Comparison of creatinine and cystatin C for estimation of glomerular filtration rate in pediatric patients after Fontan operation

Background: There are several limitations when using creatinine to estimate glomerular filtration rate, especially in children with chronic medical conditions who are at high risk of kidney dysfunction. Cystatin C has been the recent focus of research as a replacement biomarker for creatinine. Our objective was to compare the 2 biomarkers in pediatric single‐ventricle heart disease patients who have undergone the Fontan operation. We hypothesized that there would be poor correlation and agreement between the 2 estimates of renal function.
Methods: This was a single center retrospective chart review of 20 patients who had previously undergone Fontan operation. Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records. Blood samples were collected as part of routine clinical care and simultaneously measured for serum creatinine and cystatin C. Glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the creatinine‐based bedside Schwartz formula and cystatin C‐based Zapatelli equation. Spearman correlation and Bland‐Altman analysis were used to assess correlation and agreement.
Results: The median Schwartz‐derived estimated glomerular filtration rate was 98.94 mL/min/1.73 m² while the median Zappitelli‐derived estimated glomerular filtration rate was 84.76 mL/min/1.73 m² . The mean difference was −19.27 suggesting poor agreement. There was weak to moderate correlation between the Schwartz and cystatin C estimated glomerular filtration rate.
Conclusion: The bedside Schwartz formula may be an overestimate of glomerular filtration rate in pediatric single‐ventricle heart disease patients who have undergone the Fontan operation. While larger studies are necessary, cystatin C is a promising biomarker to replace creatinine and better estimate kidney function in this population.     

血清肌酐、胱抑素C及肾小球滤过率与支架内再狭窄的相关性

目的探讨血清肌酐、血清胱抑素C(Cys C)及肾小球滤过率(GFR)与冠状动脉内置入药物洗脱支架后发生支架内再狭窄的相关性。方法回顾性分析624例患者,均于冠状动脉内植入药物洗脱支架且于中国医科大学附属盛京医院复查冠状动脉造影,按复查造影结果分为再狭窄组(147例)及非再狭窄组(477例),统计并分析所有患者的临床资料、生化指标、介入靶血管、再狭窄等数据。结果无论是PCI术前、术后以及复查造影时,再狭窄组患者的血清肌酐、血清Cys C水平均高于非再狭窄组(P0.05);GFR均低于非再狭窄组(P0.05);通过多因素Cox回归分析示,血清肌酐及血清Cys C水平升高、GFR下降是预测药物洗脱支架内再狭窄的独立危险因子。结论肾功能水平与支架内再狭窄的发生密切相关,血清肌酐及Cys C升高、GFR下降是冠状动脉内药物洗脱支架术后发生再狭窄的独立危险因素。     

胱抑素与老年肌酐正常肾损害患者肾小球滤过率的相关性研究

目的探讨在血清肌酐正常的老年肾损害患者中,胱抑素(cystatinC,Cys-C)对肾小球滤过率(GFR)评价的意义。方法对2002-11~2003-12泸州医学院附属医院86例有肾损害但血清肌酐(Scr)正常的老年患者,应用乳胶颗粒增强比浊法测定血清中Cys-C浓度,并采用CockCroft-Cault公式计算内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)。分别比较Cys-C与Scr和Ccr的相关性。结果56例Cys-C升高超过正常,占56.1%;比较Ccr≤59mL/min和Ccr>59mL/min两组间的Cys-C质量浓度发现,当Ccr≤50mL/min时,97.1%的患者Cys-C超过正常,在Ccr>59mL/min时,已有44.2%患者Cys-C超过正常。血清Cys-C与Scr存在高度的正直线相关(r=0.89,P<0.01);Cys-C与Ccr存在高度的负直线相关(r=-0.87,P<0.01)。结论在老年患者中,Cys-C比Scr和Ccr更敏感地反映早期肾小球滤过率的下降。     

