胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎15例诊治体会

目的 探讨胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断和外科术式的选择.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月-2011年12月15例胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的病例资料.结果 15例患者均行手术治疗,12例行胰十二指肠切除手术,1例行Frey手术,1例行胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,1例行胆总管十二指肠侧侧吻合.发生术后并发症2例,1例发生胆瘘和坏疽性胆囊炎;另1例为急性心肌梗死;其余13例患者术后恢复顺利,多于术后2周内痊愈出院.术后病理诊断12例为慢性胰腺炎,3例为胰腺癌.结论 本病主要症状为腹痛;CT是首选检查方法,术前难以判断胰头肿块性质;建议早期手术治疗,手术方式尽可能地采用胰十二指肠切除术.     

胰头肿块型胰腺炎的诊断与治疗

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎从临床表现上很难与胰头癌相鉴别,影像学检查在肿块型慢性胰腺炎诊断中起重要作用,对于手术指征的掌握、胰头部肿块的可切除性、手术方式的选择以及手术困难程度的估计很有帮助.目前已将发生于胰头的肿块型慢性胰腺炎视为胰腺癌发生的癌前病变.胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的手术方式是直接针对胰头的,不同的手术方法包括:胰十二指肠切除术(保留或不保留幽门)和胰头部分切除(Beger手术)加胰管引流术(Frey手术).胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎一旦诊断明确即应积极手术治疗,手术方式尽可能采用胰十二指肠切除术,因为它不仅切除了胰头肿块、解除了胆道和胰管及十二指肠的梗阻,而且也去除了胰头癌的潜在病因;若胰头肿块巨大胰十二指肠切除有极大风险,可考虑保留十二指肠的胰头切除术.     

保留十二指肠和胆管的胰头全切除术

保留十二指肠和胆管的胰头全切除术(Takada法),手术难度大,在国内开展较少.2013年9月至2014年5月福建省漳州正兴医院和漳州市医院对5例患者(1例胰头部肿块型胰腺炎,2例胰管黏液性囊腺瘤伴灶性癌变,2例慢性胰腺炎、胰管多发结石)施行该手术.5例患者采用Takada法切除病变,联合一期行胰管原位重建,其中胆总管探查引流1例.手术时间为210 ～ 330 min,术中出血量为100 ～500mL,平均术中出血量为300 mL.2例患者为鹿角形结石,3例患者为肿瘤,均无手术死亡.术后发生胰液漏及胆汁漏各1例,均经非手术治疗痊愈.患者术后随访3～11个月无糖代谢异常、胆总管狭窄、慢性消化不良发生及肿瘤复发.对于胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎、胰头部良性病变、胰头部低度恶性肿瘤,Takada法安全、有效,患者术后恢复快.     

以胰腺肿块为特征的慢性胰腺炎的外科治疗

目的 总结以胰腺肿块为特征的慢性胰腺炎的诊治经验. 方法回顾分析1999年6月至2009年6月28例外科治疗的肿块型慢性胰腺炎的临床病理资料. 结果 28例肿块型慢性胰腺炎术前诊断为胰腺癌19例,慢性胰腺炎9例,针吸活检和/或术后病理证实均为慢性胰腺炎;临床表现包括上腹痛22例,黄疸15例,十二指肠梗阻4例.手术方式包括胰十二指肠切除术17例,胆肠吻合3例,胰肠吻合1例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术4例,胰体尾切除3例.本组无手术死亡病例,术后发症包括胰漏2例,重度胃瘫2例,应激性胃溃疡大出血1例.所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6月至5年,7例2年后腹痛复发;术后8月、2年各发现癌变1例.结论 肿块型慢性胰腺炎与胰腺癌术前鉴别困难,针吸活检是做出正确诊断的有效手段,但仍有漏/误诊的可能.需根据不同病情选择合理术式.     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎8例报道

