TMZ对胶质瘤U251细胞及其干细胞TNF-α影响的体内研究

目的利用胶质瘤细胞及其干细胞制作裸鼠脑内种植瘤模型,动物水平研究替莫唑胺对胶质瘤细胞及其干细胞裸鼠脑内种植瘤肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)表达的影响。方法免疫磁珠法分选CDl33+干细胞,脑立体定向制作裸鼠脑内种植瘤模型,不同浓度替莫唑胺干预,观察裸鼠生长行为学变化、肿瘤的病理学特征,荧光实时定量逆转录酶-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测TNF-α表达。结果肿瘤组织的病理学观察发现干细胞较U251细胞具有更高的侵袭性。RT-PCR检测发现,干细胞中TNF-αmRNA表达量显著高于U251细胞(P0.01)。替莫唑胺(TMZ)对U251细胞及其干细胞TNF-αmRNA的表达产生抑制作用。60μmol/L TMZ干预时,干细胞TNF-αmRNA表达量显著低于U251细胞(P0.01)。结论胶质瘤干细胞较U251细胞具有更强的化疗耐药性,这可能是胶质瘤化疗耐药的机制。     

替莫唑胺改变人胶质瘤细胞系U251耐药机制的体外研究

目的 建立替莫唑胺耐药人胶质瘤细胞系,探讨其耐药性变化规律及耐药机制,以期为临床优化药物化疗方案提供理论依据.方法 采用分步诱导法使人胶质瘤细胞系U251对替莫唑胺耐药,磺酰罗丹明B比色法检测细胞耐药指数和存活率;Western blotting法检测O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶(MGMT)表达水平,以及倍增替莫唑胺终浓度后MGMT表达水平.结果 成功建立替莫唑胺耐药U251/TR细胞,在替莫唑胺初始诱导剂量0.25μg/ml、终浓度16.00μg/ml培养液中,U251/TR细胞半数抑制浓度为(220.87±2.34)μmol/L,约为U251细胞[(33.12±1.52)μmol/L]的7倍(t=-116.542,P=0.000),其耐药指数约为7;U251/TR细胞MGMT表达水平为(1.47±0.30),较U251细胞(0.19±0.03)明显升高(t=-20.230,P=0.000).与溶媒对照组比较,经倍增替莫唑胺终浓度诱导的U251/TR细胞仍呈现增殖抑制现象,以体外培养第3天时最为明显(P=0.000);MGMT表达水平相应降低(均P=0.000),呈现自身克服耐药现象.结论 采用分步诱导法可于体外成功建立替莫唑胺耐药人胶质瘤细胞系.MGMT表达水平升高是导致U251/TR细胞对替莫唑胺耐药的主要机制,替莫唑胺可以通过自身消耗MGMT而改变U251/TR细胞的耐药特性,发挥抗耐药作用.     

