Impact of the kidney transplantation on renalase and blood pressure levels in renal transplant donors and recipients

Introduction and objectivesPrevalence of hypertension increases as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines. Renalase metabolizes catecholamines and have an important role in blood pressure (BP) regulation. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of kidney transplantation on renalase levels and BP in kidney donors and recipients.Materials and methodsTwenty kidney transplant recipients and their donors were included in the study. Serum renalase levels and ambulatory BP values were measured in both donors and recipients before and after transplantation. Factor associated with change in renalase and BP levels were also evaluated.ResultsIn donors; mean GFR and hemoglobin levels decreased while night-time systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels and serum renalase levels increased simultaneously after nephrectomy. Day-time SBP and DBP levels did not changed and the night/day ratio of mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased significantly. In recipients, mean GFR increased, while mean serum renalase levels, creatinine and BP levels decreased after transplantation. Correlation analysis revealed that changes in MAP correlated with alteration in serum renalase levels and GFR.ConclusionsAfter transplantation, serum renalase levels increased in donors and decreased in recipients. The renalase levels are associated with change in MAP and circadian rhythm of BP in donors and recipients.     

Quantitative Study of Circadian Variations of Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Chinese Healthy,Hypertensive, and Diabetes Subjects

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) recorded abundant data of BP and heart rate (HR) variations with even more derived parameters for evaluation of BP. Using our ABP database system established recently, we studied quantitatively the data of 24-hr ABP in Chinese. First, 155 Chinese were divided into three groups: 50 healthy subjects (C) of 20 men and 30 women, aged 60.0 ± 10.3 (SD) years; 58 hypertensive patients (H, mild or moderate hypertension) of 33 men and 25 women, aged 59.4 ± 8.0 years; 47 diabetes patients (D, type 2 diabetes, all were normotensive and with no insulin treatment) with 28 men and 19 women, aged 61.0 ± 8.5 years. Then 24-hr ABP was monitored by TM-2421 Monitor and data were analyzed by ABP database, cosinor method, and conventional statistics. Our results were 4-fold: 1) systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), HR, rate-pressure product (HR × SBP) showed circadian variations, and significant circadian rhythms were confirmed by cosinor method in all groups. MESOR (midline estimate statistic of rhythm) differed significantly among three groups (H had the highest and C had the lowest values); 2) BP means (SBP, DBP, pulse pressure [PP], and HR × SBP) and BP loads (SBP, DBP, and PP) showed significant differences among the groups (H and D had higher values than that of C); 3) there were no significant differences of BP variability (BPV) of SBP, DBP, and PP among the groups; 4) areas under curve of BP (SBP, DBP, and PP) in H were significantly higher than in C and there was no significant difference between H and D. We concluded that ABPM can offer abundant information on BP evaluation by its direct recording data and derived parameters. The computerized way of treating the large numbers of ABPM values supplies a useful tool in evaluation of BP. Our results suggest that clinically normotensive diabetes patients had some pathological alterations in their BP systems.     

Quantitative study of circadian variations of ambulatory blood pressure in Chinese healthy, hypertensive, and diabetes subjects

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) recorded abundant data of BP and heart rate (HR) variations with even more derived parameters for evaluation of BP. Using our ABP database system established recently, we studied quantitatively the data of 24-hr ABP in Chinese. First, 155 Chinese were divided into three groups: 50 healthy subjects (C) of 20 men and 30 women, aged 60.0 +/- 10.3 (SD) years; 58 hypertensive patients (H, mild or moderate hypertension) of 33 men and 25 women, aged 59.4 +/- 8.0 years; 47 diabetes patients (D, type 2 diabetes, all were normotensive and with no insulin treatment) with 28 men and 19 women, aged 61.0 +/- 8.5 years. Then 24-hr ABP was monitored by TM-2421 Monitor and data were analyzed by ABP database, cosinor method, and conventional statistics. Our results were 4-fold: 1) systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), HR, rate-pressure product (HR x SBP) showed circadian variations, and significant circadian rhythms were confirmed by cosinor method in all groups. MESOR (midline estimate statistic of rhythm) differed significantly among three groups (H had the highest and C had the lowest values); 2) BP means (SBP, DBP, pulse pressure [PP], and HR x SBP) and BP loads (SBP, DBP, and PP) showed significant differences among the groups (H and D had higher values than that of C); 3) there were no significant differences of BP variability (BPV) of SBP, DBP, and PP among the groups; 4) areas under curve of BP (SBP, DBP, and PP) in H were significantly higher than in C and there was no significant difference between H and D. We concluded that ABPM can offer abundant information on BP evaluation by its direct recording data and derived parameters. The computerized way of treating the large numbers of ABPM values supplies a useful tool in evaluation of BP. Our results suggest that clinically normotensive diabetes patients had some pathological alterations in their BP systems.     

