ARIP1,2在小鼠Neuro-2a细胞中的表达研究

目的探讨激活素受体相互作用蛋白1,2(AR IP1,2)在小鼠神经细胞中表达及其作用的差异。方法实时定量PCR检测AR IP1,2 mRNA,免疫细胞化学染色检测AR IP1,2蛋白。结果实时定量PCR显示AR IP1,2 mRNA在小鼠脑神经瘤细胞系Neuro-2 a细胞均有表达,免疫细胞化学染色进一步证实Neuro-2 a细胞表达AR IP1,2成熟蛋白,LPS可以上调AR IP1,2蛋白表达。在Neuro-2 a细胞过表达AR IP1,2均能抑制Activin A诱导的特异基因转录,AR IP1还能抑制Sm ad3诱导的基因转录。结论AR IP1,2均可在神经细胞表达,但其在神经细胞中介导激活素生物学作用存在差异,其差异的机制尚有待进一步研究。     

脑出血大鼠脑内bFGF蛋白和mRNA的表达

目的 探讨脑出血大鼠脑内bFGF蛋白和mRNA表达的规律，从而为脑出血后神经功能的修复提供理论依据。方法 用VII型胶原酶诱导大鼠脑出血模型、行为学计分、免疫组化及表达的光密度图像分析、Northern blot及光密度扫描。结果 在行为学计分方面，脑出血大鼠在出血7d时有明显降低，免疫组化结果显示，bFGF蛋白在脑内表达广泛，主要位于海马，皮质有少量表达。吸光度扫描结果显示，脑出血大鼠脑内bFGF蛋白和mRNA的表达在3d时达到高峰，7d时逐渐减弱。结论 随着脑出血大鼠脑内bFGF蛋白和mRNA表达的增强，其行为学得到改善，这可能是神经功能修复的主要机制之一。     

MDR-1和GFAP蛋白在难治性癫痫脑组织的表达

目的：观察不同病因的难治性癫痫手术切除脑组织中多药耐药基因蛋白（MDR-1）和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达。方法：在对22例难治性癫痫临床病理资料分析的基础上，应用免疫组化和免疫组化双标技术观察脑组织中MDR-1和GFAP蛋白的表达情况。结果：反应性胶质细胞增生是难治性癫痫共同的病理学特征。MDR-1蛋白的表达主要在一些增生性星形胶质细胞和毛细血管壁周围结构，而寡突胶质细胞、小胶质细胞及正常的神经元内无MDR-1蛋白的表达；增生性星形胶质细胞内MDR-1与GFAP具有共存现象。结论：在难治性癫痫的反应必脑胶质细胞内同时具有GFAP和MDR-1蛋白的高表达和共存。     

颞叶癫癎大鼠海马TrkB mRNA及其蛋白表达的动态变化

目的探讨颞叶癫瘸发作大鼠海马TrkB mRNA及其蛋白表达的动态变化特征.方法建立匹罗卡品(PILO)颞叶癫癎大鼠模型,应用原位杂交及免疫组织化学方法分别检测致瘸大鼠海马齿状回、CA3区及CAi区TrkB mRNA及其蛋白质表达的变化.结果 PILO致瘸后3～6 h,海马齿状回颗粒细胞层、CA1、CA3区锥体细胞层TrkBmRNA表达显著增高(P＜0.01),稍后TrkB蛋白表达也随之增高.第7～30d,TrkBmRNA及其蛋白在齿状回、CA3区呈现第二次表达增强.结论在癫癎发作早期,TrkB表达增强,提示其可能参与急性癜癎状态的发生;后期表达增强则可能参与了海马的可塑性反应而与慢性自发性发作形成有关.     

难治性颞叶癫痫颞叶脑组织中uPAR蛋白的表达及临床意义

目的研究难治性颞叶癫痫患者脑组织中的uPAR的表达,探讨其在难治性癫痫发病中的意义。方法从第四军医大学唐都医院神经外科建立的难治性癫痫患者脑组织库中随机抽取30例难治性颞叶癫痫患者术后脑组织,用免疫组织化学、免疫印迹(Western blot)检测uPAR的蛋白表达产物,并与15例对照组进行比较。结果uPAR蛋白在难治性颞叶癫痫患者颞叶脑组织中的表达量与对照组相同部位比较明显增高。结论难治性颞叶癫痫患者颞叶脑组织中uPAR蛋白产物表达增高可能与难治性颞叶癫痫发病过程中病理生理学改变有重要关联,可能为难治性颞叶癫痫的治疗提供新的靶点。     

颞叶癫痫大鼠海马TrkB mRNA及其蛋白表达的动态变化

目的 探讨颞叶癫痫发作大鼠海马TrkB mRNA及其蛋白表达的动态变化特征。方法 建立匹罗卡品(PILO)颞叶癫痢大鼠模型,应用原位杂交及免疫组织化学方法分别检测致(?)大鼠海马齿状回、CA3区及CA1区TrkB nRNA及其蛋白质表达的变化。结果 PILO致(?)后3～6 h,海马齿状回颗粒细胞层、CA1、CA3区锥体细胞层TrkB mRNA表达显著增高(P<0.01),稍后TrkB蛋白表达也随之增高。第7-30 d,TrkB mRNA及其蛋白在齿状回、CA3区呈现第二次表达增强。结论在癫(?)发作早期,TrkB表达增强,提示其可能参与急性癫痫状态的发生;后期表达增强则可能参与了海马的可塑性反应而与慢性自发性发作形成有关。     