目的分析胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎与胰头癌的鉴别诊断,并选择有效的手术治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院2008年1月至2014年1月期间8例胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎患者的临床病理资料。患者术前行血液肿瘤标志物等检测,肝胆胰彩色多普勒超声、CT强化、MRI、MRCP等影像学检查。结果 8例患者中有长期饮酒或酗酒史4例,既往急性胰腺炎病史5例,慢性胆囊炎病史3例,胆囊结石2例。主要症状为不同程度的黄疸6例和左上腹疼痛5例。术前血清化验高血糖4例,胆红素持续性增高6例,CA19-9增高5例,CEA增高2例(同时CA19-9增高)。影像学检查均提示胰头部肿块。行标准的胰十二指肠切除术6例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术2例。8例患者术中均行细针穿刺多点细胞学检查提示慢性胰腺炎变化,术后病理均为慢性胰腺炎。术前CA19-9、CEA单独或共同升高患者于术后1周复查CA19-9、CEA均降至正常水平。所有患者术后均未出现胰漏、胆汁漏等严重并发症,黄疸和腹痛均缓解。1例保留十二指肠的胰头切除术后3个月出现间断性呕吐,上消化道造影显示十二指肠重度狭窄,再次手术探查发现十二指肠挛缩,以降段明显,行胃空肠吻合,症状缓解。患者术后定期门诊复查率为100%,随访时间1~6年,所有患者均未出现肿块复发、黄疸、腹痛等。结论胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎和胰头癌患者虽均以黄疸和腹痛为主要症状,但其特点不同,前者轻微、波动性、间歇性,后者持续并渐进性加重;了解既往病史对鉴别二者有一定意义;CA19-9、CEA作为鉴别胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎与胰头癌意义不大,对胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎患者术中行胰头部肿块细针多点穿刺活检,首选保留十二指肠胰头切除术,胰头肿块与周围血管粘连重呈浸润性改变患者需行胰十二指肠切除术。     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎

胰头肿块慢性胰腺炎术前易误诊为胰头癌,术中发现胰头部肿块,行胰十二指肠切除,经标本病理检查方确诊为慢性胰腺炎.我院于1990年1月～1997年5月曾对术前疑诊为胰头癌134例进行了手术切除,标本病理检查确诊15例为慢性胰腺炎,列为术前误诊病例.由于胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的临床表现与胰头癌有许多相似之处.给两者的鉴别诊断带来了不少困难,经病例分析下列病情有助于胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断:1.发病年龄较轻,本组的平均年龄较胰头癌低11岁(44.2:59.4岁);2.黄疸程度较浅,血清胆红素低于170μmol/L,经内科治疗可以减退;3.入院前病期较长,平均为17.2个月,而胰头癌为2.2个月;4CA19-9测定,凡CA19-9值     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断与外科治疗

目的总结分析胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的临床特征及诊治方法。方法回顾性分析我院近10年经外科治疗的胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎患者12例,手术方式包括胆道T管引流,胆肠吻合术,胰肠吻合术,Whipple术及保留十二指肠的胰头次全切除术等。结果行胆道T管引流术两例术后近期情况良好,1例胰头肿块消失。行胆肠吻合术和/或胰肠吻合术8例胰头肿块持续存在,3例疼痛复发,1例胰头肿块恶变。切除胰头病灶2例症状完全缓解,未见糖尿病加重等并发症。结论胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎与胰头肿瘤难以鉴别,应根据临床症状与胆道、胰腺病变的具体情况选择外科治疗时机与方式。胆道T管引流仅在严格选择的病例施行,单纯胰肠吻合、胆肠吻合术等引流术式疗效不理想,各种方式的胰头切除术效佳,兼顾了胰头肿块活检假阴性的风险或炎性病灶恶变的可能。     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的治疗