恶性胶质瘤耐药细胞通过Beclin1上调自噬抵抗替莫唑胺化疗

目的 分析Beclin 1与临床胶质瘤病理等级和胶质瘤复发间的关系,探讨其在胶质瘤耐药中的作用和机制. 方法 收集南方医科大学珠江医院和南方医院神经外科自2012年4月至2013年4月手术切除的胶质瘤标本53例(WHO分级Ⅰ级7例,复发2例;Ⅱ级9例,复发4例;Ⅲ级11例,复发6例;Ⅳ级9例,复发5例),免疫组化和Western blotting检测胶质瘤标本中Beclin1的表达;体外培养胶质瘤耐药细胞系U251AR和非耐药U251细胞,Western blotting检测细胞中Beclin 1和耐药蛋白P-gP的表达;Western blotting检测双链小分子Beclin 1干扰RNA(siBeclin l)转染U251AR细胞48h后Beclin 1蛋白的表达;CCK8法检测不同浓度替莫唑胺(TMZ)作用U251、U251AR和U251AR-siBeclin 1后细胞活性;Western blotting检测200μmol/L TMZ作用U251、U251AR和U251AR-siBeclin 1 48 h后Capase-3的表达;吖啶橙染色和Western blotting分别检测干扰Beclin 1表达和HCQ对U251AR细胞自噬小体数量和Capase-3表达的影响. 结果 免疫组化染色结果显示Ⅲ、Ⅳ级胶质瘤中Beclin 1阳性细胞数明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ级胶质瘤.Western blotting结果显示Ⅳ级、Ⅱ和Ⅲ级、Ⅰ级中Beclin 1的表达依次降低,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级复发肿瘤Beclin 1的表达量明显高于原发肿瘤,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05); U251AR中Beclin 1和耐药蛋白P-gP的表达量均高于U251细胞.与干扰对照组和空白对照组比较,转染siBeclin 1 48 h后干扰组Beclin 1蛋白的水平明显下降;在含TMZ(50,100,500和1000 μmol/L)培养基中培养24 h后,U251AR细胞存活率明显高于U251和si-Bec1-U251AR细胞,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).200 μmol/L TMZ作用48 h后,U251细胞凋亡蛋白Caspase-3的表达量明显高于U251AR和si-Bec l-U251AR细胞.吖啶橙染色显示在TMZ培养U251AR 48 h后,HCQ和Beclin 1干扰都导致自噬小体形成明显减少,Caspase-3的表达增高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 Beclin 1与胶质瘤恶性程度、复发和耐药相关,可能用于胶质瘤恶性诊断和预后评估.Beclin 1在胶质瘤中的耐药功能可能是通过自噬实现的,联合运用TMZ和自噬抑制剂或Beclin 1干扰剂有助于胶质瘤的治疗.     

胶质瘤干细胞的结肠癌转移相关基因1表达与替莫唑胺耐药的相关性

目的探讨结肠癌转移相关基因1(MACC1)表达与胶质瘤干细胞对替莫唑胺(TMZ)耐药的相关性。方法采用实时定量荧光PCR和Western blot方法测定U87胶质瘤细胞来源的干细胞(GSCsU87)、U251胶质瘤细胞来源的干细胞(GSCs-U251)及U87和U251细胞的MACC1 mRNA、蛋白表达水平。通过实时定量荧光PCR和Western blot检测RNA干扰对MACC1的沉默效应。用流式细胞术和CCK-8方法测定MACC1沉默对TMZ诱导的细胞毒性和细胞凋亡的影响。结果胶质瘤干细胞GSCs-U87和GSCsU251中MACC1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著增高(均P 0.05)。shRNA-MACC1可以显着抑制MACC1表达(均P 0.05)。用不同浓度的TMZ处理后,与对照组GSCs-U87和GSCs-U251相比,TMZ对MACC1沉默的GSCs-U87和GSCs-U251细胞毒性显著增加,且MACC1沉默的胶质瘤干细胞的凋亡数增高。结论 MACC1基因的沉默可增强TMZ对胶质瘤细胞的凋亡和生长抑制作用,从而增加其对TMZ化疗的敏感性。     

脑胶质瘤Wip1基因与DNA损伤修复关系的研究

目的研究U251胶质瘤细胞Wip1基因沉默对DNA核苷酸切除修复酶XPA、XPC的影响。方法体外培养人胶质瘤细胞U251,Wip1(-)组采用携带Wip1基因RNA干扰载体的慢病毒沉默Wip1基因,经实时定量PCR验证。对照组(NC组)采用阴性对照病毒感染。使用替莫唑胺(temozolomide,TMZ)进行干预,将细胞分为NC组、NC+TMZ组、Wip1(-)组和Wip1(-)+TMZ组。CCK-8法检测各组细胞的增殖,实时定量PCR检测细胞XPA、XPC m RNA表达,免疫印迹检测细胞XPA、XPC蛋白表达。结果 TMZ干预后48 h、72 h、96 h、120 h、144 h,Wip1(-)+TMZ组细胞增殖率低于其他3组(P0.05)。TMZ干预48 h后,NC+TMZ组细胞XPA和XPC m RNA表达远远高于NC组(P0.05),同时XPA和XPC蛋白表达远远高于NC组(P0.05)。TMZ干预48 h后,Wip1(-)+TMZ组细胞XPC m RNA和XPA蛋白表达水平明显高于Wip1(-)组(P0.05)。结论 Wip1基因与U251脑胶质瘤细胞DNA损伤修复有关,可通过调节下游产物XPA与XPC参与细胞核苷酸切除修复过程。     

