ICAM-1、MMP-9在人脑胶质瘤的表达及相关性研究

目的 探讨细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）在人脑胶质瘤的表达及相关性研究。方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测82例胶质瘤组织中ICAM-1、MMP-9的表达水平。结果 ICAM-1在82例人脑胶质瘤蜡块组织中全部呈阳性表达，72例MMP-9呈阳性表达，阳性率87，80％，实验对照为脑外伤手术减压的脑组织11例未见ICAM-1、MMP-9表达。ICAM-1、MMP-9阳性表达水平在胶质瘤高度恶性组高于低度恶性组，差别有显著性意义（P＜0．01）。ICAM-1和MMP-9在人脑胶质瘤的表达存在相关性（r=0．436）。结论 ICAM-1和MMP-9在胶质瘤存在协同作用，共同参与胶质瘤的发生、发展和恶性演变，并由此推测ICAM-1与MMP-9联合检测会更好地对脑胶质瘤的恶性生物学行为进行评价和判断。     

MCT1 MMP-2mRNA在人脑胶质瘤的表达及相关性研究

目的探讨单羧酸转运蛋白-1(MCT1)和基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)mRNA在人脑胶质细胞瘤中的表达及相关性。方法应用荧光定量qRT-PCR法,分别测定50例原发性人脑胶质细胞瘤和10例脑内减压术患者脑组织标本中MCT1、MMP-2mRNA表达水平。结果 (1)MCT1、MMP-2在人脑胶质细胞瘤组织中mRNA表达较对照组显著增强(P0.05);(2)MCT1、MMP-2在高级别胶质瘤组较低级别胶质瘤组mRNA表达显著增加(P0.05);(3)MCT1、MMP-2mRNA在胶质瘤中的表达可能具有正相关性(r=0.712,P=0.001),对照组标本中均未见明显MCT1、MMP-2mRNA表达。结论(1)MCT1、MMP-2mRNA的表达同胶质瘤恶性级别关系密切,且病理级别越高其表达强度明显增强;(2)MCT1、MMP-2mRNA表达可能协同参与了人脑原发性胶质瘤的病理发展过程;(3))MCT1、MMP-2mRNA关联检测有可能作为判断胶质瘤侵袭性及其预后的重要参考指标。     

CXCR4在胶质瘤诱导血管生成中的作用

目的 研究CXCR4在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其与肿瘤恶性程度、微血管密度(MVD)之间的关系,进一步探讨CXCR4在胶质瘤血管生成中的作用及CXCR4作为抗肿瘤靶点的可能性.方法 收集河南省人民医院神经外科自2009年9月至2011年9月手术切除的人脑胶质瘤标本41例,其中低度恶性胶质瘤(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)18例,高度恶性胶质瘤(Ⅲ～IV级)23例.另外取行内减压术的脑外伤患者的新鲜脑组织10例作为对照.免疫组织化学染色检测标本CXCR4和CD34的表达,实时荧光定量PCR检测标本CXCR4mRNA的表达.结果 免疫组化染色结果显示对照组CXCR4表达阴性,脑胶质瘤组织CXCR4表达阳性28例(68.29％),脑胶质瘤组织MVD的表达高于对照组,且高度恶性胶质瘤组CXCR4表达阳性率、MVD的表达均高于低度恶性胶质瘤组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);CXCR4表达阳性组MVD(42.51±6.99)明显高于CXCR4表达阴性组(25.98±4.99),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高度恶性胶质瘤组CXCR4mRNA的表达量(5.19±1.43)高于低度恶性胶质瘤组(2.28±0.71),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 CXCR4在胶质瘤血管生成中发挥重要的作用,有可能成为胶质瘤抗血管生成治疗的新靶点.     

