DNA(P < 0.005), and a concentration in excess of 100 fmoles/μg of DNA was maintained for only 24 hr. There was no difference in the rate of progressive accumulation of the competitive metabolite, deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), during the first 24 hr of the study. Two hr after i.p. injection of 5-FU (100 mh/kg), [³H] deoxyuridine ([³H]Udr) incorporation into DNA was reduced in both tumor lines to below 3 per cent of control. However, in the sensitive tumor, adeno-carcinoma 38, DNA synthesis was maximally inhibited for 72 hr, compared to 24 hr in the resistant adenocarcinoma 51. The reinitiation of DNA synthesis corresponded to the reduction of free FdUMP concentration to less than 100 fmoles/μg of DNA. There was no linear relationship between the FdUMP/ dUMP ratio and [³H]UdR incorporation into DNA in either tumor line. These data demonstrate that the peak tumor FdUMP concentration and the kinetics of its clearance correlated with the responsiveness of the two specific murine tumors to 5-FU. The measure of peak FdUMP level should be tested for its potential clinical application as a means of selecting patients with gastrointestinal and breast cancer to be treated with this agent.     

Peri-tumor administration of 5-fluorouracil sol-gel using a hollow microneedle for treatment of gastric cancer

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of treating gastric cancer by injecting a pluronic F-127 sol-gel formulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) into normal tissue surrounding the tumor using a hollow microneedle. The MTS tetrazolium assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity of 5-FU after application to gastric cancer cells at different concentrations for 1, 5 and 10?h. Gastric cancer cells were inoculated subcutaneously into 30 male nude mice (CrjBALB/c-nu/nu mice, male); the inoculated mouse were divided into three groups. One group received no treatment, whereas the two other groups received free 5-FU gel (40?mg/kg) and 5-FU gel (40?mg/kg) for 4?days, respectively. Mean tumor volume, apoptotic index (TUNEL) and proliferative index (Ki 67) were evaluated in all groups. Cell viability was 77.3% when 1.22?g of free 5-FU was administered, whereas cell viability was 37.4% and 43.5% when 0.122?g of free 5-FU was administered per hour for 10?h and 0.244?g of free 5-FU was administered for 5?h (p?p?p?相似文献