血清胱抑素C对肝硬化患者肾损伤的诊断效能研究

目的 探讨应用血清胱抑素C水平诊断肝硬化患者并发急性肾损伤（AKI）的临床价值。方法 2015年1月~2017年2月我院接受治疗的114例肝硬化患者,按照血清肌酐水平在48 h内≥25.5 μmol/L诊断,结果并发AKI患者62例【其中急性肾小管坏死（ATN)8例,肝肾综合症（HRS）16例和前性氮质血症(PRA)38例】,非AKI患者52例。采用增强免疫比浊法检测血清胱抑素C。结果 AKI组合并冠心病19例,糖尿病17例,高血压16例,显著高于非AKI组的12例、10例和11例（P<0.05）;AKI组血清胱抑素C水平为（2.4±0.2） mg/L,显著高于非AKI组的（0.9±0.1） mg/L,白蛋白为（28.3±4.8） g/L,显著低于非AKI组的（34.1±7.3） g/L（P<0.05）;尿素氮为（15.3±5.4） mmol/L,血小板计数为（73.1±11.3）×10⁹/L,总胆红素为（43.8±9.5） μmol/L,血肌酐为（127.6±23.5） μmol/L,与非AKI组的（6.4±3.3） mmol/L、（90.6±12.7）×10⁹/L、（23.6±6.4） μmol/L和（73.4±15.2） μmol/L比,差异显著（P<0.05）;ATN组血胱抑素C水平为（3.6±1.6） mg/L,血小板计数为（102.6±21.7）×10⁹/L,总胆红素为（73.2±16.8） μmol/L,血肌酐为（346.8±30.7） μmol/L,均显著高于HRS组或PRA组（P<0.05）;血清胱抑素C诊断AKI的准确度为92.1%,特异度为95.7%,显著高于血肌酐或尿素氮。结论 血胱抑素C水平检测可帮助早期诊断肝硬化患者并发AKI,或有利于临床早期处理。     

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C in octogenarians and nonagenarians

Background

Equations to estimate GFR have not been well validated in the elderly and may misclassify persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We measured GFR and compared the performance of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-Epi) and the Berlin Initiative Study (BIS) equations based on creatinine and/or cystatin C in octogenarians and nonagenarians.

Methods

Using cross-sectional analysis we assessed 95 very elderly persons (mean 85 years) living in the community. GFR was measured by iohexol (mGFR) and compared with estimates using six equations: MDRD, CKD-Epi_creatinine, CKD-Epi_cystatin, CKD-Epi_creatinine-cystatin, BIS_creatinine and BIS_creatinine-cystatin.

Results

Mean mGFR was 55 (range,19–86) ml/min/1.73 m². Bias was smaller with the CKD-Epi_creatinine-cystatin and the CKD-Epi_creatinine equations (-4.0 and 1.7 ml/min/1.73 m²). Accuracy (percentage of estimates within 30% of mGFR) was greater with the CKD-Epi_creatinine-cystatin, BIS_creatinine-cystatin and BIS_creatinine equations (85%, 83% and 80%, respectively). Among the creatinine-based equations, the BIS_creatinine had the greatest accuracy at mGFR?<?60 ml/min/1.73 m² and the CKD-Epi_creatinine was superior at higher GFRs (79% and 90%, respectively). The CKD-Epi_creatinine-cystatin, BIS_creatinine-cystatin and CKD-Epi_cystatin equations yielded the greatest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve at GFR threshold?=?60 ml/min/1.73 m² (0.88, 0.88 and 0.87, respectively). In participants classified based on the BIS_creatinine, CKD-Epi_cystatin, or BIS_creatinine-cystatin equations, the CKD-Epi_creatinine-cystatin equation tended to improve CKD classification (net reclassification index: 12.7%, p?=?0.18; 6.7%, p?=?0.38; and 15.9%; p?=?0.08, respectively).

Conclusions

GFR-estimating equations CKD-Epi_creatinine-cystatin and BIS_creatinine-cystatin showed better accuracy than other equations using creatinine or cystatin C alone in very elderly persons. The CKD-Epi_creatinine-cystatin equation appears to be advantageous in CKD classification. If cystatin C is not available, both the BIS_cr equation and the CKD-Epi_cr equation could be used, although at mGFR?<?60 ml/min/1.73 m², the BIS_cr equation seems to be the best alternative.