伴及不伴OSA高血压患者的血压变异性和OSA相关性研究

目的研究伴或不伴睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)高血压患者的血压变异性和OSA的相关性。方法纳入阴虚阳亢型轻中度高血压患者90例,对患者行便携式睡眠仪监测、24h动态血压(ABPM)监测。观察患者血压的均值、变异性,及昼夜节律和OSA的关系;采用多元逐步回归法分析OSA和血压的关系。结果与不伴OSA的高血压患者相比,伴OSA患者的血压变异性和非杓型血压发生率明显增高,夜间血压下降率明显降低(P<0.05);其中夜间平均收缩压、24h收缩压血压标准差与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)呈正相关,夜间收缩压下降率和AHI呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论伴OSA患者的血压变异性增高,昼夜节律紊乱。     

原发性高血压病合并亚临床靶器官损伤患者血压昼夜节律特点及短期血压变异性与亚临床靶器官损伤的关系研究

背景近年国外大量研究显示,高血压患者正常血压昼夜节律的消失及短期血压变异性(BPV)增高与靶器官损伤(TOD)、不良心血管预后密切相关,而国内相似研究较少。目的探讨原发性高血压病合并亚临床TOD患者血压昼夜节律特点及短期BPV与亚临床TOD的关系。方法本研究为横断面研究。选取2017年1月—2018年1月在北京市垂杨柳医院心内科住院的原发性高血压病患者212例为研究对象,按照患者是否合并亚临床TOD将其分为合并亚临床TOD组112例和未合并亚临床TOD组100例。比较两组患者一般资料、血压、亚临床TOD相关指标、血压昼夜节律、短期BPV参数。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨原发性高血压病患者合并亚临床TOD的影响因素。结果合并亚临床TOD组患者24 h平均收缩压(SBP)、日间平均SBP、夜间平均SBP、左心室质量指数(LVMI)、尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值高于未合并亚临床TOD组,估算肾小球滤过率(e GFR)低于未合并亚临床TOD组,颈-股动脉脉搏波传导速度(cf-PWV)快于未合并亚临床TOD组(P <0.05)。合并亚临床TOD组患者表现为非勺型血压模式,未合并亚临床TOD组患者表现为勺型血压模式。合并亚临床TOD组患者夜间SBP下降率低于未合并亚临床TOD组(P <0.05)。合并亚临床TOD组患者24 h SBP标准差(SD)、日间SBP SD、夜间SBP SD、24 h SBP变异系数(CV)、日间SBP CV、SBP加权标准差(WSD)、SBP实际变异均值(ARV)大于未合并亚临床TOD组(P <0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,24 h平均SBP[OR=1.129,95%CI(1.049,1.215)]、日间平均SBP[OR=0.854,95%CI(0.783,0.931)]、夜间SBP下降率[OR=0.663,95%CI(0.493,0.891)]是原发性高血压病患者合并亚临床TOD的影响因素(P <0.05)。结论原发性高血压病合并亚临床TOD患者的24 h血压昼夜节律受损,同时伴有短期BPV增高;本研究尚未发现原发性高血压病患者短期BPV与其合并亚临床TOD有关。     

Effect of Low-Dose Manidipine on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Very Elderly Hypertensives

Summary. To evaluate the effect of manidipine 10 mg on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in very elderly hypertensive patients, 54 patients aged 76–89 years (mean age 81.8 years) with systolic blood pressure (SBP) >160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >90 mmHg were studied. After a 4-week placebo washout period, patients were randomized to receive manidipine 10 mg or placebo, both administered once daily for 8 weeks. Patients were checked after the initial run-in placebo phase and every 4 weeks thereafter. At each visit casual BP and HR were measured. At the end of the placebo period and after 8 weeks of active treatment, noninvasive 24-hour ambulate blood pressure measurement ABPM was performed. Manidipine significantly lowered casual sitting and standing SBP (P <0.001) and DBP (P <0.001) at the trough level. ABPM showed a significant decrease in 24-hour SBP and DBP values (P < 0,001), daytime SBP and DBP (P <0.001), and night-time SBP (P <0.001) and DBP (P <0.005). In addition, ABPM confirmed a consistent antihypertensive activity throughout the 24-hour dosing interval, without effect on the circadian BP profile. The trough/peak ratio was 0.67 for SBP and 0.59 DBP. No statistically significant change in HR was observed. The treatment was well tolerated, and there were no serious side effects. In conclusion, in very elderly hypertensive patients, once-daily administration of manidipine 10 mg was well tolerated and effective in reducing casual as well ambulatory BP.     

