眼眶巨大骨瘤1例报告

患者女,20岁。右眼逐渐突出8月余入院。检查:右眼视力1.2(J_1/30cm),右眼球向前外侧突出,突出度右21mm,左15mm,眶距102mm。在内眦部眶内可触及一质硬肿块,约1.5cm×1cm,边界清,不活动,无压痛,眼球活动良好,眼底视盘边界不清,未见隆起,网膜未见异常。眼眶X线摄片示右眼眶内侧壁、筛窦壁可见类圆形密度增高影,不均匀,直径约3cm,额窦下壁受压呈切迹状改变。诊断为右眼眶内侧壁、筛窦壁骨化性纤维骨瘤(首     

左侧上颌窦毛霉菌病1例CT报告

患者，女性，56岁，因左面、前额部胀痛伴脓涕5年就诊。以左上颌窦占位?于1990年10月收住我院。查体：左上颌窦压痛，余无异常。实验室检查及胸透未见异常。副鼻窦拍片示：左侧上颌窦外侧壁、下壁粘膜增厚，骨质未见异常。CT检查：见左侧上颌窦粘膜明显普遍增厚，窦腔缩小，内壁边缘不规则，密度尚均，CT值42HU，增强后左侧上颌窦粘膜增厚部分有轻度强化，CT值53H0～64HL，左侧上颌窦内侧骨壁部分残踺，筛窦及眼眶未见异常(图)。     

额窦、筛窦骨化纤维瘤伴动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例

<正>患者,男,21岁。因左眼突出6个月于2009年11月4日就诊。患者无复视,眼球活动无明显受限,无视力下降。检查发现:左眼较右眼突出约2mm,双眼视力均为1.0,左眼球上转轻度受限,鼻中隔向左侧偏曲,左侧中鼻道可见小肉芽组织增生,余未见异常。于外院行鼻窦CT检查:左侧额窦内见软组织密度影,密度不均,眶壁受压变薄,额窦内侧缘可见骨质增生密度影,眼眶内侧壁向眶内突入,左侧眼眶变形。考虑:左侧额窦     

引起单眼突出的鼻窦眼眶区黏液囊肿治疗方案的探讨

目的 探讨引起单眼突出的鼻眼相关囊肿的优化治疗方案.方法 回顾性分析2006~2012年间武汉市第一医院收治的伴有单眼突出的鼻窦眼眶区黏液囊肿患者17例,从治疗手段的选择和结果 评估分析讨论该症的治疗.结果 17例患者多以眼球突出伴相关症状如复视、眼球运动障碍、视力下降等首诊眼科,CT或(和)MRI检查提示鼻窦囊肿转耳鼻咽喉科治疗.CT及MRI评估显示囊肿单纯累及额窦和筛窦各1例;额窦、筛窦同时累及11例;累及额窦、筛窦及眶(眶内为独立囊肿)2例;累及额窦、筛窦及蝶窦2例,其中1例出现双侧额叶受压明显.无眶内独立囊肿患者均实施鼻内窥镜手术,选择性切除窦腔内部分囊壁,而对伴有眶内独立囊肿患者采用鼻外、鼻内联合进路手术.术后患者眼部突出及伴发症状如:复视、眼球运动障碍、视力下降等明显好转.额叶受压1例复发,采用联合进路治愈.结论 鼻内镜手术是治疗引起单眼突出的鼻窦囊肿的有效手段,而联合进路是伴有眶内独立囊肿及多发巨大囊肿的理想术式.     

额窦巨大脓囊肿1例

患者女 ,6 2岁 ,因左前额部无规律性头痛半年来诊。检查见患者一般情况可 ;左前额部略高于右侧 ,左侧内眦部及眉弓处压痛明显 ,皮肤无红肿 ,左上眼睑轻度肿胀 ,左眼球略低于右眼球平面 ,眼活动无受限 ,视力正常。外鼻无畸形 ,鼻腔通畅 ,鼻腔内各部分结构正常 ,无新生物。耳、咽、喉部查无异常。鼻窦冠状位ＣＴ示左侧额窦巨大并充满低密度影 ,颅底及左眼球受推压 ,考虑左侧额窦良性占位性病变 ,黏液囊肿。在局麻及强化麻醉下行鼻外进路额窦囊肿切除术。于眉弓内侧切口 ,显露左侧额窦外板及窦底 ,咬除匪薄的眶内上角骨质及少部分窦底骨质 ,见…     

筛窦炎继发眼睑反应性炎性水肿1例

1　病例报告患者男性,11 岁,因左眼睑水肿、疼痛,伴发热(37 5~38 5℃)而就诊。查体:除右眼视力 1 0 外,余眼科检查正常;左眼睑高度水肿、充血,眼球无突出,各方向运动功能正常,眼球向鼻侧转动时有轻度疼痛,按压眼球有轻度抵抗感,眼球无搏动,改变体位时眼球突出程度无变化,触诊周围软组织无异常新生物发现,球结膜充血,以鼻侧为重,角膜、前房、虹膜未见异常,瞳孔圆,大小正常,直接及间接对光反射均灵敏,屈光间质清晰,眼底视盘边界清晰,无水肿,黄斑中心光反射锐利,眼压 15 88 mm Hg。CT检查:左侧筛窦炎症,眼眶内无异常发现。血常规:白细胞总数 …     