胶质瘤多药耐药细胞株U251/TMZ的生物学特性

目的探讨胶质瘤U251／替莫唑胺（TMZ）多药耐药细胞株的生物学特性。方法采用TMZ间歇浓度梯度递增法诱导建立胶质瘤多药耐药细胞株U251／TMZ,光镜观察细胞形态,细胞计数计算倍增时间,四甲基偶氮唑蓝法检测耐药指数,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期,逆转录-PCR法检测多药耐药性1（MDRl）、Bcl-2、多药耐药相关蛋白5（MRP5）、肺耐药相关蛋白1（LRPl）等mRNA表达。结果胶质瘤耐药细胞株U251／TMZ对TMZ、依托泊苷、硫酸长春新碱、环磷酰胺、阿霉素的耐药指数分别为4．39、3．61、2．64、2．00、1．63;细胞周期结果显示U251／TMZ细胞系较U251亲本细胞系G0/G1期和s期明显减少（P〈0．05）,GfM期明显增多（P〈0．05）;U251／TMZ倍增时间[（14．64＋1．98）h1较亲本细胞系u251[（10．26＋1．03）h1明显延长（P〈0．05）;U251／TMZ耐药细胞株MDRl、Bcl-2、MRP5、LRPl等mRNA表达均较亲本细胞系U251明显上调。结论间歇TMZ浓度递增法可成功建立人脑胶质瘤U251多药耐药系,MDRl、Bcl-2、MRP5、LRPl的表达明显上调可能与耐药性形成有关。     

替莫唑胺对人胶质瘤细胞系U251细胞miR125b的影响

目的探讨替莫唑胺(TMZ)对人胶质瘤细胞系U251细胞的miRNA125b的表达影响。方法将人胶质瘤细胞系U251细胞分成空白对照组、TMZ组,TMZ组设10、25、50、100、200、400、600μmol/L组。各组分别作用于24、48、72 h后进行实时定量PCR(Real-time PCR)检测miRNA-125b的表达水平;用MTT比色法检测细胞活力;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡率。结果荧光定量PCR检测结果显示:替莫唑胺作用24 h后,miRNA125b表达变化不明显;48 h后对miR-125b表现出抑制作用,miR-125b对U251细胞的抑制率呈良好的时间-剂量效应关系,其Ic50为76μmol,初始抑制浓度为50μmol;流式细胞仪检测显示,U251细胞经TMZ作用后出现G2/M期阻滞,但促凋亡作用并不显著。结论在TMZ对胶质瘤细胞治疗过程中,hsa-miR-125b的表达随着治疗剂量而被抑制,miR-125b可以作为TMZ在用药过程中效果的检测以及抗药性反应的参考依据。     

C1QBP调节线粒体功能介导胶质母细胞瘤对替莫唑胺耐受作用研究

目的 探讨C1QBP通过调节线粒体功能介导胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)对替莫唑胺(TMZ)的耐受作用。方法 采用MTT法检测GBM细胞系U251及耐受TMZ细胞系U251(U251/TMZ)半抑制指数,采用免疫荧光实验、Western Blot检测U251及U251/TMZ中C1QBP的表达水平,C1QBP过表达转染构建U251/TMZ+OE-C1QBP组,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测各组C1QBP的mRNA表达水平,MTT法检测U251/TMZ+OE-C1QBP组半抑制指数,流式检测仪检测各组细胞凋亡水平,荧光显微镜下观察线粒体膜电位变化情况。结果 相比较U251细胞系,U251/TMZ细胞系的半抑制指数以及C1QBP的蛋白表达水平要更高,而转染后的U251/TMZ+OE-C1QBP细胞系的半抑制指数最高,U251、U251/TMZ、U251/TMZ+OE-C1QBP三组细胞系中C1QBP的mRNA表达水平依次增高,细胞凋亡水平依次降低,同时线粒体膜电位表达越来越强。结论 C1QBP的表达水平与GBM对TMZ的耐药性有关,随着C1QBP表达水平的增高,线粒体膜电位即功能增强,同...     