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with hyperthyroidism before and after control of thyroid function

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Thyroid hormones have pronounced effects on the cardiovascular system. Thyrotoxicosis affects blood pressure (BP), modifying both diastolic (DBP) and systolic (SBP) pressures. There are no studies examining BP with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in hyperthyroidism before and after control of thyroid function. Our aims were (1) to analyse ABPM in a group of normotensive hyperthyroid patients before and after normalizing circulating thyroid hormones and (2) to compare these results with those obtained in a group of euthyroid subjects. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: We studied 20 normotensive hyperthyroid subjects [18 women; age (mean +/- SEM) 49.0 +/- 3.0 years] and 15 healthy subjects. Patients were evaluated by ABPM over 24 h, at diagnosis and after therapy (n = 18). RESULTS: The average 24-h, daytime and night-time SBP was significantly greater in hyperthyroid patients than in controls with no significant differences in DBP. Circadian BP rhythm, estimated by the difference between mean values of SBP, DBP and mean BP during daytime and night-time, was unchanged. The average 24-h and daytime SBP significantly decreased after normalizing thyroid function in the 18 hyperthyroid evaluated patients. Daytime SBP and DBP were higher than night-time values both before and after control of thyroid function. However, no differences in circadian BP rhythm were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Normotensive hyperthyroid patients exhibit higher ambulatory SBP throughout 24 h than normotensive euthyroid subjects. Control of hyperthyroidism decreases ambulatory SBP values. Mean nocturnal fall in BP is comparable in normotensive hyperthyroid patients and control subjects.     

Night-time blood pressure load is associated with higher left ventricular mass index in renal transplant recipients

The absence of nocturnal fall in blood pressure (BP) is named as nondipper status, which has been shown to be an additional risk factor for the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiovascular events in several high-risk groups. The aim of this study was to determine the influences of the nondipper status and nocturnal blood pressure loads on left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in renal transplant recipients. A total of 35 nondiabetic renal transplant recipients were included into the study. A 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed for all recipients. The nondipper status was defined as either an increase in night-time mean arterial pressure (MAP) or a decrease of no more than 10% of daytime MAP. LVMI was measured by using two-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiography. The night-time systolic blood pressure (SBP) load was defined as the percentage of the time, during which SBP exceeded 125 mmHg during night time. The nondipping was common among renal transplant recipients, of whom 60% were nondipper in our study. LVMI was significantly higher in the nondipper group vs the dipper group (133 +/- 35 g/m(2) vs 109 +/- 26 g/m(2), P = 0.04). A fall in MAP at night time was 14.5 +/- 4.3% in the dipper group, while it was 1.4 +/- 6.1% in the nondipper group (P < 0.001). On stepwise multiple regression analysis, night-time SBP load and haemoglobin were independent predictors of LVMI (R(2) = 0.53). In conclusion, nondipping is common after renal transplantation. Night-time SBP load and low haemoglobin are closely related to the increase in LVMI in renal transplant recipients. ABPM may be a more useful tool in optimizing treatment strategies to reduce cardio-vascular events in renal transplant recipients.     

80例老年高血压病人的动态血压监测及康复干预的效果

目的：探讨老年高血压患的动态血压监测特点及康复治疗意义。方法：使用英国产MEDILOG ABP MONIFORING SYSTEM（无创伤性动态血压监测仪），对80例老年高血压患进行24小时动态血压监测，采用固定时间段记录（日间每15分钟1次，晚间每30分钟1次）。38例轻，中度老年高血压患接受了8周的综合康复干预疗法。结果：老年高血压患的24小时平均SBP及DBP，日间及夜间SBP及DBP，血压负荷值，24小时mBP及mPP等参数值均明显高于正常参照值（P＜0．05）。康复组在接受8周康复治疗后血压各参数水平显下降（P＜0．05－P＜0．05）。：ABPM的常用参数是诊断高血压，指导临床用药，观察评估康复疗效，预测并发症的重要指标。     