正常大鼠脑组织伽玛刀照射后HSP70的表达及其变化

目的：观察正常大鼠脑受γ－刀照射后,热休克蛋白70（HSP70）在神经元、神经胶质细胞和血管内皮细胞的表达及变化。方法：45只正常成年大鼠脑接受γ－刀100Gy量的照射,分别成活0．4h、1h、3h、6h、12h、1d、3d、7d、14d、30d和3个月后被处死,固定取脑,切制冰冻切片,进行抗HSP70的免疫组织化学反应。结果：血管最先出现反应,成血管扩张,内皮细胞成HSP70阳性反应;其次白质内胶质细胞出现HSP70阳性反应;皮质等处神经元较晚（3d起）出现明显的反应。上述阳性反应又显示出不同的变化规律。结论：结果表明γ－刀照射虽然局限于一点,但其反应是广泛的。     

Bcl—2和Bax蛋白在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的 探讨人脑胶质瘤细胞中bcl-2和bax蛋白的表达。方法 采用S－P免疫组化法,对63例人脑胶质瘤标本进行分析。结果 63例脑胶质瘤中,bcl-2阳性表达率53．97％,其表达率并随肿瘤恶性程度增加而增加。bax阳性表达率49．21％。5例正常脑组织两表达均阴性,在bcl-2阳性表达的肿瘤中,bax阳性表达率高于bcl-2阴性表达的肿瘤（P＜0．05）。8例复发性脑胶质瘤中,bcl-2阳性率87．50％,bax阳性率37．50％,bcl-2/bax比值增大。结论 bcl-2和bax均参与肿瘤凋亡调控,bcl-2表达与脑胶质瘤恶性程度呈正相关;bax表达可随bcl-2表达增加而增加;bcl-2强表达,bax弱表达,bcl-2/bax值增大可能是肿瘤复发的预示性指标。     

慢性癫痫大鼠脑组织生长抑素mRNA及其表达产物的研究

目的　为探讨生长抑素 (SOM)在癫痫发病中的作用。方法　应用原位杂交组织化学方法研究慢性癫痫大鼠海马回、齿状回、大脑皮质 SOM m RNA表达的变化 ,并用放射免疫法检测了海马、大脑皮质内基因表达产物的变化。结果　慢性癫痫大鼠海马回、齿状回、大脑皮质 SOM m RNA胞体数量、胞体截面积均明显高于对照组 ,胞体灰度值均明显低于对照组。与此同时 ,海马及大脑皮质内 SOM含量亦明显增高。结论　慢性癫痫发病过程中编码 SOM的基因被活化 ,同时伴随着其表达产物的增加 ,SOM与癫痫的发病密切相关。     

神经干细胞分化的神经元离子型谷氨酸受体NMDA亚单位的mRNA和蛋白表达

目的在体外研究由大鼠神经干细胞(NSCs)分化而来神经元细胞中离子型谷氨酸NMDA受体表达。方法分离培养孕14～16d胎鼠皮质和海马神经干细胞，对NSCs进行nestin和分化鉴定。通过RT—PCR、Western blot免疫印迹和免疫组化检测NSCs分化的神经元细胞中离子型谷氨酸NMDA受体亚单位NR1、NR2A和NR2B的mRNA和蛋白表达。结果从孕14～16d胎鼠大脑中分离培养出NSCs，NSCs分化后的神经元可以表达离子型谷氨酸NMDA受体亚单位NR1、NR2A和NR2B。结论由NSCs分化而来的神经元能表达离子型谷氨酸NMDA受体。     

AMP deaminase in rat brain: localization in neurons and ependymal cells.

The purine nucleotide cycle enzyme AMP deaminase (AMPD) catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of AMP. The physiological function of the purine nucleotide cycle in the brain is unknown. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies were performed to identify the regional and cellular expression of AMPD in rat brain with the goal of elucidating the neural function of the purine nucleotide cycle. AMPD messenger RNA was detected in ventricular ependymal cells and cells of the choroid plexus and in neurons of distinct brain areas. Although only low antibody titers were obtained by immunization with the purified sheep brain AMPD, immunization of mice with synthetic lipopeptide vaccines containing oligopeptides derived from a known partial complementary DNA sequence of the enzyme yielded an antiserum suitable for immunocytochemistry. Immunostaining of cells in culture showed that neurons but not astroglial cells express appreciable amounts of the enzyme. Results of immunocytochemical staining performed on rat brain slices were in accord with the localization of AMPD messenger RNA, thus confirming the expression of AMPD in neurons of the brain stem, hippocampus, cerebellar nuclei and mesencephalic nuclei, as well as in ventricular ependymal cells and their cilia.     