鼻腔鼻窦恶性血管外皮瘤影像诊断1例

病例资料患者,女,15岁,因鼻塞、左眼流泪一周,发现左侧面颈部包块入院。临床检查：左侧鼻道内大量息肉样组织。影像学检查：CT示两侧蝶窦、筛窦及左侧额窦、上颌窦、鼻腔内见软组织密度影充填,CT值约为31HU左右,并凸入左侧眼眶内,     

眼眶Rosai-Dorfman病2例

Rosai-Dorfman病是一种罕见疾病,主要发生于淋巴结内,又称窦组织细胞增生症伴巨淋巴结病（sinus histiocytosiswith massive Lymphadenopathy,SHML）。单独发生在眼眶较为少见。笔者医院于2007年2月-2008年6月收治病例2例,现报道如下：1病例简介例1,女性,14岁。以＂左眼球突出4月＂为主诉入院。查体：全身浅表淋巴结未触及,肝脏、脾脏无肿大,胸正侧片及腹部B超未见异常。眼部检查：双眼矫正视力均为1.2,眼压正常,左眼睑略肿胀,     

猪葡萄球菌引起新生儿眶内脓肿继发骨髓炎1例

<正>患儿,男,23 d,以"发热10 d,右眼球突出7 d"代诉入院。患儿生后13 d出现不明原因发热、鼻塞等症状,当地医院给予"喜炎平、水溶性维生素"等治疗(具体不详),2 d后体温正常。1 d后出现右眼睑红肿,眼球突出,渐加重。外院眼部B型超声超示:右眶内低回声肿物,考虑为炎性反应包块。于我院查WBC 27.8×10~9/L。眼眶CT示:右侧眼睑肿胀,眼眶临近右侧壁可见形态不规则、密度不均匀的软组织包块,其边缘模糊、累及内直肌。右侧筛窦外侧壁骨质结构模糊,可见软组织密度影延伸入右侧鼻前庭,右侧鼻道堵塞。右眼球、肌椎内侧壁受压,眼球向外前方突出。右侧眼眶蜂窝织炎,右筛窦外板骨膜下脓     

儿童眼眶淋巴肉瘤误诊一例

1 临床资料 患者,女,11岁,1988年10月发现右眼球突出,不伴眼红及视力下降,于1989年2月到某医院就诊,诊断为“右眼眶内炎性假瘤”。经强的松和青霉素等治疗后,眼球突出明显减轻,2月后右眼突出再次发作,且进展迅速,视力下降到0.2。CT检查:右眼球后占位性病变。1989年9月入我院。体格检查除眼部外未见异常。眼部检查:右眼视力0.1,右眼球向正前方突出,较左侧高出10mm。眼球仅能轻度向内、外转动,向上、下活动完全受限,上睑高度水肿,睑裂不能完全闭合,球结膜高度水肿,脱出睑裂,角膜上皮大片脱落,眼底检查可见脉络膜皱折。MRI检查提示眼眶内20mm×17mm     

Evaluation of diuretic and laxative activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata （L,） Stapf in rats

OBJECTIVE： In continuation to the growing evidence for therapeutical potential of Desmostachya bipinnata （Linn） Stapf, the current pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate the diuretic and laxative activity of its hydro-alcoholic extract in rats. METHODS： The hydro-alcoholic extract of D. bipinnata whole plant was prepared by using Sox- hlet extractor and subjected to analysis by standard preliminary phytochemical tests. Evaluation of both diuretic and laxative activity was carried out using standard methods as reported earlier. Frusemide （20 mg/kg） was served as positive control for diuretic activity and sennosides （10 mg/kg） served as negative control for laxative activity. RESULTS： The hydro-alcoholic extract showed significant diuretic activity and was found to be the most potent in increasing the urinary output at 500 mg/kg when the effect was compared with that of the standard frusemide （P〈0.01）. Moreover, this extract was found to be most effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration （Na＋, K＋, and Cl-） at both doses tested. Whereas the results for laxative activity showed minimal increase of feces output at the dose of 500 mg/kg and the increase was negligible when compared with that of the standard drug sennosides. CONCLUSION： Altogether, the above significant findings validate and support its folkloric diuretic use and lend pharmacological credence to the ethno-medical use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, which demands further studies to investigate its active constituents, as well as its use and safety.     

New Mechanism of Herb-herb Interaction between Ginseng and Trogopterus Based on CYPs in Rat Livers

The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus （Trg） based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes （CYPs） in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.     