Blood Pressure Profiles 5 to 10 Years After Transplant in Pediatric Solid Organ Recipients

Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease after solid organ transplantation, emphasizing the need for blood pressure (BP) monitoring. The authors studied 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) parameters (index, load, dipping) and their predictive value with regard to hypertension as well as correlations with graft function and metabolic parameters such as obesity and dyslipidemias. The ABPM profiles of 111 renal, 29 heart, and 13 liver transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed 5 to 10 years after transplant (median 5.1 years). The BP profiles among the different transplant groups were similar. The BP index and load were abnormal especially at nighttime and the nocturnal BP dipping was often blunted (in 49% to 83% of the patients). The BP variables were found to be equally valued when assessing hypertension. BP load of 50% instead of 25% seems to be a more adequate cutoff value. The BP variables correlated poorly with the metabolic parameters and kidney function. Antihypertensive medication did not notably change the ABPM profile in renal transplant recipients. Hypertension, including nocturnal hypertension, is present in children receiving solid organ transplant, underlining the importance of use of ABPM in the follow‐up of these patients.     

Ambulatory blood pressure and arterial stiffness web‐based telemonitoring in patients at cardiovascular risk. First results of the VASOTENS (Vascular health ASsessment Of The hypertENSive patients) Registry

The VASOTENS Registry is an international telehealth‐based repository of 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitorings (ABPM) obtained through an oscillometric upper‐arm BP monitor allowing combined estimation of some vascular biomarkers. The present paper reports the results obtained in 1200 participants according to different categories of CV risk. Individual readings were averaged for each recording and 24‐hour mean of brachial and aortic systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index (AIx) obtained. Peripheral and central BP, PWV and AIx values were increased in older participants (SBP only) and in case of hypertension (SBP and DBP). BP was lower and PWV and AIx higher in females. PWV was increased and BP unchanged in case of metabolic syndrome. Our results suggest that ambulatory pulse wave analysis in a daily life setting may help evaluate vascular health of individuals at risk for CV disease.     

老年高血压病血压昼夜节律与左室肥厚的关系

目的：观察老年高血压病血压昼夜节律与左心室服厚（LVH）的关系。方法：对120例老年高血压患行24小时动态血压监测（ABPM）以观察血压昼夜节律,用超声心动图检测左室重量指数（LVMI）,然后分析二相关关系。结果：血压昼夜节律减弱的70例中LVH有41例,占58．8％,血压昼夜节律消失的50例均有LVH（100％）。血压昼夜节律消失的左室肥厚率显的高于血压昼夜节律减弱的（P＜0．01）。结论：夜间收缩压和舒张压下降率与左室肥厚呈显负相关。     

Effect of doxazosin GITS on 24-hour blood pressure profile in patients with stage 1 to stage 2 primary hypertension

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) on the 24 h blood pressure (BP) profile by ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM) in patients with stage 1 to stage 2 primary hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventeen hypertensive patients-either untreated or after a two-week run-in/washout period-underwent office and ABPM monitoring before and six weeks after an open-label once-daily morning dose of 4 mg of doxazosin GITS, an alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist. Fourteen patients responded; three did not. Data analyses refers to the responders: linear analysis demonstrated statistically significant reductions from baseline in daytime, night-time, and total 24 h means for systolic BP (SBP) (7-10 mmHg) and diastolic BP (DBP) (5-10 mmHg) after treatment, with no statistically significant change in heart rate (HR). Rhythm analysis demonstrated statistically significant reductions from baseline in mean mesor (8 mmHg), maximum (6 mmHg) and minimum (10 mmHg) values in SBP, and in mean mesor (5 mmHg), maximum (7 mmHg) and minimum (5 mmHg) values in DBP. Circadian rhythm parameters in BP and HR were not significantly altered by treatment. Treatment with doxazosin GITS was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: A single morning dose of doxazosin GITS at 4 mg significantly reduced ambulatory SBP and DBP throughout a 24 h period while preserving a normal 24 h BP and HR rhythm profile in stage 1 to stage 2 hypertensives.     