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎已被视为胰腺癌的癌前病变,并且可以导致胰管、胆管及十二指肠梗阻,其与胰头癌的鉴别诊断困难,然而二者的预后截然不同。因此,胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎一旦诊断明确即应积极手术治疗,以切除病变,缓解疼痛症状,改善病人的生活质量。胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的手术方式是直接针对胰头的,不同的手术方法包括胰十二指肠切除术（保留或不保留幽门的Whipple 手术）和保留十二指肠的胰头切除术（Beger手术及其改良术式）。手术方式尽可能采用胰十二指肠切除术,不仅切除了胰头部肿块、解除了胆道、胰管及十二指肠的梗阻,而且也去除了胰头癌的潜在病因;如胰头肿块巨大,行胰十二指肠切除术有极大风险,可考虑行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术。     

胰头肿块型胰腺炎的诊治分析

目的 总结分析胰头肿块型胰腺炎的诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析我院1998年2月至2007年2月间收治的175例慢性胰腺炎病例．总结其中16例因胰头占位,术前难以与胰腺癌进行鉴别而行胰十二指肠切除术患者的病例资料。本组中有饮酒史者12例,慢性胆囊炎史者4例。因梗阻性黄疸入院者11例,因腹痛入院者5例。诊断方法包括肿瘤标志物、B超、CT、ERCP等。结果 16例患者术中探查均显示肿块位于胰头。与周围组织有粘连,其中1例与门静脉有粘连,但尚能剥离,术后病理证实均为慢性胰腺炎。结论 目前区分慢性胰腺炎与胰腺癌尚无特异性好和敏感性高的鉴别诊断方法,CT结合ERCP对大部分病例的鉴别诊断具有较高的价值,对于胰头肿块型胰腺炎行胰十二指肠切除术可以达到较好的治疗效果。     

保留十二指肠全胰头切除术2例报告:附视频

随着损伤控制性手术和器官功能保留理念的广泛接受,对于胰头良性和低度恶性肿瘤目前多主张行保留十二指肠胰头切除术(DPPHR),但该手术局部解剖及血供复杂,手术操作难度较大,术后易发生胆道和十二指肠缺血等并发症,国内外报道的例数较少。在这里我们报道2例保留十二指肠全胰头切除术,其中1例胰头浆液性囊腺瘤患者实施胰头全切除、胰胃吻合术;1例胰头肿块型胰腺炎患者行胰头全切除、胰空肠吻合术。病例1术后1周发生急性上消化道出血,经制酸、止血、生长抑素等治疗后血止痊愈出院;病例2术后发生A级胰瘘,经引流保守治疗后痊愈出院。DPPHR的操作要点在于完整切除胰头及病变组织、保障十二指肠和胆总管下端血供,防止十二指肠和胆道缺血性损伤。     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎18例外科治疗体会

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的外科治疗效果。方法〓回顾性分析1999年1月~2013年12月15年间经手术治疗的18例胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎患者的临床资料。18例中4例合并胰管结石,5例合并胰腺囊肿;10例行胰十二指肠切除术,4例行胰管空肠Roux-y吻合术,2例行胰腺囊肿空肠Roux-y吻合术,1例行胆总管空肠Roux-y吻合术,1例同时行胰肠吻合和胃空肠吻合术。结果〓17例完成手术,1例损伤肠系膜上静脉大出血术中死亡。术后出现胸腔积液2例,切口裂开1例。获随访13例,行胰十二指肠切除术8例疼痛完全消失;胰肠或胆肠吻合4例疼痛部分缓解;1例顽固性疼痛,反复住院治疗。结论〓外科手术是胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的有效治疗方式,胰十二指肠切除术效果显著。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.     

Groove pancreatitis masquerading as pancreatic carcinoma.