     

公式估算的肾小球滤过率在糖尿病人群中的应用

糖尿病已逐渐成为慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)的主导病因,美国流行病学调查显示自2001年起,每年接受透析治疗的患者绝大多数(＞40%)患有糖尿病.越来越多的临床医师认识到,在该人群中进行CKD分期的重要性.美国糖尿病协会最新指南推荐在该人群中应用Cockcroft-Gault公式和肾脏疾病饮食改良系列公式(MDRD).现有研究肯定了公式估算的肾小球滤过率在糖尿病肾病筛查中的价值,同时也有许多研究分析了其与糖尿病相关危险因素之间的关系.但目前尚未确立最合适的估算糖尿病人群肾小球滤过率的公式,此外其结合其他指标后的实际应用价值也需要大量循证医学资料加以证实.     

Simple cystatin C formula compared to sophisticated CKD-EPI formulas for estimation of glomerular filtration rate in the elderly

Despite the fact that the serum creatinine level is notoriously unreliable for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the elderly, the serum creatinine concentration and serum creatinine-based formulas, such as the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation (MDRD) are the most commonly used markers to estimate GFR. Recently, serum cystatin C-based formulas, the newer creatinine formula (the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula (CKD-EPI creatinine formula), and an equation that uses both serum creatinine and cystatin C (CKD-EPI creatinine and cystatin formula) were proposed as new GFR markers. The aim of our study was to compare the MDRD formula, CKD-EPI creatinine formula, CKD-EPI creatinine and cystatin formula, and simple cystatin C formula (100/serum cystatin C) against (51) Cr-EDTA clearance in the elderly. A total of 317 adult Caucasian patients aged >65 years were enrolled. In each patient, (51) Cr-EDTA clearance, serum creatinine, and serum cystatin C were determined, and the GFR was calculated using the MDRD formula, CKD-EPI formulas, and simple cystatin C formula. Statistically significant correlations between (51) Cr-EDTA clearance and all formulas were found. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with a cut-off of GFR 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2), a higher diagnostic accuracy was achieved with the equation that uses both serum creatinine and cystatin C (CKD-EPI creatinine and cystatin formula) than the MDRD formula (P < 0.013) or CKD-EPI creatinine formula (P < 0.01), but it was not higher than that achieved for the simple cystatin C formula (P = 0.335). Bland and Altman analysis for the same cut-off value showed that the creatinine formulas underestimated and the simple cystatin C formula overestimated measured GFR. All equations lacked precision. The accuracy within 30% of estimated (51) Cr-EDTA clearance values differ according to the stage of CKD. Analysis of the ability to correctly predict GFR below and above 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2) showed a high prediction for all formulas. Our results indicate that the simple cystatin C formula, which requires just one variable (serum cystatin C concentration), is a reliable marker of GFR in the elderly and comparable to the creatinine formulas, including the CKD-EPI formulas.     

Impact of estimated glomerular filtration rate based on plasma cystatin C and serum creatinine levels before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Background: No standard method for measuring renal function has been established in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 80 patients with hematological diseases who underwent allo-HCT at our center. We assessed renal function using creatinine clearance (Ccr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on creatinine (eGFRcre), eGFR based on cystatin C (eGFRcys), and the average of eGFRcre and eGFRcys (eGFRave). We then evaluated the impact of pre-transplant renal function on the exacerbation of renal function and non-relapse mortality after transplantation.

Results: There was a significant correlation between Ccr and eGFRcre, eGFRcys, and eGFRave. eGFRave best predicted the exacerbation of renal function according to the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. The cumulative incidence of renal function exacerbation at 1 year was higher in the lower eGFRave group (<90?ml/min/1.73?m²) than in the higher eGFRave group (≥90?ml/min/1.73?m²; 0.85 vs. 0.39, p?p?=?0.001). A lower eGFRave value was a marginally significant factor for non-relapse mortality (HR 3.29, p?=?0.076).

