The relationship of coping strategies, social support, and attachment style with posttraumatic growth in cancer survivors

This cross-sectional study investigated attachment style, coping strategies, social support, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in 54 cancer survivors. Secure attachment was significantly associated with active coping, positive reframing, and religion, and these were all associated with PTG. Insecure types of attachment and social support variables were unrelated to PTG. Regression analysis suggests that positive reframing and religion as coping strategies may mediate the relationship between secure attachment and PTG.     

Attachment style and coping in relation to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among adults living with HIV/AIDS

Research indicates that a significant proportion of people living with HIV/AIDS report symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Moreover, attachment style has been associated with psychological and behavioral outcomes among persons living with HIV/AIDS. Attachment style may influence the ability to cope with traumatic stress and affect PTSD symptoms. To examine the association between attachment style and coping with PTSD symptoms, we assessed 94 HIV-positive adults on self-report measures of posttraumatic stress, coping, and attachment style. In multiple regression analysis, avoidant attachment and emotion-focused coping were positively and significantly associated with greater PTSD symptomatology. Support was also found for the moderating effects of avoidant and insecure attachment styles on emotion-focused coping in relation to greater PTSD symptoms. Taken altogether, these results suggest that interventions that develop adaptive coping skills and focus on the underlying construct of attachment may be particularly effective in reducing trauma-related symptoms in adults living with HIV/AIDS.     

Distress and post‐traumatic stress disorders in high risk professionals: adult attachment style and the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance

This study examines the relationship between adult attachment and psychological distress in a population of 544 people working for a security company and for the Belgian Red Cross. The results indicate that fearful–avoidant and preoccupied attached individuals report more stress than secure attached and insecure attached individuals of the dismissive type. Next, the same attachment styles appear to differentiate between individuals who do and individuals who do not develop a post‐traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) after being confronted with a critical incident. Breaking the attachment styles into the two underlying dimensions of attachment anxiety and avoidance, our results suggest that anxiety is more of an issue than avoidance in psychological distress and the occurrence of PTSD. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

父母的成人依恋、应对方式与教养方式的关系

目的探讨父母的成人依恋、应对方式与教养方式的关系。方法采用关系问卷、亲密关系经历量表、应对方式量表和教养方式问卷测查某企业233名已为人父母的员工。结果1不同依恋类型的父母在教养方式的过分干涉[F(3,224)=5.09,P0.01]、拒绝和否认[F(3,224)=5.47,P0.01]、惩罚和严厉[F(3,224)=4.54,P0.01]、偏爱孩子[F(3,224)=4.78,P0.01]维度上差异显著,且安全型父母的得分低于不安全型父母;2经回归分析发现,成人依恋和应对方式对教养方式的5个维度有不同的预测作用。结论父母的成人依恋、应付方式对教养方式有一定的影响。     

有无宗教信仰的慢性疼痛患者疼痛、依恋和应对方式差异

目的探讨有无宗教信仰的慢性疼痛患者疼痛、依恋和应对方式的差异。方法 2012年9月-2013年1月住院的110例患者中,有22例信仰宗教,根据性别、年龄、受教育程度均衡的原则,按1:4的比例匹配不信仰宗教组88例。采用简化McGill疼痛问卷、亲密关系体验问卷和应对方式量表进行测量。结果独立样本t检验显示两组疼痛总分,疼痛感觉项,依恋回避,应对方式的祈祷维度有统计学差异(t=2.280,P=0.025;t=2.719,P=0.008;t=2.522,P=0.013;t=6.088,P=0.000);Logistic回归模型显示祈祷是慢性疼痛患者是否信仰宗教的影响因素(OR=0.788,P=0.000)。结论宗教信仰在慢性疼痛患者应对疼痛、与他人建立安全依恋关系的过程中发挥重要作用,应进一步研究宗教信仰在慢性疼痛患者心理干预中的作用。     