Immunochemical and immunohistochemical localization of Bcl-x protein in the rat central nervous system

To explore the role of bcl-x in the regulation of cell death in the nervous system, we produced monoclonal antibodies against rat Bcl-x_L protein, the major product of the rat bcl-x gene that inhibits apoptosis, and defined its distribution in rat neural tissues by immunochemical and immunohistochemical means. Western blotting of tissue homogenates identified the Bcl-x protein as two bands with molecular weights of about 29 and 31 kDa. The level of Bcl-x expression in the nervous system was high, being comparable to that in the hematolymphoid system, and higher in the fetal than in the adult brain. Subcellular fractionation studies localized Bcl-x to various subcellular compartments. In tissue culture, Bcl-x was produced by all the cell types examined, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglial cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Bcl-x immunoreactivity was more intense in the gray than in the white matter. In the fetal cerebral cortex, labeling was mostly confined to the neuronal perikarya, whereas in the more mature brain, the neuropil of the gray matter, as well as the glial cells in the white matter, was also stained.     

Developmental and aging changes of Bak expression in the human brain

The gene bak regulates apoptosis. To explore its role in the human central nervous system, we examined the distribution of its protein product, Bak, in the brains at various ages, by immunochemical and immunohistochemical means. Western blotting revealed that Bak expression in the cerebrum and cerebellum is high in the brains of the fetuses and elderly subjects, but low in those of young adults. Immunostaining of the cerebellum localized Bak immunoreactivity to Purkinje cells, which was strong in the fetal period and senescence, but undetectable from infancy to adolescence. These results suggest that bak regulates neuronal death associated with the development and aging of the central nervous system.     

Olig-2在人脑胶质细胞瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的研究少突胶质细胞转录因子-2（Olig-2）在人脑胶质细胞瘤组织中的表达,并探讨其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化sP法和蛋门印迹技术（Westernblot）,检测96例脑胶质细胞瘤患者的手术标本,WHO分类：Ⅰ级26例,Ⅱ级28例,Ⅲ级20例,Ⅳ级22例;组织学分类：巨细胞星形胶质细胞瘤26例,少突胶质细胞瘤28例,间变性星形胶质细胞瘤20例,多形胶质母细胞瘤10例,髓母细胞瘤12例和10例颅脑损伤内减压脑组织标本中Olig-2蛋白的表达水平：结果免疫组化结果表明：巨细胞星形胶质细胞瘤阳性表达牢为23．08％（6／26）,少突胶质细胞瘤阳性表达率为82．14％（23／28）,间变性星形胶质细胞瘤阳性表达率为40．00％（8／20）,多形胶质母细胞瘤阳性表达率为30．00％（3／10）,髓母细胞瘤阳性表达率为75．00％（9／12）和正常脑组织阳性表达率为60．00％（6／10）;Olig-2阳性率在良性（Ⅰ＋Ⅱ）和恶性（Ⅲ＋Ⅳ）中分别为53．70％（29／54）和47．62％（20／42）,统计学处理无明显差异（P〉0．05）;少突胶质细胞瘤Olig-2阳性率82．14％（23／28）和其它病理类型肿瘤阳性率38．24％（26／68）比较有明显差异（P〈0．05）;Westernblot结果显示少突胶质细胞瘤中Olig-2蛋白的表达明显高于其它类型胶质细胞瘤及正常脑组织（P〈0．05）。结论Olig-2在少突胶质细胞瘤中明显高表达,但表达水平与脑胶质细胞瘤恶性程度无明显相关,Olig-2可以作为人脑少突胶质细胞瘤与其它类型胶质细胞瘤鉴别诊断的重要标记物.     

Expression of MUPP1 protein in mouse brain

Localizing cell surface receptors to specific subcellular sites can be crucial for proper functioning. PDZ proteins apparently play central roles in such protein localizations. 5-HT_2C receptors have previously been shown to interact with MUPP1, a multi PDZ domain protein, in heterologous systems and in rat choroid plexus. We now report the generation and characterization of two independent MUPP1 antisera, which recognise distinct areas of the mouse brain in agreement with previous in-situ hybridization studies. Our results indicate that MUPP1 immunoreactivity co-localizes with 5-HT_2A or 5-HT_2C receptor expression in all regions of the mouse brain, including the choroid plexus where 5-HT_2C receptors are highly enriched.     

SPARC, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein containing the follistatin module, is expressed by astrocytes in synaptic enriched regions of the adult brain

Although extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins play important roles in neural development, their levels are generally believed to decrease in the adult brain. Immunohistochemical analysis indicates that the anti-adhesive ECM glycoprotein SPARC/osteonectin, which contains a follistatin ‘module’, is expressed in the adult rabbit nervous system. In the cerebellum, SPARC is present in Bergmann glia, with a strong signal along their radial fibres. SPARC, while enriched in membrane fractions, is not a transmembrane protein. In the hippocampus, colocalization of SPARC is observed in cells which express the astrocytic marker GFAP. The expression of SPARC by a subset of astrocytes, particularly in synaptic enriched areas, suggests a continuing role for the ECM in the adult brain.