The clinicopathologic and radiologic features of groove pancreatitis masquerading as pancreatic carcinoma in eight Japanese patients were reviewed. All patients were men with a mean age of 58 years. Three patients complained of abdominal pain whereas others had jaundice. The jaundice fluctuated in one patient. Four patients had several episodes of pancreatitis, and four patients were alcoholics. Radiologically, a duodenal stricture was evident in five patients, biliary stenosis in six, pancreatic duct stenosis in four, and a mass in the pancreatic head in six. The biliary stenosis was characterized by smooth tapering, which improved after biliary drainage in three cases. Of the four patients who underwent angiography, two showed an encasement of vessels, one a hypervascular mass, and the other no abnormality. All patients underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy for suspected pancreatic carcinoma. However, the histopathologic diagnosis was chronic pancreatitis confined to the groove between the distal common bile duct, duodenum, and pancreas. The duodenum showed scarring and hyperplasia of the Brunner's gland. The biliary stenosis was produced by fibrosis and chronic inflammation around the distal common bile duct. Groove pancreatitis presents various clinical features, such as biliary obstruction, duodenal stenosis, and pancreatic mass, and often masquerades as pancreatic head carcinoma. This condition should be kept in mind when making a diagnosis of pancreatic head carcinoma to avoid an unnecessary radical operation.     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊治方法。方法：对近15年行胰十二指肠切除术并经病理证实的17例胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：本组术前均不能排除胰头癌。17例均行胰十二指肠切除术，术后发生胰漏1例，其余恢复顺利，效果良好。结论：胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎早期诊断困难，尤其应与胰头癌相鉴别。对不能排除胰头癌或出现顽固性疼痛，胆管、胰管及十二指肠梗阻时，应行胰十二指肠切除术。     

胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的处理对策

近年来,随着对胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的形成机制及其与胰腺癌关系的认识不断深入,大型胰腺治疗中心手术安全性也不断提高,胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的处理有朝着积极手术干预方向发展的趋势。术前对胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的鉴别诊断不断进步,对于术前EUS活组织病理检查阴性,诊断困难的患者,术中Tru—cut组织芯活组织病理检查正越来越多地被应用,其对决定胰头部肿块进行合适的手术方式有重要作用。外科医师应通过不断改进处理策略,尽可能在保证患者治疗效果的前提下,使患者的受益最大化。     

慢性胰腺炎的分型与术式选择

目的 探讨慢性胰腺炎的分型与术式选择及其外科治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析我院外科1983-2004年收治的54例慢性胰腺炎患者的临床资料,并将其分为慢性钙化性胰腺炎及慢性梗阻性胰腺炎两组。结果男性41例(76％),女性13例(24％),平均年龄53．7岁。嗜酒者25例(46％),合并胆石症者21例(39％),原因不明特发性者2例(4％),既往有急性胰腺炎发作者18例(33％)。主诉腹痛者38例(70％),合并黄疸者27例(50％)。慢性钙化性胰腺炎与慢性梗阻性胰腺炎在某些临床表现问存在显著性差异,后者临床表现更趋复杂多样。34例患者分别采用9种不同的手术方式,无围手术期死亡。Puestow手术及胰十二指肠切除可有效地缓解疼痛,并可改善胰外分泌功能,对胰内分泌的影响不大。Puestow手术并行胆肠吻合适于合并胆道狭窄的慢性胰腺炎患者;胰头肿块型胰腺炎以黄疸为主要表现,应行胰十二指肠切除等切除术式,仅行胆道引流减黄效果良好,但胰头病变的演变尚待进一步观察。结论慢性梗阻性胰腺炎临床表现复杂,外科治疗应采用个体化原则。     

胰十二指肠切除术在胰头部慢性胰腺炎治疗中的应用和选择

目的 探讨胰十二指肠切除术在胰头部慢性胰腺炎治疗中的应用和选择。方法 回顾性分析我院1988年7月至1999年11月经胰十二指肠切除术和病理证实的10例胰头部慢性胰腺炎临床资料。结果 本组病人男性7例，妇性3例，年龄41－75岁，平均57.2岁。主要临床表现为腹痛、黄疸。影像学检查（B超、CT和ERCP）发现胰头部局限性肿大。9例行典型的Whipple手术，1例行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术。7例随访均无腹痛、糖尿病。结论 胰头部慢性胰腺炎早期诊断困难，重要的是与胰头癌相鉴别。胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头部慢性胰腺炎的手术效果良好，其手术适应证的选择和手术时机的掌握至关重要。     