Low-dose transdermal hormone therapy does not interfere with the blood pressure of hypertensive menopausal women: a pilot study

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of low-dose transdermal hormone therapy (HT) on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (BP) evaluated by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in hypertensive postmenopausal women. METHODS: The study was conducted on 24 hypertensive postmenopausal women aged, on average, 54 years and under treatment with enalapril maleate (10-20 mg/day) combined or not with hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/day). Thirteen women used a transdermal adhesive containing estradiol and norethisterone (25 and 125 mug active substance/day, respectively) and 11 did not receive HT. ABPM, lipid profile, and climacteric symptoms were evaluated before and 3 and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: After 3 and 6 months of follow-up, there was a statistically significant reduction of the Blatt-Kupperman menopausal index in the treated group (19.6+/-8.3 vs. 9.6+/-5.9 vs. 9.7+/-7.0; P=0.01). No significant difference in any of the ABPM variables (areas under the systolic and diastolic curves, mean SBP and DBP, SBP and DBP loads and wakefulness-sleep variation) or in the lipid profile was observed between or within groups at the three time points studied. CONCLUSION: Low-dose transdermal HT administered for 6 months was effective in improving climacteric symptoms and did not change BP values or circadian pattern in postmenopausal women with mild-to-moderate arterial hypertension taking antihypertensive medications.     

苯那普利对高血压病患者心率变异性及其昼夜节律的影响

目的　观察苯那普利对高血压病患者动态血压、心率变异性及其心率变异性昼夜节律的影响。方法　 3 6例高血压病人 ,服用苯那普利 ( 10～ 2 0 mg/ d) 8周 ,用药前后做动态血压和 2 4h动态心电图分析。结果　治疗后动态血压各指标均下降 ( P<0 .0 5或 <0 .0 1) ;HRV(心率变异性 )时域指标 RMSSD(全部相邻 RR间期之差的均方根值 )升高 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,其他指标虽均有升高 ,但无统计学意义 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ;频域指标中 HF(高频功率 )增加 ,L F(低频功率 )、L F/ HF下降 ;5分钟 HRV中治疗后白昼段和夜间段 HF均升高 ,L F/ HF均下降 ,且白昼段 L F较夜间段高 ,HF比夜间段低。结论　苯那普利可以很好控制全天血压 ,同时降低交感神经活性 ,提高迷走神经张力 ,且不干扰心率变异性的昼夜节律     

糖尿病植物神经病变与血压昼夜节律异常的关系

目的探讨反映植物性神经功能受损的昼夜血压变化节律在糖尿病合并神经炎病人中的情况。方法收集糖尿病病人６０例按ＷＨＯ的诊断标准，分为合并有神经炎症状的３２例为ＤＭＮ组，２８例无神经炎表现的ＮＤＭＮ组。以指套式动态血压仪监测２４小时动态血压。结果除白天收缩压两组之间无统计学差别外，２４小时收缩压和舒张压、夜间收缩压和舒张压、２４小时血压负荷、血压昼夜差别值、节律变化率在两组之间都有统计学上的明显差异。结论动脉血压的动态监测对发现糖尿病患者的植物性神经紊乱有实用价值     

Comparison between casual blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring parameters in healthy and hypertensive adolescents

Casual blood pressure measurements were compared with mean ambulatory blood pressure values during wakefulness and sleep in 45 normotensive and 30 hypertensive adolescents of both sexes aged 10-18 years. Two sets of auscultatory casual blood pressure were obtained, one in a pediatric office setting (office blood pressure), performed by the physician, and one in the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) unit, performed by a trained nurse, prior to the initiation of ABPM (pre-ABPM blood pressure). In normotensive and hypertensive subjects of both sexes, the mean office systolic blood pressure (SBP) was lower than the mean pre-ABPM SBP, and the mean office diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was lower than the mean pre-ABPM DBP. In normotensive participants, the mean pre-ABPM SBP/DBP was lower than the mean ABPM SBP/DBP while awake, the mean ABPM SBP/DBP during sleep being lower than the mean ABPM SBP/DBP values while awake and the mean pre-ABPM SBP/DBP. No statistical difference was demonstrated between the mean office SBP and the mean ABPM SBP during sleep, the mean ABPM DBP during sleep being lower than the mean office DBP. The hypertensive adolescents presented a blood pressure profile similar to that of the normotensive group, albeit shifted upwards, with no significant difference between the mean pre-ABPM SBP and the mean ABPM SBP while awake but a higher mean pre-ABPM DBP than mean ABPM DBP while awake. This study suggests that, by evaluating the casual blood pressure in different environment/observer situations, the power of casual blood pressure to predict inadequate blood pressure control, manifested as abnormal ABPM parameters, can be enhanced. Our data indicate ABPM to be the method of choice for the early diagnosis and adequate follow-up of adolescent hypertension.     