Conclusion: Among the four parameters, eGFRave best predicted the exacerbation of renal function in allo-HCT. Further, the marginal association between low eGFRave and high non-relapse mortality warrants further study in a prospective study in allo-HCT.     

Use of cystatin C-based estimations of glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes

Aims/hypothesis  The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation has recognised limitations when using estimated GFR in persons at risk of chronic kidney disease. Equations based on cystatin C provide an alternative method. We compared performance of the MDRD equation with a selection of cystatin C-based formulae for estimation of GFR in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods  Estimated GFR was calculated using the MDRD equation and the cystatin C formulae proposed by several investigator teams. Isotopic GFR was measured using plasma clearance of ⁵¹Cr-EDTA. Results  We studied 106 participants, of whom 83 (78%) were men with the following characteristics, mean (SD): age 61 (9) years, HbA_1c 7.10 (1.27)%, creatinine 89.0 (12.7) μmol/l, cystatin C 0.859 (0.234) mg/l and isotopic GFR 104.5 (20.1) ml min⁻¹ 1.73 m⁻². MDRD estimated GFR was 77.4 (13.6) ml min⁻¹ 1.73 m⁻² (p < 0.05 for difference from isotopic GFR). Cystatin C-based calculations of estimated GFR were: Perkins 124.5 (31.8), Rule 90.0 (30.0), Stevens (age) 96.0 (30.4) and Stevens (creatinine) 85.6 (19.0) ml min⁻¹ 1.73 m⁻² (p < 0.05 for difference with isotopic GFR). For Arnal’s, MacIsaac’s and Tan’s formulae cystatin-C estimated GFR were 101.7 (34.8), 102.1 (27.0) and 101.6 (27.8) ml min⁻¹ 1.73 m⁻², respectively (p = NS for difference with isotopic GFR). Cystatin C-based formulae were less biased and, with the exception of Perkins’ formula, more accurate to within 10% of isotopic GFR than MDRD. Conclusions/interpretation  Performance of cystatin C equations was superior to MDRD in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes. These results support further evaluation of cystatin C for estimation of GFR in persons at risk of chronic kidney disease.     

横纹肌溶解致急性肾损伤的临床分析

目的探讨横纹肌溶解(RM)引起急性肾损伤(AKI)的病因、临床特点、治疗及预后。方法对21例RM致AKI患者进行回顾性分析。结果 21例患者中,13例出现无尿、少尿及茶色尿;7例出现高钾血症,血肌红蛋白升高,肌酸磷酸激酶升高,乳酸脱氢酶升高,血肌酐升高。经过血液净化等综合治疗,17例(81.0%)患者存活,4例(19.0%)患者死于多器官衰竭;存活者出院时均脱离透析,血清酶均恢复正常,15例血肌酐恢复正常。结论 RM病因多样,大多为非创伤性,临床上不易发现,血清肌酶和血生化检测可提高诊断率,早期诊断、充分血液净化等综合治疗,可提高治愈率和改善预后,降低死亡率。     

Serum cystatin C concentration compared with other markers of glomerular filtration rate in the old old