KU-55933抑制替莫唑胺诱导的U87胶质瘤细胞自噬

目的研究KU-55933对替莫唑胺(TMZ)诱导的U87细胞自噬及TMZ毒性的影响及机制。方法 U87细胞分别给予5、10、15、20μmol/L KU-55933作用72 h,或10μmol/L KU-55933作用24、48、72、96 h,MTT法检测细胞增殖。U87细胞分别给予DMSO、100μmol/L TMZ、10μmol/L KU-55933、100μmol/L TMZ+10μmol/L KU-55933作用72 h,流式细胞术检测自噬小体,Western blot检测相关蛋白的表达。结果 KU-55933抑制U87细胞的增殖,并呈剂量及时间依赖性;KU-55933抑制TMZ诱导的共济失调突变蛋白(ataxia-telangiectasia mutated,ATM)、自噬激活激酶(unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase1,ULK1)、P53蛋白磷酸化,降低微管相关蛋白(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta,LC3B)裂解,减少自噬小体的生成,增加TMZ敏感细胞组蛋白亚型γH2AX的形成,但对细胞周期检测点激酶1(checkpoint kinase 1,Chk1)、细胞周期检测点激酶2(checkpoint kinase 2,Chk2)蛋白磷酸化无影响。结论 KU-55933可抑制TMZ诱导的胶质瘤细胞自噬,并且增强TMZ对敏感胶质瘤的细胞毒性。     

柯里拉京对神经胶质瘤U251细胞及其干细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨柯里拉京对神经胶质瘤U251细胞及其干细胞增殖影响。方法使用免疫磁珠法从胶质瘤U251细胞系中分离、培养U251干细胞,不同浓度(0、25、50、100μg/ml)柯里拉京对U251细胞及其干细胞干预不同时间(24 h、48 h、72 h),观察其形态学变化。CCK-8法检测柯里拉京干预前后细胞增殖变化,实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术测定柯里拉京干预前后Livin、Caspase-3及Caspase-7 m RNA表达的变化规律。结果 U251细胞及其干细胞存活率随培养液中柯里拉京浓度升高和干预时间延长而降低(P0.05);同等条件下U251干细胞存活率低于U251细胞(P0.05)。柯里拉京抑制了Livin基因表达并能诱导Caspase-3、Caspase-7基因表达,且对U251干细胞基因抑制(或诱导)作用强于U251细胞(P0.05)。结论柯里拉京能抑制胶质瘤细胞及其干细胞增殖,降低Livin基因表达并诱导Caspase-3、Caspase-7基因表达,启动凋亡信号通路,且对胶质瘤干细胞增殖抑制程度及基因抑制(或诱导)作用强于胶质瘤细胞,但其具体抗肿瘤机制还未明确,还需深入研究。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

他汀类药物的使用和颅内动脉瘤破裂相关性分析

目的 探讨他汀类药物对颅内动脉瘤破裂的影响。方法 2010年3月至2014年3月收治颅内囊状动脉瘤67例,其中破裂者32例,未破裂者35例。采用多变量Logistic回归评估他汀类药物的使用和颅内动脉瘤破裂的关系。结果 破裂组术前使用他汀类药物4例（12.5%,4/32）,未破裂组16例（45.7%,16/35）。破裂组服用他汀类药物的百分比显著低于未破裂组（P<0.01）。纠正潜在的混杂干扰后（or值: 0.30,95%可信空间:0.12~="" 0.64）显示,颅内动脉瘤破裂与他汀类药物的使用呈显著负相关,也与高血清总胆固醇浓度有关。结论 本结果提示他汀类药物对颅内动脉瘤破裂有一定的预防效果。