ARK5和MMP-2在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶5(ARK5)与基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在人脑胶质瘤中的表达,并探讨两者的相关性及其临床意义.方法 收集具有明确病理分级的67例新鲜人脑胶质瘤标本(实验组,A组),其中低级别级胶质瘤(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)28例(A1组,n=28),高级别胶质瘤(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)39例(A2,n=39),并收集32例脑外伤行内减压去除的脑组织标本作为对照组(B,n=32).分别采用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)与Western blot测定标本中ARK5和MMP-2的mRNA及蛋白表达水平,研究ARK5和MMP-2在胶质瘤中的表达水平及与病理分级的关系.结果 (1)胶质瘤组ARK5和MMP-2 mRNA及蛋白表达水平较对照组显著上调(P＜0.05).(2)A2组ARK5和MMP-2 mRNA及蛋白表达水平较A1组显著上调(P＜0.05).(3)MMP-2在胶质瘤中的表达与ARK5呈显著正相关(r=0.782,P＜0.01).结论 ARK5和MMP-2在人脑胶质瘤中呈高表达,且它们的表达与胶质瘤的病理分级相关,可能与人脑胶质瘤的增殖及侵袭有关.     

胶质瘤患者肿瘤组织和血浆中MMP-9的表达及意义

目的探讨胶质瘤患者肿瘤组织和血浆中基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达、两者之间的关系及意义。方法收集40例胶质瘤患者病理标本、患者术前血浆及临床资料,分成高度恶性组和低度恶性组。10例因重度颅脑损伤而行内减压手术切除的脑组织和患者术前血浆,作为对照组。运用免疫组织化学染色法对胶质瘤组织标本中MMP-9表达进行半定量分析。运用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测血浆中总MMP-9浓度。结果 MMP-9在正常脑组织中无表达,高度恶性组瘤组织中MMP-9的表达显著高于低度恶性组(P=0.027)和对照组(P=0.000)。各级别胶质瘤组MMP-9血浆浓度均显著高于对照组(P0.001)。瘤组织MMP-9强阳性表达组血浆MMP-9浓度显著高于阴性组(P=0.022)和弱阳性组(P=0.048),血浆MMP-9浓度与相应肿瘤组织MMP-9的表达水平呈正相关(rs=0.530,P=0.000)。结论瘤组织MMP-9表达与胶质瘤恶性程度呈正相关,其高表达可能与胶质瘤的侵袭转移有关;胶质瘤患者血浆MMP-9浓度一定程度上反映出瘤组织中MMP-9表达水平。     

P16与P53蛋白在脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的:探讨P16与P53蛋白在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及与病理分级的关系。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测52例胶质瘤手术标本及2株人脑胶质瘤细胞系中P16与P53蛋白的表达状况,并分析其与该类肿瘤病理级别的关系。结果:随胶质瘤病理级别的升高P16蛋白的表达率逐渐降低,Ⅰ～Ⅳ级阳性率分别为75.0％、64.7％、42.8％和33.3％,低度恶性组(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)与高度恶性组(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)间有显著差异(P<0.05)。P53蛋白表达率随胶质瘤病理级别的升高有上升趋势。结论:P16及P53基因表达在胶质瘤恶性演变中有重要意义。     

神经突触核蛋白-γ在人脑胶质瘤中的表达

目的 探讨神经突触核蛋白-γ(SNCG)在人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达情况.方法 针对43例人脑胶质瘤组织标本,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法测定SNCG mRNA的转录水平,同时采用免疫组化SP法检测SNCG的蛋白表达.结果 高级别胶质瘤(HGG,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)和低级别胶质瘤(LGG,Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)中的SNCG阳性率分别为89.3％(25/28)和73.3％ (11/15),胶质瘤病理分级越高SNCG的阳性率越高(x2=15.724,P=0.000).SNCG mRNA在HGG和LGG中的转录水平较正常脑组织分别升高(4.46±0.39)倍和(2.56±0.34)倍(P＜0.05),而且HGG中的表达较LGG显著升高(P＜0.05).结论 SNCG的转录和蛋白表达水平在神经胶质瘤中显著增高,检测SNCG表达水平有利于胶质瘤的恶性程度判断.     