CAPD patients exhibit a nocturnal fall in blood pressure: a single-centre study

Background: In 29 CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) patients the height and diurnal variation of the blood pressure (BP) and heart-rate (HR) were analyzed by means of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).Methods: Normal diurnal variation was defined as a fall of 10% or more during nighttime (NT) compared with daytime (DT) BP or HR (DT = 10.00 a.m.–9.00 p.m., NT = midnight–06.00 a.m.). To evaluate high BP in the course of time we used the concept of “whole-day BP load”, defined as the percentage of BP readings above 140/90 mmHg during a 24-h period. A “hypertensive BP load” was defined as a systolic BP (SBP) load of more than 50% and/or a diastolic BP (DBP) load in excess of 40%. In addition to analysis of the circadian rhythm of BP and HR and the prevalence of a hypertensive BP load in CAPD patients, the influence of various factors such as gender, creatinine clearance, recombinant human erythropoietin, antihypertensive medication, haematocrit, whole-day BP load, and the nightly dialysis glucose concentration on the diurnal variation of BP and HR were studied.Results: Based on the 95% confidence intervals for the proportional nocturnal decrease, normal diurnal variation of BP and HR was present in most CAPD patients. No correlation could be demonstrated between a blunted circadian rhythm and the variables mentioned above. However, when other time-period definitions (DT = 6.00 a.m.–11.00 p.m., NT = 11.00–6.00 and DT = 8.00 a.m.–8.00 p.m., NT = 8.00 p.m.–8.00 a.m.) were applied to the data, considerably fewer patients displayed normal diurnal variation. Whereas all patients showed normal home BP readings, ABPM of 21 out of 29 patients displayed a hypertensive BP load.Conclusion: The majority of our CAPD patients exhibited normal diurnal variation of SBP and DBP depending, however, on the definitions of DT and NT used. The absence of a normal circadian rhythm could not be explained by any of the variables analyzed. Surprisingly, uncontrolled hypertension, as defined by a hypertensive BP load, was found in 72% of the patients.     

动态血压监测对老年体位性低血压评价的探讨

目的探讨动态血压监测（ABPM）技术对老年体位性低血压的评价价值。方法对152例门诊老年人进行卧位及立位3min血压测量,根据血压变化将患者分为体位性低血压组及非体位性血压组。对所有患者进行动态血压监测,计算并比较两组全天、白天以及夜间的平均血压、平均脉压、血压负荷、血压变异系数、动态动脉硬化指数以及24h血压昼夜节律。结果体位性低血压组的夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、夜间收缩压负荷、夜间舒张压负荷、全天收缩压变异系数均高于非体位性低血压组,血压昼夜节律以反杓型为主。结论动态血压监测在老年体位性低血压的用药指导中有着重要的临床作用;老年体位性低血压存在夜间高血压、卧位高血压、收缩压波动范围大、血压昼夜节律异常的特点,上述特征均可造成重要靶器官的损伤。     

氢氯噻嗪联合盐酸贝那普利对非杓型高血压患者血压水平的影响

目的按照时间治疗学原则,探讨不同时间服用氢氯噻嗪和盐酸贝那普利对新发1级、2级非杓型高血压患者血压水平的影响。方法对62例非杓型高血压患者随机分为早氢氯噻嗪+早盐酸贝那普利组(早早组)和早氢氯噻嗪+晚盐酸贝那普利组(早晚组),共治疗8周。服药前后进行诊室血压测量和动态血压监测,观察药物对血压水平及血压昼夜节律的影响。结果治疗后两组诊室收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05);两组间诊室SBP和DBP在治疗前后差异无统计学意义。动态血压结果显示,两组患者的24 hSBP和24 hDBP水平均较治疗前有明显下降(P<0.01)。早晚组患者的夜间SBP和DBP达标率明显高于早早组(P<0.01)。在血压昼夜节律纠正方面,早早组将非杓型纠正为杓型血压的比例为20%,早晚组将非杓型纠正为杓型的比例为40%(P<0.01)。结论对于新发1级和2级非杓型高血压患者,联合服用氢氯噻嗪和盐酸贝那普利可以有效控制血压。晚上服用盐酸贝那普利可以较好地纠正夜间的高负荷血压,维持正常的昼夜变化节律。