OBJECTIVES: To assess serum cystatin C, compared with other markers of renal function, as a marker of renal function in the old old (aged 85 and older). DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis of data obtained in medically stable people aged 70 and older in a geriatric ward at a university hospital. SETTING: University hospital in Belgium. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight patients (17 men, 31 women) mean age +/- standard deviation 84.4 +/- 6.3 without acute illness or overt malignancy 7 days after admission were included. Twenty-five patients were aged 85 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Blood samples and 24-hour urine collections were obtained from each patient to determine serum creatinine, serum cystatin C levels, serum albumin, and creatinine clearance. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula and the Modification of Diet in Renal Study Group (MDRD) formula. On the same day, clearance of 51chromium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid was performed in all patients as the criterion standard of GFR. RESULTS: Serum creatinine (r=0.68), serum cystatin C (r=0.62), urinary creatinine clearance (r=0.57), the Cockcroft-Gault formula (r=0.82), and the MDRD-formula (r=0.65) correlated significantly with GFR (P <.0001). Regression analysis showed that serum cystatin C and serum creatinine were comparable markers of renal function (Y=0.442 +/- 0.007 x GFR and Y=0.494 +/- 0.01 x GFR respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a similar area under the curve for serum cystatin C and serum creatinine (P=.5) in detecting renal impairment (GFR <80 mL/min). The Cockcroft-Gault formula provides a good estimation of GFR when the GFR is less than 60 mL/min (Y=1.11 +/- 1.04 x GFR). When the GFR is greater than 60 mL/min, the Cockcroft-Gault formula underestimates GFR (Y=11.01 +/- 0.66 x GFR). In patients aged 85 and older, a slight decrease in GFR (51.8 +/- 21.3 mL/min vs 65.2 +/- 34.3 mL/min in patients aged 70-84; P=.10) is observed. This is reflected by a nonsignificant increase in serum cystatin C (P=.06), whereas serum creatinine is identical in both groups (P=.88). CONCLUSION: Serum cystatin C, serum creatinine, the Cockcroft-Gault formula, the MDRD formula, and urinary creatinine clearance are comparable markers of renal function in the overall older population. The Cockcroft-Gault formula underestimates renal function in older people with GFR greater than 60 mL/min. In our study, serum cystatin C was not superior to serum creatinine in the detection of renal impairment.     

Inverse association of estimated cystatin C- and creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate with left ventricular mass: Results from the Study of Health in Pomerania

Background

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in the general population and in patients with chronic kidney disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with left ventricular mass index (LVMI), LVH and left ventricular geometry. A question of clinical relevance is whether estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C (eGFR_cystatinC) is a better marker for cardiovascular risk than estimated glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine (eGFR_creatinine).

Methods

The study sample included 2830 individuals from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). LVH was defined as echocardiographic LVMI > 48 g/m^2.7 in men and > 44 g/m^2.7 in women. Kidney function, as assessed by eGFR, was determined from established equations: the creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and a cystatin-based multivariable equation.

Results

We found an inverse association between eGFR and LVMI. This association was stronger in models with eGFR_cystatinC than in models with eGFR_creatinine. Subjects with moderately-to-severely decreased kidney function (defined as eGFR 15–< 60 mL/min per 1.73 m²) had higher odds for abnormal geometric patterns of the left ventricle than subjects with normal eGFR when eGFR_cystatinC was used.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that eGFR_cystatinC is superior to eGFR_creatinine for assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease.     

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in the elderly: a comparison of creatinine-based formulae with serum cystatin C

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of decreased kidney function in an elderly population and to evaluate the impact of using alternative markers of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), focusing on serum cystatin C (Cys C) and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study prediction equation. DESIGN AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional community-based survey renal function was assessed by serum creatinine (SCreat), Cys C and GFR predicted by the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) and the MDRD Study formulae. Associations with age, gender and proteinuria were analysed by linear models. SUBJECTS: A total of 1246 elderly residents in Lieto, Finland, 64-100 years of age. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderately or severely decreased renal function, estimated by the MDRD Study equation, was 35.7%; the CG formula yielded 58.6%. The profile of Cys C performance, including variation across age groups and level of health status, showed greater similarity to GFR estimated using the MDRD Study equation than to SCreat alone, or GFR estimated using the CG formula. Discordance between high Cys C levels and only mildly decreased GFR estimates was observed in subjects with functional limitations. Microalbuminuria was associated with Cys C levels only (P =0.047). CONCLUSION: Prevalence estimates of decreased renal function amongst the elderly vary considerably depending on prediction formula used. Variation in creatinine metabolism amongst elderly comorbid patients and the critical dependence on the SCreat assay and exact calibration, make the use of creatinine-based formulae to predict GFR questionable in geriatric clinical practice. In this setting, Cys C is a promising alternative.     