Coping,social support,and attachment style as psychosocial correlates of adjustment in men and women with HIV/AIDS

The purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial correlates of adjustment to HIV/AIDS in a sample of 137 HIV-positive persons (78 men and 59 women). Multiple regression analysis was used to examine relationships between perceived quality of general social support, three attachment styles, and three coping styles with total score on Positive States of Mind Scale (PSOMS), our measure of adjustment. The influence of demographic and medical status variables was also accounted for. PSOMS total score was significantly associated with greater satisfaction with social support related to HIV/AIDS, more secure attachment style, and less use of behavioral disengagement in coping with HIV/AIDS. These results indicate that for people with HIV or AIDS, those individuals who are more satisfied with their relationships, securely engaged with others, and more directly engaged with their illness are more likely to experience positive adjustment. Implications for physical health outcome and opportunities for intervention are discussed.     

煤矿井下特种工心理健康与应对方式的关系

目的:了解煤矿井下特种作业员工的应对方式对心理健康状况的影响。方法:选取了某煤炭企业集团所属10个矿区井下作业1013人为被试,使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)以及简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)进行测量。结果:(1)井下特种作业员工SCL-90总分及躯体化、强迫、焦虑以及精神病性因子得分均显著高于全国常模,差异具有统计学意义(t=3.53,5.28,7.53,2.19,2.82;P0.05)。人际关系得分低于全国常模,其中人际关系因子得分具有显著差异(t=-6.70,-0.75;P0.05);(2)积极应对方式和消极应对方式使用状况均低于全国常模,差异有显著性(t=-2.12,-3.38;P0.05);(3)积极应对方式与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈显著负相关,消极应对方式与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈显著正相关,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:井下特种作业员工心理健康水平显著差于全国一般人群;压力状态下,使用应对方式的情况显著少于全国一般人群;积极应对方式和消极应对方式对特种作业员工的心理健康状况有不同的影响。     

Posttraumatic stress and growth among Tibetan refugees: the mediating role of cognitive-emotional regulation strategies

This study examined posttraumatic stress (PTS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among 226 Tibetan refugees across two generations. Additional objectives were to (i) examine the sex and generation differences on the scores of trauma, PTS, and PTG, (ii) explore the relationship between traumatic experiences, PTS and PTG, and (iii) investigate the mediating effect of cognitive-emotional regulation strategies between the traumatic experiences and PTS as well as PTG. Females scored higher on trauma, PTS, and PTG. The trauma, PTS, and PTG scores of the two generations were significantly different. Acceptance and putting into perspective partially mediated the relationship between traumatic experience and PTS. Positive refocusing, refocus on planning, putting into perspective, and catastrophisizing partially mediated the relationship between traumatic experiences and PTG.     

医学生心理压力与应付方式的关系研究

目的探讨医学生不同程度心理压力与不同应付方式的关系。方法使用心身压力测试量表、应对方式问卷对426名学生进行调查。结果①24.4%的大学生心理压力程度较高,39.2%的大学生心理压力适中,36.4%的大学生心理压力程度较低;②高、中、低3个不同程度心理压力组学生应付方式各因子得分都有显著性差异(F=15.797,26.284,5.086,16.327,7.630,3.073;P<0.05);③心理压力较高的学生倾向于采取非成熟的应付方式,心理压力适中、较低的学生倾向于采取成熟的应付方式;④自责、幻想及解决问题对心理压力有非常显著的预测作用(R2=0.169,0.197,0.223;P<0.001)。结论倾向使用非成熟应付方式的医学生心理压力较高。     

Stress and coping styles in guangzhou families with hepatitis B virus children

This study was conducted in Guangzhou, China. The study compared the stress coping styles of three groups of parents: (1) parents of children who are carriers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) who attend a special health kindergarten; (2) parents of children with HBV who stay at home; and (3) parents of healthy children attending ordinary kindergarten. Parents of HBV children who stayed at home reported greater problems due to stress. The groups did not differ in reports of stress arising from life events other than their child's illness and the fact that their HBV-carrying children were prohibited from the kindergarten. Content analyses of the mothers' reported styles revealed five patterns of coping styles, which are explained with reference to the Chinese cultural context.     