New techniques in the management of pancreatic pseudocysts

The results of an analysis on the mortality-morbidity data of 1698 operations performed for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis and/or its complications at the First Department of Surgery of Semmelweis University Medical School between 1975 and 1995 are presented herein. Special attention was focused on the effectiveness of such recently introduced techniques as posterior cystogastrostomy, cysto-Wirsungo gastrostomy, modified pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy, and blunt transparenchymal cystoduodenostomy. The posterior cystogastrostomy is technically easier to perform than the traditional Juras operation, as only the posterior ventricular wall needs to be cut open, and it can be combined with decompression-type operations. On the other hand, the cysto-Wirsungo gastrostomy achieves a long-lasting effect, and the cyst drainage in this operation ensures decompression. Moreover, if this operation is performed at an early stage, the progression of chronic pancreatitis is slowed down. The modified pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy eliminates the disadvantages of the Whipple operation and is a commonly performed operation for chronic pancreatitis localized within the head of the pancreas. However, since the introduction of the blunt transparenchymal cystoduodenostomy, the number of pancreatoduodenectomies has been reduced by 60%. This is an effective method with long-lasting results for the treatment of smaller cysts localized deeply in the head of the pancreas. The findings of this study strongly suggest that that these procedures give significantly better results for certain pathological conditions such as pancreatic pesudocysts than traditional methods.     

慢性胰腺炎的外科治疗

目的 改善慢性胰腺炎的外科治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析我院外科1983－2000年收治的34例慢性胰腺炎病人的临床资料，并将其分为慢性钙化性胰腺炎及慢性梗阻性胰腺炎两组。结果 男性23例（68％），女性11例（32％），平均年龄52.89岁。嗜酒者23例（67.65%），合并胆石症者13例（38.24%），继往有急性胰腺炎发作者11例（32.35%）。主诉腹痛者28例（82.35%），合并黄疸者17例（50％），慢性钙化性胰腺炎与慢性梗阻性胰腺炎在某些临床表现间存在显著性差异，提示二者可能存在不同的发病机制。34 病人分别采用9种不同的手术方式，无围手术期死亡。Puestow手术及胰十二指肠切除可有效地缓解疼痛，并可改善胰外分泌功能，对胰内分泌的影响不大。Puestow手术并行胆肠吻合适于合并胆道狭窄的慢性胰腺炎病人，而仅行胆道引流效果不佳。结论 慢性胰腺炎的外科治疗应采用个体化原则，如合并胰管扩张可行Puestow引流手术，胰头炎性包块病人应行切除手术。     

The duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas in patients with pancreas divisum

Summary. In 1–6 % of the patients who are investigated by endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography a pancreas divisum can be found. In some patients pancreas divisum can lead to an acute relapsing and finally chronic pancreatitis (CP). Surgical intervention in these cases seems to offer a good chance of recovery. We report our experience with the duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas in 12 patients with pancreas divisum and CP. In all patients the preoperative evaluation showed clinical, functional or radiological signs of CP. The duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas was carried out in all patients without perioperative mortality. Ten postoperative versus eight preoperative patients showed a pathological exocrine function of the pancreas. Endocrine function, measured by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), improved postoperatively in two patients. Eleven patients who were investigated after a mean follow-up time of 31 months (3–75 months) were completely pain free. No late mortality occurred. OGTT revealed a diabetic endocrine function in two patients. Disturbed exocrine pancreatic function had to be substituted in nine patients. One patient had to be reoperated by duct incision and renewal of the pancreatico-jejunostomy 10 months after the first operation. In conclusion, the duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas reduced pain in all patients with pancreas divisum and CP and may lead to an improvement of endocrine pancreatic function. Other, nonresecting procedures or endoscopic interventional therapy should be avoided in these patients.