胱抑素C和Stevens-Cr 方程估算eGFR早期诊断造影剂肾病

目的：经皮冠状动脉介入治疗前后,测定血清胱抑素C、经Stevens-Cr方程估算出肾小球滤过率,观察其早期诊断造影剂肾病的临床意义。方法：选取在我院行PCI的患者256例,其中22例于术后出现造影剂肾病,设为CIN组,其余234例患者设为对照组,分别于术前及术后12h、24h、48h检测血肌酐、血清胱抑素C,经简化MDRD方程、Stevens-Cr方程估算肾小球滤过率,进行比较。结果：术前CIN组肌酐、血清胱抑素C,经简化MDRD方程、Stevens-Cr方程估算出的肾小球滤过率与对照组相比较差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。术后24h CIN组患者血肌酐水平开始升高,经简化MDRD方程估算出的肾小球滤过率减低明显,于术前及对照组相比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。术后12h CIN组患者血清胱抑素C水平开始升高,经Stevens-Cr 方程估算出的肾小球滤过率减低明显,与术前及对照组相比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：血清胱抑素C、经Stevens-Cr方程估算出的肾小球滤过率可以反映早期肾功能损害的严重程度,可以作为造影剂肾病的检测指标。     

血清胱抑素C在肾脏疾病诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨血清胱抑素C(CysC)在肾脏疾病诊断中的临床价值。方法将354例肾病患者按肾脏损伤程度分为4组,检测血清BUN、Scr、UA和CysC并进行对比分析,同时比较BUN、Scr、UA、CysC之间的相关性及敏感性。试验设104例健康对照。结果肾功能基本正常组与健康对照组比较CysC差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着肾脏损伤程度的加重,BUN、Scr、UA、CysC均显著升高,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);4指标异常率与肾损伤程度呈正相关,其中CysCr=0.979。肾功能轻度异常组Scr异常率最低(37.2%),肾功能重度异常组UA异常率最低(72.9%)。结论 CysC是肾功能早期损害的灵敏诊断指标,CysC和BUN可用于评价肾脏疾病的进展和判断预后,Scr在轻度肾损伤时不敏感,UA不能单独作为评价肾脏疾病的进展和判断预后的指标。     

血清胱抑素C与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病相关性研究进展

<正>胱抑素C(Cystatin C,Cys-C)是半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,参与细胞内外蛋白质水解的调节,避免细胞被不适当的内源性或外源性蛋白酶水解。近年的研究发现,Cys-C参与动脉粥样硬化性疾病的发生、发展过程,具有抗炎、抑制酶与激素前体活性等作用[1-3]。现简要介绍Cys-C的生化特征、     

血清胱抑素C与糖尿病肾病

血清胱抑素C是一种半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,由机体所有有核细胞以恒定的速率产生,其相对分子质量小,可被肾小球自由滤过,在近端肾小管被代谢.血清胱抑素C作为一种内源性标志物,可以较早的反映肾小球滤过率的变化,故其在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中有重要的价值.     

Serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease

Background & aimsSarcopenia is a clinical syndrome that features muscle atrophy and weakness, and has been associated with cardiovascular events and poor clinical outcomes. Recently, the sarcopenia index (SI) was developed as a simple screening tool based upon the serum creatinine to cystatin C (CysC) ratio. We investigated the association between SI and the prevalence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with obstructive CAD.Methods & ResultsBetween January 2010 and December 2018, patients with angina pectoris and obstructive CAD requiring coronary artery intervention were enrolled. Serum levels of CysC and other biomarkers were assessed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the SI ([Cr/CysC] x 100). Demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of the two groups were evaluated. A total of 427 patients (79.6% men, mean age 69.55 ± 12.04 years) were enrolled. Patients with SI < 120 (n = 214, 28%) were older, more likely to be of the female gender, and to have more hypertension and congestive heart failure (all p < 0.05). The prevalence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) composed of myocardial infarction, stroke, and all-cause mortality was higher in patients with lower SI (p = 0.026). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, multivariate Cox regression (hazard ratio 2.08, p = 0.045) and Kaplan–Meier analyses (log-rank p = 0.0371) revealed that lower SI was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of MACE.ConclusionsSerum creatinine to cystatin C ratio (SI) may be a useful surrogate marker to predict the future prevalence of MACE in patients with obstructive CAD.