XRCC1在胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的分析XRCC1在脑胶质瘤,癌旁组织和正常组织中的表达情况。方法郑州大学第五附属医院神经外科2015-07—2016-03经手术切除的脑胶质瘤标本50例,按病理类型可分级,另取因高血压所导致的脑出血行正常脑组织切除减压患者标本10例为对照组。依次检测不同级别的脑胶质瘤和正常脑组织中XRCC1的表达情况,比较XRCC1在不同级别的脑胶质瘤和正常脑组织中以及在不同年龄及性别中的阳性率和相关性。结果低度恶性组胶质瘤(Ⅰ~Ⅱ级)XRCC1阳性率低于高度恶性组胶质瘤(Ⅲ~Ⅳ级),差异无统计学意义(P0.05);在10例正常脑组织标本中XRCC1表达总阳性率为0%。XRCC1在正常脑组织与胶质瘤组织表达有显著差异(P0.05);50例胶质瘤患者组织标本中XRCC1的表达与患者年龄、性别差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 XRCC1在神经胶质瘤中的表达明显高于正常脑组织;XRCC1阳性率的表达与神经胶质瘤的恶性级别无相关性。     

端粒结合蛋白-1在脑胶质瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨端粒结合蛋白-1(TRF-1)在不同级别脑胶质瘤及正常脑组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法选取58例脑胶质瘤和10例脑外伤内减压脑组织石蜡切片标本作为研究对象,应用免疫组化技术检测各组TRF1的表达水平,应用半定量法计算不同标本肿瘤细胞免疫标记的频率和强度积分。结果共58例不同级别胶质细胞瘤,其中低度恶性组(WHOⅠ、Ⅱ级)27例,高度恶性组(WHOⅢ、Ⅳ级)31例,10例脑外伤病人内减压脑组织作为正常对照。在所有胶质瘤组织及正常脑组织中均检测到TRF1表达,其中正常脑组织中TRF1表达高积分构成比90.00%,低度恶性胶质瘤组(WHOⅠ、Ⅱ级)的TRF1表达高积分构成比62.96%,高度恶性胶质瘤组(WHOⅢ、Ⅳ级)29.03%。统计分析发现,TRF1在不同级别胶质瘤中的表达与其恶性程度成负相关。结论在人脑胶质瘤和正常脑组织均有TRF1的广泛表达,其在不同级别脑胶质瘤中的表达水平与其恶性程度负相关,即随肿瘤的恶性程度的增高出现表达下调,TRF1可作为脑胶质瘤临床病理分级和恶性程度判断的参考指标。     

金属蛋白酶2、血管内皮生长因子和肿瘤抑制因子在人脑胶质瘤中的表达和临床意义

目的:探讨人脑胶质瘤中的金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和肿瘤抑制因子(P16)的表达。方法:应用免疫组化法检测55例胶质瘤组织中的MMP-2、VEGF和P16蛋白的表达,通过原位杂交检测MMP-2 mRNA的表达。结果:胶质瘤的恶性程度与MMP-2、VEGF表达和P16的缺失表达呈正相关,随着胶质瘤的恶性程度的增高而增加。结论:胶质瘤的恶性程度由多种因素决定。胶质瘤中MMP-2含量越高,肿瘤细胞在浸润的过程中突破血脑屏障的能力越强;VEGF的表达增加,肿瘤的血液供应越丰富,恶性程度越高。P16蛋白缺失率高,组织学分化程度低,在一定程度上反映了胶质瘤细胞的恶性生物学行为。     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.     

Learning and forgetting new names and objects in MCI and AD

We studied how subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched controls learned and maintained the names of unfamiliar objects that were trained with or without semantic support (object definitions). Naming performance, phonological cueing, incidental learning of the definitions and recognition of the objects were tested during follow-up. We found that word learning was significantly impaired in MCI and AD patients, whereas forgetting patterns were similar across groups. Semantic support showed a beneficial effect on object name retrieval in the MCI group 8 weeks after training, suggesting that the MCI patients’ preserved semantic memory can compensate for impaired episodic memory. The MCI group performed equally well as the controls in the tasks measuring incidental learning and recognition memory, whereas the AD group showed impairment in this respect. Both the MCI and the AD group benefited less from phonological cueing than the controls. Our findings indicate that word learning is compromised in both MCI and AD, whereas long-term retention of newly learned words is not affected to the same extent. Incidental learning and recognition memory seem to be well preserved in MCI.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统 ,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达 ,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关。近年的研究表明 ,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白 ,能与多种因子如SV4 0大T抗原 ,腺病毒E1A ,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p5 3等结合 ,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb。necdin基因缺陷时 ,会引起脑内 ,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍。人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区 ,可能与PWS的一些症状有关。本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况 ,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述     

Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men

The overall aim of this study was to assess the effects of aging on the satellite cell population. Muscle biopsies were taken from the tibialis anterior muscle of healthy, moderately active young (age range, 20-32 years; n = 31) and elderly (age range, 70-83 years; n = 27) women and men with comparable physical activity pattern. Satellite cells and myonuclei were visualized using a monoclonal antibody against neural cell adhesion molecule and counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. An average of 211 (range, 192-241) muscle fibers were examined for each individual. Compared with the young women and men, the elderly subjects had a significantly lower (P < 0.011) number of satellite cells per muscle fiber but a significantly higher (P < 0.004) number of myonuclei per muscle fiber. The number of satellite cells relative to the total number of nuclei [satellite cells/(myonuclei + satellite cells)] was significantly lower in the elderly than in the young women and men. These results imply that a reduction in the satellite cell population occurs as a result of increasing age in healthy men and women.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关.近年的研究表明,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白,能与多种因子如SV40大T抗原,腺病毒E1A,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p53等结合,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb.necdin基因缺陷时,会引起脑内,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍.人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区,可能与PWS的一些症状有关.本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述.     

Retrospective and prospective design and data

The study of the presentation, symptomatology and family characteristics of an exclusively adolescent sample of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) was undertaken. Twenty-four cases of borderline personality disorder, 20 females, 4 males, identified using chart review and meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) and DSM III-R, were matched with psychiatric controls. Adolescents with borderline personality disorder were found to have high rates of affective symptomatology with Axis I diagnosis of major depressive disorder - MDD (DSM-III-R), and high rates of interpersonal psychopathology, i.e., manipulation, devaluation, and a pervasive sense of boredom. The latter seem to be characteristic as for adults with borderline personality disorder. The families were particularly angry and volatile.     

Cortisol levels and depression in men and women using heroin and cocaine

Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are well documented in men using illicit drugs and/or infected with HIV; however, less is known about HPA function, or the health consequence of HPA dysfunction, in their female counterparts. People with depression exhibit hypercortisolemia, and depression is common in people with HIV or substance use problems. The current study investigated cortisol secretion in 209 demographically matched men and women, stratified by their HIV and drug use status. Self-reported depressive symptoms were evaluated using a standardized, validated questionnaire (CES-D). Women reported more depressive symptoms than men (p=.01). Male and female drug users exhibited higher cortisol concentrations (p=.03), and were more likely to report depressive symptoms (p=.04), than non-users. Depression was related to elevated cortisol concentrations for the study population (p=.03), and women with elevated cortisol concentrations were significantly more depressed than all other participants (p=.05). While it is unknown whether high cortisol concentrations precede depressive symptoms or vice versa, these data indicate that higher cortisol concentrations are associated with depressive symptoms in heroin and cocaine users, and that this association is more pronounced in women than men. HIV status did not act in an additive or synergistic way with drug use for either cortisol or CES-D measures in the current study. Unique therapies to treat the endocrine and mental health consequences of illicit drug use in men and women deserve consideration as depressive symptoms, and high cortisol concentrations associated with depressive symptoms, differ by gender.     

相关性和一致性：这对相仿概念和测量方法的回顾与阐明

概述：一致性(agreement)和相关性(correlation)是两个广泛使用的概念,用来评估变量之间的关联。虽然二者相似且相关,但是它们代表关联完全不同的概念。评估变量之间的一致性假设变量测量的是相同的结构,而在变量测量完全不同的结构时也可以评估它们之间的相关性。这种概念上的差异就要求使用不同的统计方法,并且当评估一致性或相关性时,统计方法根据数据的分布和研究者的兴趣可能会有所不同。例如, Pearson相关性,作为评估连续变量之间相关性的一种普遍测量方法,只有用于符合线性关系的变量时才能提供有用的信息;当用于不符合线性关系的变量时就无法提供准确信息甚至会产生误导。同样地,内部相关性,作为一种评估连续变量之间一致性的常用方法,如果一致性不好的实质正好是研究兴趣所在,那么该测量就不能为研究者提供充分的信息。本报告回顾了一致性和相关性的概念,并讨论了几种常用方法在应用中的差异。