Liuwei Dihuang,a traditional Chinese herbal formula,suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

Effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine treatment on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors after renal transplantation: a meta-analysis

Background The therapeutic success of renal transplantation has been largely attributable to the development of effective and balanced immunosuppressive treatment regimens.This study provides a meta-analysis of a series of randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on metabolic syndrome （MetS） and cardiovascular risk factors after renal transplantation.Methods We searched various electronic databases and bibliographies,including MEDLINE,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and EMBASE,for relevant studies published prior to October 2012.Results Our meta-analysis included five randomized controlled trials that examined a total of 923 patients.The tacrolimus group and the cyclosporine group exhibited no significant differences in MetS incidence after renal transplantation; risk ratio （RR）：1.06,95％ confidence interval （C/）：0.73-1.55,P=0.76.Cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia （RR：0.50,95％ CI：0.39-0.64,P ＜0.01）.Although there were no statistically significant differences,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hypertension （RR：0.91,95％ CI：0.83-1.00,P=0.06） after renal transplantation compared to tacrolimus treatment,and tacrolimus treatment was associated with a higher incidence of diabetes after renal transplantation （RR：1.79,95％ CI：0.98-3.27,P=0.06） compared to cyclosporine treatment.Conclusions Compared to tacrolimus treatment,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia.Future large-scale studies are expected to be conducted to further confirm our findings.     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：精、神、气、血、津、液部分

精、神、气、血、津、液是中医理论中6个非常重要的概念，有关术语在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中一共收录了59条，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了58条。血、津、液的内涵较为具体，有一定的物质基础，理解并不困难。翻译上虽有差异，但亦不难统一。精、神、     

UniPron is A Fully Effective Non-hormonal Reversible Contraceptive in Baboon Model （Papio Anubis）

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of UniPron as a reversible contraceptive.
Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.
Results All the five females （100%） that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.
Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model （Papio anubis）.     

Effect of Shenfu on the Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax of Intestinal Mucosal Epithelial Cells after Ischemic Reperfusion in Rats

Objective To study the effect of Shenfu on the expression of bax and bcl-2 in small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells after ischemic reperfusion injury and explore the effect of Shenfu on small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells apoptosis. Methods 36 SD rats were randomized into three groups, each consisting of 12 rats： Sham group （S group）, Ischemic reperfusion group （IR group）, Shenfu group （SF group）, Ischemic reperfusion models were made by ligated the superior menseneric artery for 1 hour followed by 2 hrs reperfusion. Histological mucosal damage in each group was graded according to Chiu＇s score. Immunohistochemistry detected the expression of bax and bcl-2, and obtained the optical density （OD） value using a color image pattern analysis system, and then calculated the ratio of bcl-2/bax. TUNEL method measured apoptotic intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, and calculated the apoptotic index. Results There were edema and epithelial impairment in part of villus and the integral was higher in SF group than S group （P〈0.05）, but lower than IR group （P〈0.01）. Compared IR group with S group and SF group, the average OD value of bcl-2 and bax had significant statistic difference （P〈0.01）, and the average OD value of bcl-2 in SF group was higher than in S group （P〈0.05）, meanwhile bcl-2/bax was significantly lower in IR group than in S group and SF group （P〈0.01）, but that was higher in SF group than in S group （P〈0.05）. Apoptotic index in IR group was significantly higher than that in other two groups （P〈0.01）, and that in SF group was higher than in S group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Shenfu can enhance the expression of bcl-2, decrease the expression of bax, meanwhile increase the ratio of bcl-2/bax, inhibit small intestinal mucosal epithetlial cells apoptosis, and protect small intestine mucosal epithetlial after ischemic reperfusion.     

医院感染监测与控制

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Effect of the disruption of three cytoskeleton components on chondrocyte metabolism in rabbit knee cartilage

Background Chondrocytes＇ phenotype and biosynthesis of matrix are dependent on having an intact cytoskeletal structure.Microfilaments,microtubules,and intermediate filaments are three important components of the cytoskeletal structure of chondrocytes.The aims of this study were to determine and compare the effects of the disruption of these three cytoskeletal elements on the apoptosis and matrix synthesis by rabbit knee chondrocytes in vitro.Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from full-thickness knee cartilage of two-month-old rabbits using enzymatic methods （n=24）.The isolated cells were stabilized for three days and then exposed to low,medium,and high doses of chemical agents that disrupt the three principal cytoskeletal elements of interest：colchicine for microtubules,acrylamide for intermediate filaments,and cytochalasin D for actin microfilaments.A group of control cells were treated with carrier.Early apoptosis was assessed using the Annexin-FITC binding assay by flow cytometry on days 1 and 2 after exposure to the disrupting chemical agents.The components and distribution of the cytoskeleton within the cells were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy （LSCM） with immunofluorescence staining on day 3.The mRNA levels of aggrecan （AGG） and type Ⅱ collagen （Col-2） and their levels in culture medium were analyzed using real-time PCR and enzymelinked immunosorbent serologic assay （ELISA） on days 3,6,and 9.Results In the initial drug-dose-response study,there was no significant difference in the vitality of cells treated with 0.1 μmol/L colchicine,2.5 mmol/L acrylamide,and 10 μg/L cytochalasin D for two days when compared with the control group of cells.The concentrations of colchicine and acrylamide treatment selected above significantly decreased the number of viable cells over the nine-day culture and disrupted significantly more cell nuclei.Real-time PCR and ELISA results showed that the mRNA levels and medium concentrations of AGG and Col-2 were significantly decreased for