大学生家庭环境、一般自我效能感和应对方式的相关研究

目的 探讨大学生的家庭环境、一般自我效能感和应对方式之间.的关系.方法 以223名大学生为被试施测家庭环境量表、应对方式问卷和一般自我效能感量表.结果 ①家庭环境和应对方式均不存在性别差异,但是男生的自我效能感高于女生(t=2.186,P=0.3);②高自我效能感、良好家庭环境的大学生更容易选择适应性应对方式(F=13...     

Social support,stress coping strategies,resilience and posttraumatic growth in a Polish sample of HIV-infected individuals: results of a 1 year longitudinal study

This study investigated the level of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its association with the level of social support, stress coping strategies and resilience among a people living with HIV (PLWH) in a 1 year longitudinal study. We also controlled for age, HIV infection duration and the presence of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). From the 290 participants, initially eligible for the study, 110 patients were recruited for the first assessment and 73 patients participated in a follow-up assessment. Participants filled out following psychometric tools: the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS), the Mini-COPE Inventory, the Resiliency Assessment Scale (SPP-25) and the PTSD-F questionnaire. Received support and resilience were positively, whereas return to religion as coping strategy was negatively related to the PTG. Clinicians and researchers need to focus on potentially positive consequences of HIV infection, i.e. PTG, and factors that might promote it among PLWH.     

The Relation Between Parental Coping Styles and Parent-Child Interactions Before and After Treatment for Children With ADHD and Oppositional Behavior

This study examined the relation between parental coping styles, discipline, and child behavior before and after participating in a parent training program for parents of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and oppositional behavior. For mothers, use of more maladaptive and less adaptive coping styles was related to more self-reported lax and overreactive discipline, more observed coercive parenting, and more observed child misbehavior prior to parent training. No significant relations were found for mothers following parent training after controlling for pretreatment variables. For fathers, use of more maladaptive and less adaptive coping styles was related to self-reported lax discipline before and after parent training. Contrary to prediction, fathers who reported less seeking support and adaptive-focused coping showed the most improvement in their children's behavior. Most results remained significant after controlling for self-reported depression. Implications for improving parent training research and programs were discussed.     

Posttraumatic growth in long term breast cancer survivors: relation to coping, social support and cognitive processing

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) has rarely been studied in long term breast cancer survivors using open interviews. In order to address the issue of how women integrate PTG in their overall cancer experience, 28 open interviews concerning changes after cancer were carried out with 5- to 15-year survivors. The analysis of results, performed using Alceste software, revealed one thematic class of PTG which was specific to women with high coping and social support and active cognitive processing. PTG theme appeared most often as a conclusion of interviews rather than in response to the question about changes after cancer.     

Differential effects of coping in mental disorders: A prospective study in psychiatric outpatients

The present follow-up study investigated the differential effects of dispositional coping styles on change in nine clinical syndromes of the Axis I spectrum of the DSM-III-R. Subjects were 155 psychiatric outpatients who were examined 6 and 7 years after their enrollment in the study. Coping accounted for up to 9% of the variance of symptom change over 1 year. As hypothesized, the effects of different coping styles varied considerably across the clinical syndromes. Active goal-oriented coping improved symptoms of the anxiety and the dependency spectrum; seeking social support had beneficial effects on symptoms of the depressive spectrum. The effects of the coping styles distraction, use of alcohol and other drugs, and focusing on and venting of emotions were detrimental, but again in a specific way. The results suggest that the differentiation of outcome criteria for coping is important. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

车祸发生后中学生急性应激的症状反应特点

目的探讨经历车祸班级中学生急性应激反应的发生率、症状特点及心理社会因素。方法采用整群抽样,有效样本为经历车祸班级的49名学生,以创伤后应激障碍症状清单平民版量表（PCL—C）、社会支持量表、简易应对方式问卷和防御方式问卷为工具采用一对一面谈的方式对其进行调查。结果该班学生中最常见的症状依次为：创伤提示异常心理痛苦（34．69％）,闯入性回忆（32．65％）,回避创伤相关思考（22．45％）,回避创伤提示物品或境遇（22．45％）和过度警觉（20．41％）;急性应激反应的发生率为16．33％,PCL—C阳性组与阴性组学生在社会支持（t=4．105,P〈0．01）、应对方式（t=3．627,P〈0．01）及防御方式（t：5．428,P〈0．01）等比较差异具有统计学意义。结论经历车祸创伤后的中学生急性应激发生率较高,需要对其进行心理干预。     

Longitudinal association between adolescent attachment,adult romantic attachment,and emotion regulation strategies

Attachment security towards parents and peers in adolescence, and romantic attachment styles and emotion regulation strategies in young adulthood, were evaluated using an eight-year longitudinal design. Fifty-six young adults completed the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) at age 14, and then, at age 22, the Experience in Close Relationships (ECR) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), an emotion regulation questionnaire concerning coping strategies, including task-oriented versus emotion-oriented foci. Results indicated that greater insecurity to parents and peers in adolescence predicted a more anxious romantic attachment style and greater use of emotion-oriented strategies in adulthood. Concurrently, anxious adult attachment style was related to more emotion-oriented strategies, whereas an avoidant attachment style was related to less support-seeking. Analyses also identified emotion-oriented coping strategies as a partial mediator of the link between adolescent attachment insecurity to parents and adult anxious attachment, and a complete mediator of the association between adolescent attachment insecurity to peers and adult anxious attachment. These findings support the core assumption of continuity in attachment theory, where relationships to parents influence close romantic relationships in adulthood.     

Attachment styles, traumatic events, and PTSD: a cross-sectional investigation of adult attachment and trauma

The aim of the present study was to examine the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adult attachment in a young adult population. A sample of 328 Danish students (mean age 29.2 years) from four different schools of intermediate education level were studied by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC), the Crisis Support Scale (CSS), the Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ), and the World Assumption Scale (WAS). Attachment styles were associated with number of PTSD symptoms, negative affectivity, somatization, emotional coping, attributions, and social support. The distribution of attachment styles in relation to PTSD symptoms could be conceived as uni-dimensional.     

Attachment styles,traumatic events,and PTSD: a cross-sectional investigation of adult attachment and trauma

The aim of the present study was to examine the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adult attachment in a young adult population. A sample of 328 Danish students (mean age 29.2 years) from four different schools of intermediate education level were studied by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC), the Crisis Support Scale (CSS), the Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ), and the World Assumption Scale (WAS). Attachment styles were associated with number of PTSD symptoms, negative affectivity, somatization, emotional coping, attributions, and social support. The distribution of attachment styles in relation to PTSD symptoms could be conceived as uni-dimensional.     

Differential effects of coping in mental disorders: A prospective study in psychiatric outpatients*

The present follow‐up study investigated the differential effects of dispositional coping styles on change in nine clinical syndromes of the Axis I spectrum of the DSM‐Ill‐R. Subjects were 155 psychiatric outpatients who were examined 6 and 7 years after their enrollment in the study. Coping accounted for up to 9% of the variance of symptom change over 1 year. As hypothesized, the effects of different coping styles varied considerably across the clinical syndromes. Active goal‐oriented coping improved symptoms of the anxiety and the dependency spectrum; seeking social support had beneficial effects on symptoms of the depressive spectrum. The effects of the coping styles distraction, use of alcohol and other drugs, and focusing on and venting of emotions were detrimental, but again in a specific way. The results suggest that the differentiation of outcome criteria for coping is important. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 2003.